Psych 104 ch 13

Alcohol use disorder

13b: (popularly known as alcoholism). Alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and a drive to continue problematic use.

Conditioning

13b: Andrea experiences extreme anxiety when she approaches any lake. Her therapist suggests that her fear is the result of a traumatic childhood boating accident. The therapist's suggestion reflects a _____ perspective.

obsessive compulsive disorder

13b: At some point in Don's life, he became one of those people who crossed the line from normal preoccupations and fussiness to his current debilitating condition known as:

obsessive compulsive

13b: At some point in Fernando's life, he became one of those people who crossed the line from normal preoccupations and fussiness to his current debilitating condition known as _____ disorder.

Larger

13b: Augustus has chronic back pain and has started taking powerful pain medication to alleviate the pain. His doctor told him to take one pill every 4 hours, which seemed to manage the pain at first. Now, Augustus finds that he needs to take a(n) _____ dose of medication to relieve the pain.

Tolerance

13b: Benny enjoys the feelings created by drinking alcohol. However, over the last several years he has noticed that it takes more and more alcohol to create the desired effects. This phenomenon may be the result of:

flashbacks, PTSD

13b: Bradley served two tours of duty during the war in Iraq. Since his return home, however, Bradley finds himself reliving many of his experiences from his time in the Armed Forces. Sometimes he swears he smells gun fire and feels the terror of being shot at. Bradley is most likely suffering _____ associated with _____.

generalized anxiety

13b: By age 50, _____ disorder becomes rare.

Increased energy

13b: Corey is trying to cut back on his consumption of caffeinated beverages. He will experience headaches, irritability, and depression, but he will not experience _____.

Biopsychsocial

13b: Dr. Brooks has a client who suffers from substance abuse. In therapy, she suggests that his abusive home environment, limited sense of life purpose, and deficient dopamine reward circuits might account for his abuse. Dr. Brooks is most clearly using a(n) _____ approach to understanding addictive behaviors.

decrease

13b: Nicotine triggers a(n) _____ in anxiety and an increase in mental alertness.

obsessive compulsive disorder

13b: Sally is focused on cleaning her home, which she does for 3 to 4 hours per day. In particular, the fringe on her rugs must be straight on both sides in all five rooms. This takes considerable time and she often repeats this 10 to 12 times per day in addition to her ritualistic cleaning. Her experience is most symptomatic of:

generalized anxiety disorder

13b: Sigmund Freud described this disorder as free-floating anxiety.

Agoraphobia

13b: Susan has been diagnosed with panic disorder and refuses to leave her home without her husband. She fears any situation in which she cannot escape or find help when a panic attack would strike. Susan suffers from panic disorder as well as:

Ecstacy

13b: This drug became popular in the 1990s in nightclubs and all-night raves.

Stimulus generalization

13b: This occurs, for example, when a person who is attacked by a fierce dog later develops a fear of all dogs.

conditioning

13b: Verniece experiences extreme anxiety when she approaches any lake. Her therapist suggests that her fear is the result of a traumatic childhood boating accident. The therapist's suggestion reflects a _____ perspective.

Panic disorder

13b: _____ is to anxiety as a hurricane is to a windy day.

Psychoactive drugs

13b: a chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood.

Post traumatic stress disorder

13b: a disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia lingering for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience.

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

13b: a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions).

LSD

13b: a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide).

Methamphetamine

13b: a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels.

Nicotine

13b: a stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco.

Ecstacy

13b: a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition.

MDMA

13b: a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition.

near death experience

13b: an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations.

Generalized anxiety disorder

13b: an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, fearful, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.

Phobias

13b: an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation.

Panic Disorder

13b: an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person may experience terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations, followed by worry about a possible next attack.

Addiction

13b: compulsive craving of drugs or certain behaviors (such as gambling) despite known harmful consequences.

Substance use disorder

13b: continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and/or physical risk.

Depressants

13b: drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce (depress) neural activity and slow body functions.

Stimulant

13b: drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, Ecstasy, and methamphetamines) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.

Barbiturate

13b: drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment.

Amphetamines

13b: drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes.

Opiates

13b: opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety.

Hallucinogens

13b: psychedelic ("mind-manifesting") drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.

Anxiety Disorders

13b: psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.

Withdrawal

13b: the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing an addictive drug or behavior.

THC

13b: the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations.

Tolerance

13b: with repeated use, the desired effect requires larger doses.

flat affect

13c: A major characteristic of schizophrenia is inappropriate emotion. For example, some people suffering from schizophrenia exhibit ____, often described as a "zombielike" state of apparent apathy.

Negative

13c: A person with schizophrenia who has __________ (positive/negative) symptoms may have an expressionless face and toneless voice.

memory

13c: A sudden loss of _____ is one symptom of a dissociative disorder.

bulimia

13c: Belinda appears to be a normal average 14-year-old adolescent. She socializes with her friends and spends her time listening to music and watching movies. Unknown to her parents and friends, Belinda will sometimes binge on large amounts of food and then either vomit or use laxatives to purge herself of the extra calories. Belinda most likely suffers from:

7 in 10

13c: Billy has an identical twin that was recently diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Research suggests that the chances are _____ that Billy will also suffer from bipolar disorder at some point in his life.

positive symptoms

13c: Frank was seen laughing inappropriately in the library as if he was responding to internal stimuli. On the bus home, he was crying uncontrollably and suddenly became angered when a fellow passenger offered him a tissue. His excess of inappropriate behavior is known as:

30,000

13c: In the United States, there are _____ suicides annually.

split from reality

13c: Jared has not read the chapter on psychological disorders, so he misunderstands some basic facts. For example, he believes that schizophrenia refers to a multiple personality split rather than a:

antisocial personality disorder

13c: Kyle is extremely manipulative. He can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly. His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him, but he is indifferent to their suffering as a result of his actions. His behavior best illustrates:

no disorder

13c: Mr. Hoffman has always been cautious with his money. But, over the past 2 weeks, he has developed grandiose plans to bet his entire savings on a single horse race. With unrestrained exuberance he has also been giving everybody he sees unsolicited advice on how to make millions in the stock market. Mr. Hoffman's behavior is most indicative of:

11 percent

13c: One study looking at the brains of violent repeat offenders found that their brains had _____ frontal lobe tissue than a normal brain. This helps explain why these people exhibit deficits in cognitive functions such as planning, organization, and inhibition.

bipolar

13c: Renold has a fraternal twin who was recently diagnosed with _____ disorder. Research suggests that the chances are 2 in 10 that Renold will also suffer from this disorder at some point in his life.

negative symptoms

13c: Victor's mother is frustrated because she cannot get Victor involved in any activities. Although he has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, she still expects him to do things around the house. But, most days he sits in a chair, with no expression on his face. This type of absence of appropriate behavior is known as:

Dissociative identity disorder

13c: a controversial, rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Formerly called multiple personality disorder.

Dissociative disorders

13c: a disorder in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.

major depressive disorder

13c: a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure.

bipolar disorder

13c: a mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. (Formerly called manic-depressive disorder.)

antisocial personality disorder

13c: a personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members; may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.

schizophrenia

13c: a psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression.

anorexia nervosa

13c: an eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight; sometimes accompanied by excessive exercise

bulimia nervosa

13c: an eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating (usually of highcalorie foods) with purging (by vomiting or laxative use), fasting, or excessive exercise.

personality disorders

13c: an inflexible and enduring behavior pattern that impairs social functioning.

delusions

13c: false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany schizophrenia and other disorders.

mood disorders

13c: psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. See major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.

binge eating disorder

13c: significant binge eating, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the purging, fasting, or excessive exercise that marks bulimia nervosa.