Restorative Justice Exam 1 Ch 1-5

The cornerpost values of restorative justice are inclusion, amends, reintegration, and:

Encounter

In promoting justice, government is responsible for preserving a just order and the community for:

Establishing a just peace

Research has shown that restorative justice reduces repeat offending more consistently with violent crimes than with less serious crimes.

False

Restorative justice is a complete alternative to the retributive and rehabilitative approaches to criminal justice.

False

Restorative justice is rarely found outside of North America

False

Studies show that restorative justice does not reduce victims' stated desire for violent revenge against offenders.

False

The parties in conferencing are typically the victim and offender, a judge, a police officer, and a social worker.

False

Because victims are in a different moral position than offenders (having been wronged as opposed to causing the harm), encounter process facilitators: Question 45 options: Favor the victim in the process. Make sure the parties examine the moral implications of the offender's actions as well as the damage caused. (SELECTED) Shame the offender to help them to accept responsibility for what they have done. All of the above.

Make sure the parties examine the moral implications of the offender's actions as well as the damage caused.

Recompense means the obligation to pay for wrongful injury to a crime victim. The responsibility for recompense rests with the: Question 23 options: Prosecutor. None of the above Victim assistance fund

Offender

According to Mark Umbreit, the primary goal of victim offender mediation and reconciliation programs is to: Question 41 options: Teach offenders a lesson about responsibility. Avoid the courtroom if at all possible. Make victims less angry.

Provide a process that both the victim and offender perceive as fair.

According to one study, victims' understanding of "fairness" in sentencing has the following three components: the punishment the offender will be given, the compensation the victim will receive, and the rehabilitation services that will be made available to the offender. Question 40 options: False

True

Ancient civilizations that form the foundation of Western civilization viewed crime solely as a wrong to society.

False

According to the American Bar Association's Standards Relating to the Prosecution Function, which of the following is NOT one of the prosecutor's responsibilities?

Confirm the interests of the victim.

According to the text, although victims should only engage in encounter programs voluntarily, it's okay to use coercive incentives to get offenders to participate.

False

According to the text, victims, offenders, and communities should have the opportunity for active involvement in the justice process only when their lawyers say it's okay.

False

Nils Christie argued that conflict should not "belong" to the parties in conflict, but rather is owned by their communities.

False

Reintegration is when victims and offenders are given the means and opportunity to rejoin their communities as whole, contributing members rather than continuing to bear the stigma of the harm and offense.

True

Research on drunk driving panels has shown a dramatic change in the attitudes of offenders and in the likelihood of recidivism.

True

Restorative justice theory seeks to address and balance the rights, needs, and responsibilities of victims, offenders, communities, and the government.

True

Restorative practices are being applied in a variety of settings, not only those that fall within in the domain of criminal or juvenile justice.

True

The New Zealand approach to restorative justice is based in social welfare, not the criminal justice system

True

Three generally accepted ways for victims to be included in the criminal justice system are: getting information about their case; permission to be present at proceedings; and filing a victim impact statement. Question 38 options: False

True

According to Van Ness and Strong, including community representatives in justice processes offers the following benefit for the community:

Incentive to work for a stronger, safer, and better community for the future.

According to the text, restorative values are especially useful for Question 24 options: Designing programs. Evaluating the restorative character of particular interventions. Training and guiding practitioners.

All of the above

The term "restorative justice" refers primarily to: Question 12 options: A theory of crime and justice A set of practical principles to guide programs Various processes for handling harms and conflicts

All of the above

The objectives of the early victim rights movement included:

All of the above - To increase access to information and involvement in the criminal justice system - To increase services to crime victims - To increase the likelihood of restitution

A mediation meeting allows the victim and offender to: Question 42 options: Identify the injustice and harm that took place. Discuss and decide how to make things as right as possible. Consider the offender's intentions for the future.

All of the above.

Circle processes are also known by which of the following names Question 13 options: Community circles Sentencing circles Healing circles

All of the above.

Evaluation studies of conferencing confirm all of the following except: Question 44 options: Victim satisfaction is very high. Restitution agreements are reached in most cases. Restitution is typically completed without police follow-up.

Restitution is required to be completed with a police follow up.

Which of the following bodies have official documents for the implementation of restorative justice? Question 14 options: The United Nations. The American Bar Association All of the above.

The European Union.

A typical family group conference might have a dozen or more people in attendance, including the arresting police officer and other criminal justice representatives. Question 46 options: False

True

According to the text, giving victims a formal role in the criminal justice system would mean both an explicit recognition that crime is an offense against the victim and a distinction between the legal interests of the victim and the government. Question 39 options: False

True

After a circle process has produced a plan by consensus of the whole circle, follow-up circles are typically implemented to monitor progress. Question 47 options: False

True

Circles are the most inclusive of the restorative processes since people can participate even if they have no relationship with the victim or offender.

True

Consistent with the common understanding of punishment, restorative justice insists on accountability even when that is painful for the offender.

True

Indigenous justice processes are what existed before the imposition of Western concepts of justice by colonial powers.

True

Peacemaking criminology focuses on what causes peace and safety rather than on what threatens it.

True

Private prosecution was an innovation promoted in the eighteenth century as a means of giving victims a role in the justice system.

True