Physical Science HW Chap 24 and 25
Why has the salinity of the ocean remained approximately constant over billions of years? If salt were only added to the ocean, its salinity would rise.
Salts are deposited by decaying organisms, sediment disposition, and other factors. But this occurs about as fast as salts are removed by precipitation and other mechanisms.
What is another name for a drainage basin?
Watershed
Which of the following statements about wave period is most accurate?
Wave period is the inverse of wave frequency.
How are wave period and wavelength related?
Waves with shorter periods have shorter wavelengths.
Your friend says that groundwater is a nonrenewable resource. Do you agree?
Yes, groundwater can take thousands or millions of years to recharge.
You are at the beach. You see a sea cave, a sea arch, and a sea stack. Put these three landforms in order from oldest to youngest. Rank the landforms from oldest to youngest.
Youngest -The Sea Cave -The Sea Arch -The Sea Stack Oldest A sea cave becomes a sea arch when its soft or fractured rock is weathered and eroded by ocean waves. Then, when the bridge portion of a sea arch is weathered and eroded by ocean waves, the remaining rock forms sea stacks. So at the moment, you are seeing these landforms, the stack is the oldest one and the cave is youngest one.
What is a floodplain?
a flat surface next to a river channel
About what percentage is in groundwater?
about 20%
Approximately what percentage of Earth's freshwater is frozen in ice caps and glaciers?
about 80%
What percentage of the world's glacial ice is included in the Antarctic Ice Sheet?
about 90%
Where is most of Earth's freshwater found?
as ice at Earth's surface
What is the water that resides in the saturation zone called?
groundwater
Where is most of Earth's fresh water?
ice caps and glaciers
Where is most of Earth's water?
in the oceans
About what percentage is in streams and lakes?
less 1%
Identify the landforms produced by deposition from ocean waves. Check all that apply. headlands sea caves scalloped shorelines spits sea arches sandbars
sandbars scalloped shorelines spits
Where are all the pore spaces in rocks and sediments filled with water?
saturation zone
What is the wavelength?
the distance between consecutive wave crests or troughs
What is the wave height?
the distance between the highest and lowest part of the wave
What is the crest of a wave?
the highest part of the wave
What is the trough of a wave?
the lowest part of the wave
What is the wave period?
the time it takes for one wavelength of a wave to pass a particular point
Describe the overall topography of the ocean floor.
It is varied, featuring expansive flat areas (abyssal plains) but also towering seamounts and trenches.
Rank these soils in order of increasing particle size: silty loam, clay loam, sandy loam, sand. Rank from smallest to largest. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.
Largest- Sand Sandy Loam Silty Loam Clay Loam Smallest-
Rank these agents of erosion from most powerful to least powerful, in terms of total sediment moved: wind, glaciers, running water, gravity alone. Rank most powerful to least powerful.
Most Powerful -Running Water -Glaciers -Gravity -Wind Least Powerful
What is another name for this kind of glacier?
Ice sheet
What is Earth's highest point?
Mt. Everest
How high is it? Mt.Everest
8848 m
What percentage of it resides there?
97.6%
What are the characteristics of a flow?
A flow is the chaotic movement of unconsolidated material that mixes together as it moves, like a fluid.
What are the characteristics of a slide?
A slide is the downhill motion of a cohesive mass of material along a clearly defined surface or plane.
What happens to rainwater when it falls to Earth?
About 75% of it evaporates immediately; most of the rest soaks into the ground; whatever is left becomes runoff.
What's the most common cause of mass wasting events?
Absorption of rainwater
Why are faults worth knowing about? Check the four options that apply.
Affect the movement of groundwater. Most earthquakes are located along faults. Indicate subsurface deposits of resources including fossil fuels. They provide clues about Earth's geologic history.
_____ is the largest sediments that are dragged and bounce along the streambed.
Bed load
What type of glacier can cover vast portions of flat land?
Continental glacier
What does the hydrologic cycle describe?
The hydrologic cycle describes how liquid and gaseous water move between the ocean, atmosphere, and land.
What would happen to the oceans if surface runoff and groundwater flow did NOT occur?
The oceans would become smaller.
A wave does not transport water molecules toward the shore. What does a wave transport shoreward?
Energy
Give an example of the folded mountains.
Himalayas, Appalachians and Rockies
What are the three different types of volcanoes? Check the three options that apply.
-Shield Volcanoes -Composite Volcanoes -Cinder Cones
How deep is it? (The Mariana Trench)
11033 -11034 m
How does water get from the oceans onto land?
Ocean water evaporates to form gaseous water and moves into the atmosphere, where it condenses into liquid water and falls out of the atmosphere to land as rain.
What is the difference between a plain and a plateau?
Plateaus are elevated more than 600 m above sea level while plains are not desribed by elevation.
What are the four major agents of change that create and destroy landforms? Check the four options that apply.
Running Water, Gravity, Ice and Wind.
Give an example of the volcano.
Sunset Crater
_____ is sediments carried in suspension that make the stream look cloudy.
Suspended load
What is Earth's lowest point?
The Mariana Trench
Where are most of the volcanoes on Earth located?
The Ring of Fire encircles much of the Pacific Ocean.
Give an example of the fault-block mountains.
The Sierra Nevada in California and Teton Range in Wyoming
What would happen to atmospheric water if Earth were mostly covered with land?
The atmosphere would contain less water.
What force drives the hydrologic cycle?
The force of gravity. The force of gravity drives the hydrologic cycle. Evaporation and condensation are not forces.
What do sinkholes and caverns have in common?
They are both created by groundwater dissolving rock underground.
Identify one landform produced by glacial erosion
U-shaped valleys
Name four types of mountains, classified by common structural features. Check the four options that apply.
Uwarped Mountations Foloded Mountains Fault-Block Mountations Volcano