PH Test 1 - Ch. 1,3,9,11,15,16

10 Rights of a pt

1. Medication 2. Pt 3. Dosage 4. Route 5. Time 6. Reason 7. Assessment 8. Documentation 9. Response 10. Educate the pt 11. Pt can refuse

PNS Cholinergic receptors

1. Muscarinic receptors... affect smooth muscles by lowering intraocular pressure for pt with glaucoma 2. Nicotinic receptors... affect skeletal muscles

How do you know when the Adrenergic system is activated?

Dilated pupils; increased resp, pulse and BP; flushing; decreased peristalsis; increased glucose levels(watch levels in hospital, increases the risk for infection)

Antagonist

Drug binds to receptor and prevents and response; blocks a response

sympathomimetic

Drug binds to receptors and mimics the response the neurotransmitter has on the receptor; direct, indirect and mixed.

Receptors

Drug binds with a receptor to elicit or block a response, the better the fit the better the response

Nonspecific drugs

Drug that affects multiple receptor sites; same type of receptor is located in multiple places and the drug affects all the receptor sites

Nonselective drugs

Drugs that affect various receptors; Med affects different types of receptor sites

Stimulating drug

Enhance intrinsic activity; Epinephrine

sympathetic nervous system (Adrenergic)

Fight or flight; norepinephrine is the neurotransmitter

Tetrahydrozoline

Glaucoma and eye exams stimulates alpha 1 receptors causing vasoconstriction and reduction in intraocular pressure and pupil dilation

autonomic nervous system

Goal= Homeostasis Functions independent; Pulse, BP, RR, Temp, Digestion

Irritant drug

Have a noxious effect; Astringents

Beta 2 Receptors Adrenergic SNS

Located in lungs, GI tract, Uterus, and liver Lungs = Bronchodilation GI tract = decrease in tone and motility uterus= relax the uterus's muscles liver = increases blood sugar

Beta 1 Receptors Adrenergic SNS

Located in the heart and kidneys stimulation... Heart = increased pulse and contractility Kidneys = increased renin secretion causes increases blood pressure

Alpha 1 Receptors Adrenergic SNS

Located in... and stimulating causes... Blood vessels = Vasoconstriction(increase in BP and contractility of the heart) Eyes = dilated pupils Bladder = relaxation of bladder Prostate = contraction

Alpha 2 Receptors Adrenergic SNS

Located in... stimulating causes... blocks norepinephrine Blood vessels= Vasodilation (decrease in blood pressure) Smooth muscles of the GI tract on presynaptic nerve membranes = decrease in gastric tone and motility (prevent nausea and vomiting)

Epinephrine

Nonselective = bind to all receptors goal= dilate bronchi alpha 1; increase BP beta1; increase pulse beta2; promotes bronchodilation

Atropine antidote

Physostigmine Symptoms of overdose... flushing dry skin and mucous membranes altered mental status fever

Antimicrobial drug

Prevent, inhibit, or kill infectious organisms; penicillin

Replacement drug

Replace essential bodily compounds; Insulin

Albuterol (Proventil)

Selective acts on beta 2 adrenergic receptors promotes bronchi dilation (beta 2 located in the lungs)

Direct acting cholinergic agonists

Selective to muscarinic receptors in the smooth muscles in heart, GI, GU & Glands Increase bronchi secretions 1. metoclopramide (Reglan)... nausea and GERD 2. pilocarpine (Pilocar)... Glaucoma 3. bethanechol chloride (Urecholine)...urinary retention causes pt to void

Cytotoxic drug

Selectively kills cancers or parasites; chemotherapy

Adrenergic (SNS) Neurotransmitters (catecholamines)

Short duration of action 1. Norepinephrine 2. Epinephrine 3. Dopamine

Phenylephrine

Topical nasal decongestant stimulates alpha 1 receptors causing vasoconstriction and reduction in nasal blood flow

Alpha adrenergic blockers

block alpha 1 receptors causing vasodilation (decrease in BP), tachycardia, pupil constriction, reduces contraction of smooth muscles in bladder neck and prostate. used to treat BPH enlarged prostate

Agonist

drug binds to the receptor; there is a response

parasympathomimetic drugs

drugs that enhance or mimic the function of the parasympathetic system

Anticholinergics

effects... decrease in GI motility, salvation, dilation of pupils, increased pulse, decreased bladder contraction resulting in urinary retention, decreased rigidity and muscle tremors, blurred vision

parasympathetic nervous system (Cholinergic) rest and digest

goal homeostasis and conserving energy neurotransmitter= Acetylcholine

Epinephrine antidote

phentolamine mesylate (Regitine)

Anticholinergics for motion sickness

scopolamine, dimenhydrinate, cyclizine, meclizine hydrochloride

Adrenergic Agonists

stimulate the sympathetic nervous system causing a response. ex... epi and albuterol

Pharmacokinetics

what the body does to the drug

Pharmacodynamics

what the drug does to the body

Beta adrenergic blockers

Beta 1 = reduces cardiac contractility, decreases pulse, decreases BP Beta 2 = Bronchoconstriction, contracts uterus, inhibits glycogenolysis (glycogen into glucose)

Adrenergic Antagonists

Block response directly by occupying the receptor sites.

Indirect acting cholinergic agonists

Complications... dry mouth tachycardia blurred vision

Depressive drug

Decrease neutral activity and bodily function; Opioid analgesics

Atropine (anticholinergic)

Action... increased pulse, decreased motility and peristalsis, decrease in salivary secretions. do not use for glaucoma.

Adrenergic (SNS) receptors

Alpha 1 alpha 2 beta 1 beta 2

Half-life

Amount of time the drug takes to be broken down by the body; ex... 50mg after 24hours = 50mg...(8hrs) 25mg...(8hrs) 12.5...(8hrs) 6.25mg

Indications for Beta adrenergic blockers

Angina, dysrhythmias, hypertension ex... atenolol, carvedilol, labetalol, metoprolol

When to use Albuterol

Asthma and bronchitis stimulates beta 2 receptors causing bronchodilation

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Autonomic nervous system (Sympathetic and Parasympathetic) and Somatic nervous system