Prep U's

A nurse is planning a health fair in the community to highlight promotion and prevention of the leading cause of death in the United States. Which disease process should the nurse address?

Coronary artery disease explanation Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Lung cancer, emphysema, and cerebrovascular accidents are not the leading causes of death in the United States.

A parent brings a 2-year-old child for a well-baby visit. Which actions address primary prevention strategies for the nurse to discuss with the parent? Select all that apply.

Discussing healthy meal choices for a 2-year-old child Adhering to the immunization schedule Reviewing appropriate discipline for a 2-year-old child Using a child safety seat appropriately

Which definition of health is the best?

Health is a state of complete well-being.

A nurse is caring for a client who has COPD, a chronic illness of the lungs. The client is in remission. Which statement best describes a period of remission in a client with a chronic illness?

Symptoms are not experienced.

Which model is most useful in examining the cause of disease in an individual, based upon external factors?

The Agent-Host-Environment Model

A teenaged client reports having diarrhea before every test in school. The nurse recognizes that this client needs to focus on which dimension of health?

Emotional dimension

What is the definition of wellness?

An active state of being healthy

A client comes to the emergency room complaining of abdominal pain, fever, chills, and nausea. Upon further examination the client is diagnosed with appendicitis. What type of illness does the nurse identify this client to have?

Acute explanation Acute illness has a rapid onset and lasts only a short time. Chronic illness is a term that encompasses many different physical and mental alterations in health, and usually requires a long period of care and support. Appendicitis is not contagious. Tertiary is not a term used for illnesses.

Which nursing activity reflects secondary prevention?

Making a referral for a mammogram

A nurse is caring for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nurse explains to the client that COPD is a chronic disease. Why is COPD considered a chronic disease?

It has a gradual onset and lasts for a long time. explanation Chronic illness has a gradual onset and lasts for a long time. It is usually seen in old age. It may or may not be due to acute illness. Chronic diseases are a major cause of morbidity in the population.

A 48-year-old client was just diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The client has a body mass index of 35 and leads a sedentary lifestyle. The nurse informs the client of risk factors for the diagnosis and the need to change diet and exercise behavior. Which client statement indicates a need for further teaching?

"There is nothing that can be done anyway; chronic diseases cannot be prevented." Explanation The major causes of chronic diseases are known, and if these risk factors were eliminated, over 80% of cases of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes would be prevented and over 40% of cases of cancer would be prevented. Of the ten leading causes of death in the United States, seven are chronic illnesses. The statement that the client should start slow on an exercise program approved by the client's healthcare provider is true.

What are some examples of healthy self-care behaviors everyone should adopt? Select all that apply.

Sleeping 7 to 8 hours each night Eating regular healthy meals Maintaining an ideal body weight

A nurse observes that a client who has pneumonia is in the recovery and rehabilitation stage of the illness. Which statement describes the client response that the nurse would expect at this stage of the illness?

The client gives up the dependent role. Explaination In the recovery and rehabilitation stage, known as Stage 4, the person gives up the dependent role and resumes normal activities and responsibilities. The client would not seek medical attention, assume a dependent role, or recognize symptoms of illness in this stage. Stage 1 is when the client would recognize symptoms of the illness. Stage 2 is when the client would seek medical attention. Stage 3 is when the client would assume a dependent role.

Risk factors for illness are divided into six categories. Working with carcinogenic chemicals is an example of which type of risk factor?

Environmental risk factor

A client has been admitted to the hospital for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, with a random blood glucose reading of 575 mg/dL (31.91 mmol/L), vomiting, and shortness of breath. This client has experienced which phenomenon?

Exacerbation Explanation This client has experienced a significant exacerbation of a chronic disease (diabetes mellitus), which has manifested as an acute threat to the client's health. Morbidity is an epidemiological statistic of the frequency of a disease. The client's problem does not have an infectious etiology. A risk factor is any attribute, characteristic, or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury.

Which needs are being met when a nurse recommends a senior citizen community center for an older client who is living alone?

Sociocultural needs

A client comes to the health center for a routine visit. During the visit, the client tells the nurse, "I'm motivated to do things now to make sure I'm the healthiest I can be." When planning this client's care, the nurse should focus on which area?

Health promotion explaination Health promotion is the behavior of a person who is motivated by a personal desire to increase well-being and health potential. In contrast, illness/disease prevention, also called health protection, is behavior motivated by a desire to avoid or detect disease or to maintain functioning within the constraints of an illness or disability. Self-concept incorporates both how people feel about themselves (self-esteem) and the way they perceive their physical self (body image). Diagnosis of disease involves a medical aspect such that a disease is traditionally diagnosed—and treatment is prescribed—by a physician or advanced practice nurse, whereas nurses focus on the person with an illness.

While providing client care, a nurse determines that a client adheres to the health belief model. What would the nurse need to assess as a factor possibly affecting the client's response to illness?

Personality characteristics explaination The health belief model provides insight into the connection between the way a person sees one's own state of health, and that person's response to health, illness, and treatment. According to the health belief model, personality characteristics affect the person's response to illness. Nutritional awareness, stress management, and environmental sensitivity are wellness behaviors that promote healthy functioning and help prevent illness.

The nurse is preparing to talk to a local community group regarding chronic illness. The nurse informs the group that both external and internal factors influence a person's health. When discussing the fact that the male client has a higher chance of developing lung cancer due to his gender, which dimension is the nurse referring to

Physical dimension