Periodic Table
metals
"being a good conductor of electricity" is a physical property of metals or non-metals?
2
# of electrons allowed in first energy level (closest to the nucleus)
8
# of electrons allowed in the 2nd energy level
valence electrons
# of electrons found in the furtherst out (or highest energy level) these are the electrons that can be transferred or shared with other atoms
How many vertical columns are there in the periodic table? What are they called?
-18 vertical columns -called groups/families, often named after the first element in the group (the carbon family) -elements in the same group have similar properties because they have the SAME NUMBER OF VALENCE ELECTRONS!!
Holmium (Ho)
Atomic Number: 67 Average Atomic Mass: 164.93
Fluorine (F)
Atomic Number: 9 19.00
Neutral or no
Neutrons have a ________ charge.
positive
Protons have a _______ charge.
metals (cations) and non metals (anions)
What type of elements form cations and anions
molecules
When atoms combine they can form____________. Water is an example of this (2 Hydrogens and 1 Oxygen)
Lithium (Li)
Which element has three (3) electrons?
metalloids
elements with properties between metals and nonmetals
reactive
how likely an element is to undergo a chemical change
In a group (column)
the chemical and physical properties are most likely similar
Elements in the same column have similar properties because ______________________ (not a one word answer, an explanation)
they have the same number of electrons in the outer orbital (called valence electrons)
element symbol
A one or two letter abbreviation of the element's name. First letter ALWAYS capitalized, second letter ALWAYS lower case
element
Adding or removing protons in an element, from the nucleus of an atom, creates a different __________.
physical properties
Are the following characteristics physical or chemical properties? Silvery colored Relatively soft Low melting points
increases
As you go from left to right across a row the number of valence electrons ______
Hydrogen (H)
Atomic Number: 1 Average Atomic Mass: 1.01
Neon (Ne)
Atomic Number: 10 Average Atomic Mass
Fermium (Fm)
Atomic Number: 100 Average Atomic Mass: 257
Mendelevium (Md)
Atomic Number: 101 Average Atomic Mass: 258
Nobelium (No)
Atomic Number: 102 Average Atomic Mass: 259
Lawrencium (Lr)
Atomic Number: 103 Average Atomic Mass: 262
Rutherfordium (Rf)
Atomic Number: 104 Average Atomic Mass: 261
Dubnium (Db)
Atomic Number: 105 Average Atomic Mass: 262
Seoborgium (Sg)
Atomic Number: 106 Average Atomic Mass: 266
Bohrium (Bh)
Atomic Number: 107 Average Atomic Mass: 264
Hassium (Hs)
Atomic Number: 108 Average Atomic Mass: 269
Meitnerium (Mt)
Atomic Number: 109 Average Atomic Mass: 268
Sodium (Na)
Atomic Number: 11 Average Atomic Mass: 22.99
Darmstadtium (Ds)
Atomic Number: 110 Average Atomic Mass: 281
Roentgenium (Rg)
Atomic Number: 111 Average Atomic Mass: 280
Copernicium (Cn)
Atomic Number: 112 Average Atomic Mass: 285
Nihonium (Nh)
Atomic Number: 113 Average Atomic Mass: 284
Flerovium (Fl)
Atomic Number: 114 Average Atomic Mass: 289
Moscovium (Mc)
Atomic Number: 115 Average Atomic Mass: 288
Livermorium (Lv)
Atomic Number: 116 Average Atomic Mass: 293
Tennessine (Ts)
Atomic Number: 117 Average Atomic Mass: 294
Oganesson (Og)
Atomic Number: 118 Average Atomic Mass: 294
Magnesium (Mg)
Atomic Number: 12 Average Atomic Mass: 24.31
Aluminum (Al)
Atomic Number: 13 Average Atomic Mass: 26.98
Silicon (Si)
Atomic Number: 14 Average Atomic Mass: 28.09
Phosphorus (P)
Atomic Number: 15 Average Atomic Mass: 30.97
Sulfur (S)
Atomic Number: 16 Average Atomic Mass: 32.07
Chlorine (Cl)
Atomic Number: 17 Average Atomic Mass: 35.45
Argon (Ar)
Atomic Number: 18 Average Atomic Mass: 39.95
Potassium (K)
Atomic Number: 19 Average Atomic Mass: 39.10
Helium (He)
Atomic Number: 2 Average Atomic Mass: 4.00
Calcium (Ca)
Atomic Number: 20 Average Atomic Mass: 40.08
Scandium (Sc)
Atomic Number: 21 Average Atomic Mass: 44.96
Titanium (Ti)
Atomic Number: 22 Average Atomic Mass: 47.87
Vanadium (V)
Atomic Number: 23 Average Atomic Mass: 50.94
Chromium (Cr)
Atomic Number: 24 Average Atomic Mass: 52.00
Manganese (Mn)
Atomic Number: 25 Average Atomic Mass: 54.94
Iron (Fe)
Atomic Number: 26 Average Atomic Mass: 55.85
Cobalt (Co)
Atomic Number: 27 Average Atomic Mass: 58.93
Nickel (Ni)
Atomic Number: 28 Average Atomic Mass: 58.69
Copper (Cu)
Atomic Number: 29 Average Atomic Mass: 63.55
Lithium (Li)
Atomic Number: 3 Average Atomic Mass: 6.94
Zinc (Zn)
Atomic Number: 30 Average Atomic Mass:65.39
Gallium (Ga)
Atomic Number: 31 Average Atomic Mass; 69.72
Germanium (Ge)
Atomic Number: 32 Average Atomic Number: 72.61
Arsenic (As)
Atomic Number: 33 Average Atomic Mass: 74.92
Selenium (Se)
Atomic Number: 34 Average Atomic Mass: 78.96
Bromine (Br)
Atomic Number: 35 Average Atomic Mass: 79.90
Krypton (Kr)
Atomic Number: 36 Average Atomic Mass: 83.80
Rubidium (Rb)
Atomic Number: 37 Average Atomic Mass: 85.47
Strontium (Sr)
Atomic Number: 38 Average Atomic Mass: 87.62
Yttrium (Y)
Atomic Number: 39 Average Atomic Mass: 88.91
Beryllium (Be)
Atomic Number: 4 Average Atomic Mass: 9.01
Zirconium (Zr)
Atomic Number: 40 Average Atomic Mass: 91.22
Niobium (Nb)
Atomic Number: 41 Average Atomic Mass: 92.91
Molybdenum (Mo)
Atomic Number: 42 Average Atomic Mass: 95.94
Teehnetium (Tc)
Atomic Number: 43 Average Atomic Mass: 98
Ruthenium (Ru)
Atomic Number: 44 Average Atomic Mass: 101.07
Rhodium (Rh)
Atomic Number: 45 Average Atomic Mass: 102.91
Palladium (Pd)
Atomic Number: 46 Average Atomic Mass: 106.42
Silver (Ag)
Atomic Number: 47 Average Atomic Mass: 107.82
Cadmium (Cd)
Atomic Number: 48 Average Atomic Mass: 112.42
Indium (In)
Atomic Number: 49 Average Atomic Mass: 114.82
Boron (B)
Atomic Number: 5 Average Atomic Mass: 10.81
Tin (Sn)
Atomic Number: 50 Average Atomic Mass: 118.72
Antimony (Sb)
Atomic Number: 51 Average Atomic Mass: 121.76
Tellurium (Te)
Atomic Number: 52 Average Atomic Mass: 126.60
Iodine (I)
Atomic Number: 53 Average Atomic Mass: 126.90
Xenon (Xe)
Atomic Number: 54 Average Atomic Mass: 131.29
Cesium (Cs)
Atomic Number: 55 Average Atomic Mass: 132.91
Barium (Ba)
Atomic Number: 56 Average Atomic Mass: 137.33
Lanthanium (La)
Atomic Number: 57 Average Atomic Mass: 140.12
Cerium (Ce)
Atomic Number: 58 Average Atomic Mass: 140.12
Praseodymium (Pr)
Atomic Number: 59 Average Atomic Mass: 140.91
Carbon (C)
Atomic Number: 6 Average Atomic Mass: 12.01
Neodymium (Nd)
Atomic Number: 60 Average Atomic Mass: 144.24
Promethium (Pm)
Atomic Number: 61 Average Atomic Mass: 145
Samarium (Sm)
Atomic Number: 62 Average Atomic Mass: 150.36
Europium (Eu)
Atomic Number: 63 Average Atomic Mass: 151.96
Gadolinium (Gd)
Atomic Number: 64 Average Atomic Mass: 157.25
Terbium (Tb)
Atomic Number: 65 Average Atomic Mass: 158.93
Dysprosium (Dy)
Atomic Number: 66 Average Atomic Mass: 162.50
Erbium (Er)
Atomic Number: 68 Average Atomic Mass: 167.26
Thulium (Tm)
Atomic Number: 69 Average Atomic Mass: 168.93
Nitrogen (N)
Atomic Number: 7 Average Atomic Mass: 14.01
Ytterbium (Yb)
Atomic Number: 70 Average Atomic Mass: 173.04
Lutetium (Lu)
Atomic Number: 71 Average Atomic Mass: 174.97
Hafnium (Hf)
Atomic Number: 72 Average Atomic Mass: 178.49
Tantalum (Ta)
Atomic Number: 73 Average Atomic Mass: 180.95
Tunglsen (W)
Atomic Number: 74 Average Atomic Mass: 183.84
Rhenium (Re)
Atomic Number: 75 Average Atomic Mass: 186.21
Osmium (Os)
Atomic Number: 76 Average Atomic Mass: 190.23
Iridium (Ir)
Atomic Number: 77 Average Atomic Mass: 192.22
Platinum (Pt)
Atomic Number: 78 Average Atomic Mass: 195.08
Gold (Au)
Atomic Number: 79 Average Atomic Mass: 196.97
Oxygen (O)
Atomic Number: 8 Average Atomic Mass: 16.00
Mercury (Hg)
Atomic Number: 80 Average Atomic Mass: 200.59
Thallium (Tl)
Atomic Number: 81 Average Atomic Mass: 204.38
Lead (Pb)
Atomic Number: 82 Average Atomic Mass: 207.2
Bismuth (Bi)
Atomic Number: 83 Average Atomic Mass: 208.98
Polonium (Po)
Atomic Number: 84 Average Atomic Mass: 209
Astatine (At)
Atomic Number: 85 Average Atomic Mass: 210
Radon (Rn)
Atomic Number: 86 Average Atomic Mass: 222
Franclum (Fr)
Atomic Number: 87 Average Atomic Mass: 223
Radium (Ra)
Atomic Number: 88 Average Atomic Mass: 226
Actinium (Ac)
Atomic Number: 89 Average Atomic Mass: 227
Thorium (Th)
Atomic Number: 90 Average Atomic Mass: 232.04
Protactinium (Pa)
Atomic Number: 91 Average Atomic Mass: 231.04
Uranium (U)
Atomic Number: 92 Average Atomic Mass: 238.03
Neptunium (Np)
Atomic Number: 93 Average Atomic Mass: 237
Plutonium (Pu)
Atomic Number: 94 Average Atomic Mass: 244
Americium (Am)
Atomic Number: 95 Average Atomic Mass: 243
Curium (Cm)
Atomic Number: 96 Average Atomic Mass:247
Berkellum (Bk)
Atomic Number: 97 Average Atomic Mass: 247
Californium (Cf)
Atomic Number: 98 Average Atomic Mass: 251
Einsteinium (Es)
Atomic Number: 99 Average Atomic Mass: 252
number of neutrons
Atomic mass - atomic number = ________
ductile
Drawn into thin wires
True
Electronegatity and ionization energy increase as you move left to right on the periodic table
negative
Electrons have a ________ charge.
closer to farther from
Electrons that are closer to/farther from the nucleus have less energy than those electrons that are closer to/farther from the nucleus
they have the same number of electrons in the outer orbital (called valence electrons)
Elements in the same column have similar properties because ______________________ (not a one word answer, an explanation)
Metalloids or semi-metals
Elements that have properties of both metals and non-metals and are found along the zig-zag line on the periodic chart.
vertical columns
Families or Groups are the two names for which of the following: horizontal rows or vertical columns
electrons
For most of the elements on the periodic table, the number of protons is equal to the number of ____________.
by its group number (exception: transition metals)
How can you determine the number of valence electrons for an element
118
How many total elements are there on the periodic table?
-18 vertical columns -called groups/families, often named after the first element in the group (the carbon family) -elements in the same group have similar properties because they have the SAME NUMBER OF VALENCE ELECTRONS!!
How many vertical columns are there in the periodic table? What are they called?
the chemical and physical properties are most likely similar
In a group (column) in the periodic table, that properties are most likely similar among these elements?
atomic
In the periodic table, the number of protons tell you the __________ number.
Transition Metals
Located in the center of the Periodic Table (d block) between groups IIA and IIIA
left
Metals are found on the left or right side of the periodic chart of elements?
heat and electricity
Metals are good conductors of _________ and _________.
solid
Most elements in the periodic table are found in the ___________ state.
non-metals
Most of these compounds are gases at room temperature: (metals or non-metals?)
right
Non-metals are found on the left or right side of the periodic chart of elements?
brittle
Non-metals break easier than metals. We say non-metals are weak or __________.
malleable
That something can be hammered into thin sheets if struck, rather than having it shatter.
mass
The _______ number of an atom is found by adding the protons and neutrons.
Group IA
The alkali Metals are in this group.
Group IIA
The alkaline-earth metals are in this group.
protons. NOTE - the number of neutrons and electrons can vary from atom to atom of an element BUT THE NUMBER OF PROTONS MUST STAY THE SAME (or it would be a different element)
The atomic number of an atom tell you the number of ___________.
nucleus
The center of an atom is called the _________________.
column or family
The elements that are the most alike are the ones in the same row or the same column?
valence electrons
The name for the electrons in the outer most orbital is the ______________ electrons.
electrons
The name for the small particles that zoom around the outside of an atom and has almost no mass.
energy level
The row an element is located in on the periodic table tells us its outermost _______ _______ in its electron configuration.
Why are the Noble Gases unreactive?
Their outer energy level of electrons is full. They do not react with any other elements because they don't need any electrons and don't want to give any away either.
atoms
These are the smallest building blocks of matter that make up everything.
Mendeleev
This scientist organized elements according to atomic mass and used the arrangement to predict the properties of missing elements.
Periods
What are the rows called?
Families or Groups
What are the vertical columns called? (2 names)
Group IA
What group of elements will form a cation with a +1 charge?
+1, -1, +3, -2 and 0
What is the ion charge on the following: Li, Br, Al, O and Kr
Alkali metals - they really want to give away the one valence electron that they have.
What metal family is the most reactive and why?
Halogens -because they only need only one more electron to reach 8 valence electrons.
What non-metal family is the most reactive and why?
element
When something is only made of one type of atom, it is called an _____________.
Along the staircase.
Where are the Metalloids (Semi-Metals) found on the Periodic Table"?
Hydrogen
Which element is a "One-of-a-Kind" and its most common isotope does not have any neutrons?
noble gases
Which family contains the non reactive gases?
alkali metals (group 1)
Which family of metals is the most chemically reactive?
non metals: because they want electrons
Which group of elements have high electronegativity and why
Group IIA
Which group of elements will form a cation with a +2 charge?
Group IIIA
Which group of elements will form a cation with a +3 charge?
Group VIIA
Which group of elements will form an anion with a -1 charge?
Group VIA
Which group of elements will form an anion with a -2 charge?
Group VA
Which group of elements will form an anion with a -3 charge?
Group VIIIA
Which group of elements will not form ions?
Groups 1 (alkali metals) and 17 (halogens)
Which groups on the periodic table are the most reactive?
metals because they give up their electrons easily to from cations
Which type of elements have loosely held valence electrons
metals and ionic compounds in molten state and when aq
Which type of substances conduct electricity
Protons and neutrons
_______ and _______ make up most of the mass of an atom.
gaining electrons
anions, negatively charged ions, form by
atomic mass
average mass of ONE atom of an element
losing electrons
cations, positively charged ions, form by
metals
elements that conduct electricity, are shiny, heat well and are easily shaped, solid at room temperature (except mercury)
nonmetals
elements the do not conduct electricity, are not shiny and do not conduct heat
-periods -there are 7
what are the horizontal rows called in the periodic table?
Cu +1 and Cu +2
write the formula for these 2 transition metals: Copper (I) and Copper (II)