section 9
considering the fact that many of the health problems of older adults are chronic rather than acute which of the following is likely to be a concern about the medical system
The medical system is still based on a "cure" rather than a "care" model.
prejudice against others because of their age, especially prejudice against older adults is known as
ageism
the term baltes uses to describe the hardware of the mind meaning the neurophysiological architecture of the brain that was developed through evolution is
cognitive mechanics
According to Baltes, _____ becomes relevant when life tasks require a level of capacity beyond the current level of the older adult's performance potential.
compensation
Life _____ is the number of years that the average person born in a particular year will probably live.
expectancy
cross-sectional study by Ursula Staudinger found that for adults from 55 to 65 years of age, __________ was most important in terms of personal investment
family
_______ memory is memory without conscious recollection
implicit
the "latino health paradox" refers to the fact that
latinos have a life expectancy 5.7 years above non latinos
a _______ is a living document that reflects the patients advance care planning
living will
according to a cross-sectional study on self-esteem, who among the following have the highest self-esteem
middle aged adults
______ theory states that aging is due to the decay of ______
mitochondrial; mitochondria
older adults characterized by _______ do not live as long as those who display more ________
negative affect; positive affect
According to Baltes, which of the following factors suggests that it is possible to maintain performance in some areas through continued practice and the use of new technologies?
optimization
identify the possible double jeopardy for elderly ethnic minority individuals
racism and ageism
according to evolutionary theory, natural selection is linked to ________ which is present in the earlier part of adulthood
reproductive fitness
what do studies say of the american attitude toward euthanasia after the terri shiavo case
there is a trend toward accepting passive euthanasia in cases of terminally i'll patients
The concept of _____ emphasizes that changes in cognitive functioning may be linked more to distance from death or cognition related pathology than to distance from birth
terminal decline
which of the following is true of socioemotional selectivity theory
It challenges the stereotype that the majority of older adults are in emotional despair because of their social isolation.
brain death occurs when
all electrical activity of the brain has ceased for a specified period of time
an advance directive such as a living will must be signed when
an individual is able to think clearly
in 1900 most people died
at home, cared for by their family.
______theory states that cells can divide a maximum of about 75-80 times and that as we age our cells become less capable of dividing
cellular clock
_____ is the global term for any neurological disorder in which the primary symptoms involve a deterioration of mental functioning.
dementia
According to erikson, the _______ stage of development involves reflecting on the past and either piecing together a positive review or concluding that one's life has not been well spent
integrity vs despair
selective optimization with compensation theory states that successful aging is related to three main factors
selection, optimization, and compensation
______ attention is focused and extended engagement with an object, task, event, or some other aspect of the environment
sustained
Hospice advocates emphasize
the advantages of controlling pain for dying individuals.
______ which is closely linked to short-term memory allows children and adults to manipulate and assemble information when making decisions solving problems and comprehending written and spoken language
working memory
_____ illness often follows a pattern of an acute period that may require hospitalization, followed by a longer period of remission, and then repetitions of this pattern.
chronic
prolonged grief disorder is also known as _____ grief
complicated
according to kubler ross which of the following is the first stage of dying
denial and isolation
_______ refers to extended verbal expression in speech or writing
discourse
Euthanasia is otherwise known as
easy death
which of the following concepts have distinctions similar to the ones between cognitive mechanics and cognitive pragmatics
fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence
_______refers to the view that our aging society is being unfair to its younger members because older adults pile up advantages by receiving an inequality large allocation of resources
generational inequity
_____ is the emotional numbness, disbelief, separation anxiety, despair, sadness, and loneliness that accompany the loss of someone we love.
grief
most psychologists emphasize that _____ is the best strategy in discussing death with children
honesty
in the context of socioeconomical development in late adulthood, which of the following is true of life review
it is set in motion by looking forward to death
which of the following is true of activity theory
it suggests that adults who cannot continue their middle adulthood roles into late adulthood should find substitute roles that keep them engaged
in the context of economic security which of the following is true regarding older adults
poverty is linked to lower levels of physical fitness in older adults
Cognitive ________ are the culture-based "software programs" of the mind.
pragmatics
______ theory focuses on the types of goals that individuals are motivated to achieve as they approach the end of life
socioemotional selectivity
Voletta believes that older adults become more selective about their social networks as they age. She is a proponent of:
socioemotional selectivity theory
one of the challenges in the health care given to elderly patients is that elderly patients
take a less active role in their own treatment.
The concept of _____ emphasizes that changes in cognitive activity patterns might result in disuse and consequent atrophy of cognitive skills.
use it or lose it
_____ is expert knowledge about the practical aspects of life that permits practical judgment about important matters.
wisdom
according to eriksons developmental stages which of the following is the resolution an individual is most likely to experience
wisdom