Quiz (13-19) Questions

True or false: Individuals may use a transliterator to communicate at school or work

True

True or false: People who use Cued Speech may still rely on residual hearing

True

True or false: Results suggested that early-identified children with severe hearing loss outperformed late-identified children with mild hearing loss

True

True or false: The hand cues in cued speech attempt to resolve the challenges associated with speechreading

True

UNHS means what?

Universal Newborn Hearing Screening

As of 2003, why was there little prospective research on outcomes of infants and toddlers with hearing loss?

Until around the 1990s, the average age of identification of hearing loss was approximately 2 years of age

If I were trying to ascertain a child's functioning in his preschool classroom and wanted to get teachers' input, I would consider giving the:

Preschool SIFTER

Congenital, as it relates to deafness, means:

Present at birth

The three main variables to consider with respect to classroom acoustics are:

Reverberation, noise levels and distance between teacher and student

Degree of hearing loss: PTA; audibility: _______

SII

Although this form of manual communication is not common across the United States, it is still used at the Iowa School for the Deaf.

Seeing Essential English

A child is presented with an array of three objects varying in manner in initial position and asked to point to one of the objects in an auditory only condition (show me bat/cat/rat). According to Chute and Nevins, this would be called what kind of task?

Segmental identification

True or false: Holte et al found that Severity of hearing loss affects timeliness of service delivery (e.g., confirmation of hearing loss, hearing aid fitting, entry into early intervention)

False

Claire has difficulty including plural markers and mixes up pronouns during conversation. She is having difficulty with what aspect of language:

Form

What makes it difficult to get families to follow up, after their child fails the newborn hearing screen?

They see their infant responding to sounds and think there isn't a problem with hearing.

True or False: Because of a decreasing age of identification and improvements in hearing assistive technology, more families are choosing to emphasize spoken language development since the early 2000s.

True

When researchers evaluate better outcomes of communication skills in comparison to age of implantation, there is substantial report in more recent studies for and better outcomes associated with implants

by age two

For hearing and hearing impaired listeners, what happens to mean word recognition scores as reverberation time increases?

decreases

For a young baby, according to Easterbrooks and Estes, the main brain task that is important is:

detection

EHDI means what?

early hearing detection and intervention

True or false: Hearing loss does not impact educational outcomes in children with mild hearing loss.

false

True or false: The self-contained classroom is the most commonly utilized instructional setting for educating children who are hard of hearing.

false

According to the text, the least efficient form of manual communication is

fingerspelling

The day-to-day management of amplification in the classroom depends primarily on:

teachers

Children with hearing loss have more limited access to vocabulary because:

they miss out on incidental learning

True or False: Children with cochlear implants may produce unusual speech errors, including the production of non-English sounds.

true

Which of the following can influence families of a child with hearing loss in a positive way?

upport parental self-confidence Promote or support responsive communication interactions

What was the most common reason for delays in the EDHI process?

Multiple rescreenings

ABR means what?

Auditory Brainstem Response

Reverberation time is a value used to indicate the amount of time it takes for a sound to decay 60 dB from onset. For optimal perception of speech RT should not exceed:

.3 sec

In connection with hearing aid adjustment, it may be helpful for the AR therapist to use the six-sound test described by Daniel Ling. They are:

/u/, /a/, /i/, /sh/, /s/, /m/

What are the 1-3-6 benchmarks, as described by JCIH and AAP?

1- screened, 3-confirmation, 6-early intervention

Jamal is a 15 month old with newly diagnosed severe to profound bilateral SNHL. You just saw him for an audiological appointment. During the evaluation, you heard him verbally producing: "ee", "uh oh", and "baba" for mama. You might expect him in a few months to produce which of the following first?

Different vowels and consonant combinations

A 3 to 4 year old child is responsive to a wide variety of sounds at approximately what level?

10 dB HL

Children with a unilateral hearing loss are ______ more likely to fail a grade by age 10 compared to children with normal hearing.

10 times more

An SII of ___ represents full audibility of the speech spectrum while an SII of ____ represents no audibility of the speech spectrum.

100, 0

Newborn hearing screening identifies hearing loss in about how many out of every 1000 newborns?

3

JCIH guidelines has the intended goal of 1) confirmation of hearing loss and 2) initiation of services by what ages?

3 months, 6 months

What is the recommended level for an unoccupied regular education classroom?

35dB

What percent of children with hearing loss have other handicapping conditions that can impact speech-language development?

40

While numbers vary depending on the criteria used, there are approximately ____ children who are deaf in the U.S. educational system. A study from the University of Iowa reported that over ____ of them receive special education services.

50,000; 90%

Yoshinaga-Itano et al. (1998) found significantly better language competence for children whose hearing loss was identified by:

6 months

Between _____ months, typically-developing children produce speech sound combinations called reduplicated babbling.

6-10 months

What is a typical noise level for a regular classroom?

60 dBA

You are working with a newly implanted 14-‐year-‐old 9th grade student. He has been deaf since birth. When you are selecting therapy materials to work on speech production tasks, you decide that the best materials would be:

A science worksheet that is due in a week: you select words that have his target speech sounds and he practices those while he completes his homework OR Talking to each of his teachers and seeing what words they feel that he needs to know for that subject

Explain why a child would have a lower predicted speech recognition score than an adult with the same SII.

Adults have increased lexical knowledge

Which of the following is not correct relative to usage of CIs for children?

All implanted children, regardless of age of implantation, continue to struggle in task transitions from more structured to more spontaneous listening situations

Language tests normed on normal-hearing children:

Allows one to compare abilities of children with hearing loss to same-age hearing peers

Federal law requires an IFSP for infants and toddlers with disabilities. If you were working with a baby with hearing loss, which of the following information might be provided on the IFSP?

Assessments conducted with the child Related services this child might qualify for Transition planning

Josie, age 23 months, is beginning to combine words. She primarily uses phrases such as "big cookie" and "silly doggie" in her interactions at home. What type of semantic syntactic word classes has Josie mastered?

Attribute + Entity

Which of the following is the correct auditory skills development sequence?

Awareness, listening from a distance, locating, discrimination, identification, comprehension

ENL families with CI children are challenging for CI teams in This is due to

Difficulty understanding the medical system Difficulty understanding the education system for their child Lack of qualified personnel with awareness of cultural differences/language difference

The term deaf (lower case d) is synonymous with:

Bilateral profound hearing loss

The approach in which ASL is developed as the child's first language is:

Bilingual-bicultural

The authors discuss a clinical "conundrum" that audiologists face, using as an example one of the participants in the study. What was the problem they described?

Casey's hearing loss was severe, and even though his hearing aids were fit to prescriptive targets, his aided audibility was still very low.

The smallest meaningful unit in sign language is referred to as a

Chereme

Perhaps the single most important consideration regarding educational placement of a deaf or hard of hearing child is the:

Communication method used

Cornett:______ as Bornstein:______

Cued Speech; Signed English

In this chapter, what prescriptive method is described as a procedure for fitting hearing aids in children?

DSL

How often should a student's hearing aid be monitored by school personnel?

Daily

What is an example of a non-malleable factor?

Degree of HL

Jason, age 16 months, has been using his hearing aids since he was 8.5 months old. Which of the following listening tasks is he most likely engaged in?

Detection Discrimination Identification

In the section on cognition and language, the authors describe a seminal study by Yoshinaga-Itano et al. (1998). What was the primary finding of that study?

Early-identified children with additional disabilities had language outcomes that were similar to late-identified children with no disabilities

Which of the following are common intervention areas for SLPs working with children with HL in the school setting?

Expanding world knowledge and semantic mapping of vocabulary Developing problem-‐solving and verbal reasoning skills Improving study skills such as note-‐taking

True or False: According to McConkey Robbins, cochlear implantation and its technology provide create the opportunities for meaning to be established in spoken language.

False

True or False: Advantages gained by early identification only occur in children who are exposed to an auditory-oral intervention approach

False

True or False: Formal testing of children with implants helps to clarify performance in communication particularly on more subtle, higher level linguistic tasks required for complex conversation.

False

True or False: Pure tone average is a consistent predictor of language performance for children with hearing loss.

False

True or False: The OCHL study is an epidemiological study conducted from three universities that hopes to inform practices that lead to differences in outcomes for children who are deaf.

False

True or False: The majority of children in the Holte et al. study met all 1-3-6 guidelines for children who fail the newborn hearing screen.

False

True or False: Two deaf signers from the United States and Great Britain meet at a conference. They should have little difficulty communicating with one another, because sign language is universal.

False

True or false: Cued speech is based on letters

False

Johnnie is working on his speech production skills. He practiced saying "key", then moved to "keep", then was successful on the phrase "I keep it". His clinician then had him make up a sentence with the word "keep". He responded with: "Keep. I have keep". As his SLP, a good next step on the ladder of speech training skills would be:

Have him try to imitate a sentence that the clinician creates "keep up the good work"

Identify one limitation of the Fulcher et al. study, as stated by the authors

High maternal education level, EI group had access to better technology

Components of early intervention programs for children with hearing loss typically include:

Home visits, Child-centered therapy, Preschool settings

IDEA stands for __________ and is the current version of a law passed in 1975 called the _________.

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act; Education of All Handicapped Children Act

Children in the Fulcher et al. study who failed to attend therapy sessions or did not wear their sensory aid on a consistent basis were excluded from the data analysis. What affect does this exclusion have when determining the effects of auditory-verbal therapy (AVT) on language outcomes?

It biases the results in favor of AVT

What was a difference between the OCHL study conducted in the US and the Longitudinal Outcomes of Children with Hearing Impairment (LOCHI) study conducted through National Acoustics Laboratory in Australia?

LOCHI included children with additional disabilities

How should we define Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) for children with hearing loss?

LRE is essentially open to interpretation and remains imprecise

Historically, the research literature has demonstrated the impact of late-identified hearing loss on school age children with findings of poorer_____

Lexical-semantic skills Syntactic-morphological skills Pragmatic skills

Johnny is a new CI user. His audiologist has encouraged his family to play hide and seek with him and call his name from different locations in the house. This will work on WHICH auditory skill in Erber's listening hierarchy?

Locating/Localization

If an SLP or audiologist is using adaptive strategies with a child, he/she might engage in which of the following behaviors:

Looking for changes in behaviors and adjusting to meet the child's needs

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for hearing loss in newborns?

Low socioeconomic status

Compared to the oral-aural approach, the auditory verbal approach:

Makes an effort during AR to remove visual cues and encourage parental involvement

School-based audiologic rehabilitative services can include:

Management of amplification Hearing conservation Transition planning

Being able to interpret as well as signal subtle emotional cues with your voice is sometimes difficult for children with hearing loss. This can lead to:

Negative reactions from others when things are misunderstood; Difficulty with social nuances such as interpreting sarcasm; Caregivers/SLPS to work on scripting responses in social situations

One problem with newborn hearing screening not identifying children with true hearing losses may be:

Newborn hearing screening may result in false negatives

With advances in early intervention and hearing aid technology, what can we expect to see in terms of early vocalizations in children with hearing loss?

Normal progression through the stages of early vocal development, Fewer multisyllabic utterances with consonants

Cued speech is:

Not a language at all but rather a visual support system to help with speechreading

Children who can respond to phrases such as "see you later" or "what are you doing?" are engaging in:

Open-‐set comprehension tasks

OAE means what?

Otoacoustic emissions

Recent technological advances allow for identification of hearing loss soon after birth through the use of which two objective tests?

Otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem response

The reason that early intervention services occur most frequently in the home or in a natural context is related to interpretation of what federal law?

Part C of IDEA

Which statement about using standardized language tests with children who are deaf or hard of hearing is false?

Performance on standardized tests is an accurate assessment of the child's ability to converse with others

Which of the following forms of communication is considered to be an artificial pedagogical system?

Signed english

Which of the following factors is NOT of paramount importance when determining the LRE of a child who is deaf:

Socioeconomic status of the family

The oral-aural approach uses a combination of

Speech communication and residual hearing

Josie, who has a severe to profound bilateral hearing loss, has been aided since age 3. She has language-‐learning problems secondary to her hearing loss. When reading Romeo and Juliet and writing an essay for her class assignment from Juliet's point of view, Josie is struggling. If we think of the language requirements for this specific task, which of the following is probably the main area might Josie realistically be challenged by?

Taking perspective

Many parents elect to use sign as a "stop-‐gap" measure before implantation. Robbins suggests that this is a good recommendation except in the following condition:

The child is enrolled in a strong program with an auditory emphasis

In Stiles et al., children with hearing loss did (better/worse/the same) on measures of novel word learning and (better/worse/the same) on measures of receptive vocabulary compared to children with normal hearing.

The same; worse

The _________ approach does not fall under the umbrella of communication systems emphasizing listening and spoken language.

Total communication and cued speech

True or False: Children who do not bond to their implants within a short time following stimulation run the risk of having less robust progress and communication progress and are at risk for becoming non-‐implant users.

True

True or False: It is important to teach children with hearing loss to advocate for their hearing needs as well as inform their teachers/support personnel and sometimes classmates about their hearing loss.

True

True or False: Research has shown us that significant delays in language development already exist in most children by the time they receive their CI even if they are early implantees.

True

True or False: To help a child learn how to report a malfunction in his CI, it is important to train him/her to respond to silence as an important concept.

True

True or false: Holte et al found that 100% of research participants failed the newborn hearing screen

True

As social demands increase for students in elementary school, they have increased experience learning to shift their manner of conversations dependent on the communication partner. If we refer to the 1979 Bloom and Lahey model of language, which area is this most related to?

Use

Hallmark behavior(s) of preinflected stage include:

Utilization of a pointing gesture Increase usage of prominent intonational patterns by family members, teachers, and caregivers Usage of 2-3 words without tense and number

What area of language development was significantly different between the screened and no-screened groups, as described by Yoshinaga-Itano?

Vocabulary, Syntax, Speech production

What is the advantage of the Speech Intelligibility Index over PTA?

Weighs different frequency bands more heavily than others, reflecting the importance of those frequency regions in understanding speech; SII allows the clinician to factor in amplification characteristics of the hearing aids

According to your text, which group of children is at risk for academic failure? Children with....

mild hearing loss in both ears; profound hearing loss in one ear; mild to severe loss in one or both ears