Physics Chap 11

How many types of atoms can you expect to find in a pure sample of any element?

1

What is the difference between an element and a chemical compound?

An element consists of only one type of atom.

Which is the smallest particle listed below? a molecule an atom a proton a neutron a quark

a quark

A molecule has mass. structure. energy. all of these. none of these.

all of these.

Nuclei of atoms that make up a newborn baby were made in a) the mother's womb. b) the food the mother eats before giving birth. c) ancient stars. d) the Earth. e) none of these

ancient stars.

When an alpha particle is ejected from a nucleus, the nucleus then has less A) mass. B) charge. C) both of these . D) neither of these.

both of these .

Which of these forces determines the chemical properties of an atom? a. friction force b. electrical force c. nuclear force d. gravitational force e. none

electrical force

What causes an atom to emit light?

heat/electricity

Are most elements metallic or nonmetallic?

metallic

35) As atoms get more massive, they become smaller in size because A) more mass means more protons, which act to pull electrons in closer to the nucleus. B) their mass becomes more concentrated. C) more massive atoms have a greater number of atomic shells. D) but they don't!

more mass means more protons, which act to pull electrons in closer to the nucleus.

Which of the following are electrically neutral? A) electron B) proton C) neutron D) none of these

neutron

Atoms heavier than hydrogen were made by

nuclear fusion.

Solid matter is mostly empty space. The reason solids don't fall through one another is because atoms are constantly vibrating, even at absolute zero. of nuclear forces. of gravitational forces. of electrical forces. none of these.

of electrical forces.

A solid is not considered fluid because A) its atoms or molecules are under too much pressure. B) of the heavy nature of its atoms or molecules. C) of the fixed arrangement of its atoms or molecules. D) its atoms or molecules are bound as close together as possible.

of the fixed arrangement of its atoms or molecules.

The atomic number of an element is the same as the number of its A) electron B) proton C) neutron D) none of these

protons.

Most of the radioactivity we personally encounter comes from

the natural environment.

compared to the atom that make up the body of an elderly person, the atoms that make up the body of a newborn baby are

the same age

)How many different elements are in a water molecule? A)one B)two C)three D)four E)none

two

Which of these atoms has the greatest amount of electrical charge in its nucleus ? A)hydrogen B)iron C)lead D)uranium

uranium

Which of these atoms has the most mass? A)hydrogen B)iron C)lead D)uranium

uranium

Which electrons are most responsible for the properties of an atom?

valence

If an atom has 43 electrons, 56 neutrons, and 43 protons, what is its approximate atomic mass? What is the name of this element? A) Atomic mass 142 amu; Einsteinium (Es) B) Atomic mass, 99 amu; Radon (Ra) C) Atomic mass, 137 amu; Barium (Ba) D) Atomic mass, 99 amu; Technetium (Tc)

Atomic mass, 99 amu; Technetium (Tc)

What is the most abundant element in the known universe? a. Nitrogen b. Oxygen c. Hydrogen d. Carbon e. Water

Hydrogen

Why are the atomic masses listed in the periodic table not whole numbers? A) The atomic masses are average atomic masses. B) Scientists have yet to make the precise measurements. C) That would be too much of a coincidence. D) Today's instruments are able to measure the atomic masses to many decimal places.

The atomic masses are average atomic masses

How is a physical change different from a chemical change?

The chemical identity of a substance is not altered during a physical change.

Radioactivity in the world is something

as old as the world itself.

What is at the center of every atom?

atomic nucleus

31) Elements of the periodic table are listed in order of A) atomic number. B) atomic mass. C) atomic size. D) all of the above.

atomic number.

Distinguish between an atom and an element.

atoms make up elements

the chemical proprieties of matter comes mostly

electrons

Which has more potential energy: an electron close to an atomic nucleus or one far from an atomic nucleus?

far

Is it possible to see an atom using visible light?

no

What makes an element distinct?

the number of protons

Which of these atoms has the greatest number of electrons A)hydrogen B)iron C)lead D)uranium

uranium

If two protons are removed from an oxygen nucleus, the result is A) carbon (C). B) nitrogen (N). C) helium (He). D) neon (Ne)

carbon

Which of these atoms has the most mass? A)hydrogen B)iron C)lead D)uranium E)All have the same mass.

uranium

Distinguish between atomic number and mass number.

Atomic number A count of the number of protons in the atomic nucleus Mass # is the sum of all electrons portions and neutrons

How is a physical change different from a chemical change? A) The chemical identity of a substance is not altered during a physical change. B) A physical change involves changes in chemical properties. C) The chemical identity of a substance is altered during a physical change. D) The physical properties of a substance are not altered during a chemical change

The chemical identity of a substance is not altered during a physical change.

What is the relationship between the maximum number of electrons each shell can hold and the number of elements in each period of the periodic table?

capacity

30) With increasing atomic number, the atomic size of elements A) decreases gradually with periodic sudden increases. B) increases gradually with periodic sudden drops. C) decreases continuously. D) increases continuously.

decreases gradually with periodic sudden increases.

The components of a mixture are most efficiently separated from one another based upon their A) similarities in chemical properties. B) similarities in physical properties. C) differences in physical properties. D) differences in chemical properties.

differences in physical properties.

The volume of matter mostly comes from its A) electron B) proton C) neutron D) none of these

electrons

When an element undergoes nuclear transmutation, the result is a completely different A) ion of the same element. B) isotope of the same element. C) element.

element.

Which is the oldest element? a)lead. b)uranium. c)hydrogen. d)plutonium.

hydrogen

What role does atomic number play in the periodic table?

identity

29) With increasing atomic number, the ionization energy of elements A) increases gradually with periodic sudden drops. B) decreases continuously. C) increases continuously. D) decreases gradually with periodic sudden increases.

increases gradually with periodic sudden drops.

Generally speaking, the larger a nucleus is, the greater its...? A) stability B) instability C) neither stability nor instability

instability

In both fission and fusion, mass A) is changed to the form of kinetic energy. B) remains the same. C) is created from energy.

is changed to the form of kinetic energy.

Which has the greatest number of protons in its nucleus? A) lead B) gold C) mercury D) silver

lead

Which has the greatest number of protons in its nucleus? A) silver (Ag) B) mercury (Hg) C) gold (Au) D) lead (Pb)

lead (Pb)

Different isotopes of an element have different numbers of A) electron B) proton C) neutron D) none of these

neutrons.

Different isotopes of an element have different numbers of A) electrons B) protons C) neutrons D) none of these

neutrons.

22) When two different elements combine to form a compound, the resulting properties of the compound are A) about the average of the properties of the two elements. B) not necessarily anything like those of the elements. C) predictable based upon the nature of the combining elements. D) most like the element given in the greatest amount.

not necessarily anything like those of the elements.

Atoms heavier than hydrogen were made by A)photosynthesis. B)nuclear fusion. C)radiant energy conversion. D)radioactivity. E)none of these

nuclear fusion.

the weight of matter comes mostly from its neutrons protons electrons

protons

3)There are about as many atoms of air in our lungs at any moment as there are breaths of air in the atmosphere of A)a large auditorium. B)a large city. C)the United States. D)the whole world. E)none of these

the whole world.

a sample of radioactive material would be

warm