Section C: The East India Company under Robert Clive
The Third Carnatic War ,When the Seven Years war ended with The war concluded with the signing of the ............
1763 Treaty of Paris or Peace of Paris, or the Treaty of 1763. As per
Mir Jafar had made a grant to the Company of the Zamindari over an extensive tract around the Calcutta which is now known as............... included the country immediately surrounding Calcutta, except city.
24 Pargana. This Twenty-Four Parganas
The Puritan King Aurangzeb died in 1707 and after his death the throne of Delhi passed in the hands of .........by 1719.
8 Mughal rulers
Shahanshah Nasir-ud-Din Muhammad Shah, (1748-1702)
Abu Al-Fatah Nasir-ud-Din Roshan Akhtar Muhammad Shah (محمد شاه)
........... also known as Roshan Akhtar, was the Mughal
Abu Al-Fatah Nasir-ud-Din Roshan Akhtar Muhammad Shah emperor between 1719 and 1748
Mir Kasim was successful but his forces were defeated in two battles by Major ...........succeeded his father Alamgir II.
Adams at Gheria and Udhunala. He had to fled and take refuge to Nawab of Awadh Shuja-ud-Daula. Shuja-ud-Daula refused to deliver to the British. The war was prolonged. In Delhi Shah Alam or Ali Gauhar
In 1748 an English fleet arrived under........ and attempted the siege of Pondicherry. At the same time the Land Force of the company was led by Major Stringer Lawrence.
Admiral Boscawen,
From 1740 to 1756, .......... In 1756, when Alivardi died he was succeeded by Siraj ud-Daulah. Siraj ud-Daulah was the last sovereign Nawab of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.
Ali Vardi Khan remained the Nawab of Bengal as Mahabat Jung.
The French allied with Chanda Sahib and Muzaffar Jung to bring them into power in.......... respectively. But the British were not sitting idle. To offset the French influence, they began supporting Nasir Jung and Nawab Muhammad Anwaruddin.
Arcot and Hyderabad
France and England were at Peace during the Second Carnatic War. In 1748, the Nizam of Hyderabad ............ is known as Second Carnatic War.
Asaf Jah I died and there was a civil war for succession broke out. This Civil war of succession
The first among these to declare himself the de-fact ruler was............ The next was Murshid Quli Khan of Bengal.
Asaf Jah-I of Hyderabad
Aurangzeb died in 1707 The Nobles as expected, rose and the prominent provinces of the Mughals became independent. Out of them the most important were Deccan (Hyderabad) under........
Asaf Jah-I.
.At Hyderabad, Nasir Jang Mir Ahmad, the English protégé was killed in the battle, the French helped in placing ............
Asaf ad-Dawlah Mir Ali Salabat Jang the third son of Asaf Jah as Nawab of Hyderabad.
Under the nose of Farrukhsiyar, the name of Makhsusabad was changed to Murshidabad and Nawab Murshid Quli Khan............however, he kept on working "for" decrepit Mughals.
became the de-facto ruler of Bengal and Orissa,
The Siege of Arcot had made Clive a national hero in England. He was described by the Prime Minister Pitt, the elder as the ............ of the East India Company voted him a sword worth £700, which he refused to receive unless Lawrence was similarly honored.
"heaven-born general", thus endorsing the generous appreciation of his early commander, Major Lawrence. The Court of Directors
Treaty of Allahabad...........
(16 August 1765)
Battle of Plassey .........
(23 June 1757)
Treaty of Allahabad As per this treaty:........... to the East India Company at Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. Thus the British became the masters of fate of the people of Bihar, Bengal and Orissa and now they would collect the revenue.
. Mughal Emperor granted Fiscal Rights (Diwani) or right to administer the territory and collect taxes
Aurangzeb died in 1707 The Nobles as expected, rose and the prominent provinces of the Mughals became independent. Bengal & Orissa under........
. Murshid Quli Khan
The Third Carnatic War The British Forces were able to capture the French Settlements at.......The British forces under Sir Eyre Coote, defeated the French in the Battle of Wandiwash in 1760 and besieged Pondicherry.
.. Chandranagar in 1757. The French forces in south were led by Comte De Lally.
First Carnatic War ..........
..1746-48
Aurangzeb died in 1707 The Nobles as expected, rose and the prominent provinces of the Mughals became independent. Out of them the most important were Oudh under Saadat Ali Khan, Bengal & Orissa under Murshid Quli Khan and Deccan (Hyderabad) under Asaf Jah-I. These experienced people were the decorated courtiers of Aurangzeb and were far ahead in popularity than the new Mughal rookies in the ............became weaker and dependent upon these nobles and to purchase their loyalty, compromised on the conditions they were ruling their respective territories.
.Red Fort of Delhi. The only positive thing about these rulers was that they never declared rebellion till the Old Lion was alive. The new Mughals
........ was the son-in-law of the first Nawab Murshid Quli Khan. He remained the Nawab till 1740. His tenure is known for reorganization of the Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.
.Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan
Second Carnatic War......
1749-54
The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle was merely a truce and it was violated by both French and British, thus the war formally renewed in ........
1756. But before that a crisis in Indian Politics led to the Second Carnatic War
Third Carnatic War .......... got renewed in 1756 in Europe, in the form of Seven Years War, which is coterminous with the Third Carnatic War. The Third Carnatic war was a local version of the Seven Years war in Europe
1757-63 The conflict between the France and England
Battle of Chinsura
1759
The Siege of Arcot (1751) was a heroic feat, more important than the......... It spread the fame of English valor throughout India. Shortly afterward Clive returned to England in ill-health, but the war continued for some more years. The result was that English influence predominated in the Coromandal Coast and Carnatic.
Battle of Plessey
Please note that First Carnatic war was a part of the War of the Austrian Succession that was fought between the Kingdom of Prussia, Spain, France, and .........., England, Dutch Republic, Russia on the other side.
Bavaria, Sweden etc. on one side and Habsburg Monarchy
In 1746 a French squadron arrived under the command of .........., who was the famous French governor of Mauritius.
Bertrand François Mahe de la Bourdonnais
Siraj ud-Daulah and the .........
Black Hole of Calcutta 1756
The Northern Circars was a former division of.................. . It consisted of a narrow slip of territory lying along the western side of the Bay of Bengal from 15° 40' to 20° 17' north latitude, in the present-day Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Odisha.......
British India's Madras Presidency
The ungovernable temper of Siraj ud-Daulah led to a rupture with the English within two months after his accession. He marched upon ......... Many British fled down the river in their ships and the remainder 146 people were compelled to surrender. These people were stuffed for a night in a room of 18 square feet, with only two windows and 123 people (Including natives) got suffocated to death. This is called the Black Hole of Calcutta (1756), which is still doubtful on account of the number of the perished.
Calcutta with a large army and laid the siege of the site of the Fort William
In 1733, Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan had merged Bihar in Bengal and divided the entire region into 4 administrative regions viz............
Central Division, Dhaka Division, Bihar Division and Orissa Division.
As per 1763 Treaty of Paris or Peace of Paris, or the Treaty of 1763. parts of this treaty, the ........ The French were now allowed to have trading posts in India but forbade French traders from administering them. The Government of France also agreed to support British client governments. This was the last nail in the coffin of the French ambitions of an Indian Empire. British were now the dominant power in India.
Chandranagar and Pondicherry was returned to France
Robert Clive was born in Shropshire, England, on September 29, 1725. He was appointed as..........
Clerk in the service of the East India Company in 1743.
The Nawab of Arcot had adopted the impartial policy but to drive the British out of Madras, marched with 10,000 soldiers to the St Fort George but was defeated. The negotiations about the fate of Madras started but these negotiations took too much time to let ........., some twenty miles to the south.
Clive escape from the Fort St. George to Fort St David
However, it was transferred to the company as a perpetual property. Annual grant of around 2.22 Lakh Rupees was paid to............. were reverted to the company. This was the climax of Clive's career. In 1758 he was appointed by the court of directors as the first governor of all the company's settlements in Bengal.
Clive from 1765 till 1774, when he shot himself to death. After that whole proprietary rights
The traitors of Battle of Plassey were as follows: Mir Jafar :.........Jagat Set : A Marwari Banker. After 9 years of the Battle of Plassey, the entire family of Jagat Seth was beheaded by Mir Kasim
He became the first titular Nawab of Bengal paving the way for British Empire in India.
The First Carnatic war in India began with the appearing of a British Fleet on the ......... Dupleix induced the Nawab of Arcot for intervention but the Nawab opted for an impartial policy. British initially captured a few French ships, the French called for backup from Mauritius
Coromandel Coast. in 1745. The Judicious French Governor
he fiscal administration of Bengal, Behar, and Orissa and the territorial jurisdiction of the Northern Circars is called the ............
Dual System of Government.
The end of the Second Carnatic war brought a disaster for Dupleix. The French Government recalled him and .........He had not saved any money and the government did not support him. His wife died 2 years later and the ruined Dupleix died in 1763 in utter poverty and obscurity. His successors failed in cherishing the dream of a French Empire in India.
Dupleix was compelled to embark for France on 12 October 1754.
The ......... came under the "protection" of the British and he would now stay at Allahabad. The company was giving to him Rs. 26 Lakh every year in lieu of the Diwani rights or the Fiscal administration. But this was not able to satisfy the ambitions of Lord Clive. He left nothing for the Bengal than just a shadow authority and the real government came into the hands of the East India Company.
Emperor Shah Aalam II
Since the overthrow of ..........many Mughal Emperors briefly ascended to the throne, but the Sayyid Brothers eventually chose 17-years-old Roshan Akhtar to become the new Mughal Emperor.
Farrukhsiyar in 1719
Murshid Quli Khan was the ........ whose reign in this capacity was from 1717 to 1727.
First Nawab of Bengal
........., this was an opportunity to become Nawab of Arcot with the support of the French. He joined the cause of Muzaffar Jung and began to conspire against the Nawab Anwaruddin Muhammad Khan in Arcot.
For Chanda Sahib
Major Stringer Lawrence successfully foiled an attempted ......., but subsequently was captured by a French cavalry patrol at Ariancopang (Ariankuppam) near Pondicherry and kept prisoner till the peace Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.
French surprise at Cuddalore
Siraj ud-Daulah a young man of 23 years sat on the throne of Nawab of Bengal amid plots and counter-plots by the friends and family members. One of the adversaries was his maternal aunt ...........who was not appointed him Mir Bakshi. The young Nawab was wary of the growing intervention of the British in the affairs of the province.
Ghaseti Beghum who was placed by him in confinement. Another adversary was the greatest traitor of all times Mir Jafar
.........: The rich maternal aunt of Nawab
Ghaseti Neghum
He arrived Madras in 1744. In 1747 he was commissioned ensign in the Company's army. Later he became ...........to 1760 and from 1765 to 1767. He committed suicide in 1774.
Governor of Bengal from 1758
The French wanted to reduce the growing influence of the English in the Carnatic. So they supported ......... as the rightful Nawab of the Carnatic against Muhammad Anwaruddin, who was supported by the British.
Husain Dost Khan (Chanda Sahib)
The Puritan King Aurangzeb died in 1707 and after his death the throne of Delhi passed in the hands of 8 Mughal rulers by 1719. The immediate successor of Aurangzeb was prince Muazzam styled Bahadur Shah-1, who was followed by ............ The Empire had already broken into pieces and when Mohammad Shah Rangila sat on the throne, the Mughals had became nominal heads of Hindustan by 1719.
Jahandar Shah, Farrukhsiyar, Rafi ud-Darajat, Rafi ud-Daulah, Nekusiyar, Muhammad Ibrahim
Roshan Akhtar was born in 1702 in Ghazna (in modern day Afghanistan) to Prince .............
Khujista Akhtar, during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb
Treaty of Allahabad In lieu of this Right, the Company gave an annual tribute of 26 Lakh Rupees to the Mughals The districts of.............. rupees of war indemnity to the British. Thus Clive, in person settled the fate of almost half of the Northern India.
Kora and Allahabad were returned to Mughal Emperor. Awadh was returned to Shuja-ud-Daulah but Allahabad and Kora was taken from him. The Nawab of Awadh paid 53 Lakhs
The important outcome of the Battle of Buxar was the Treaty of Allahabad which was signed between .......... who had submitted to the British in the battle.
Lord Clive and Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II,
Dual System of Government in Bengal The Dual System of Government in Bengal was the brainchild of ........... sitting paying the company an annual allowance of Rs. 6 Lakh.
Lord Clive. At Murshidabad, there was a puppet Nawab
The British won this Battle of Buxar under the command of ...........
Major Hector Munro.
As soon as Farrukhsiyar acknowledged his changing the name of ..........., in his own new mint. He kept on sending annual tributes to the Mughals but was the real ruler of Bengal. He died in 1727. Before he died, he had appointed his maternal grandson Sarfaraz Khan as heir apparent, who abdicated the seat for his father Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan, who became the second Nawab of Bengal.
Makhsusabad to Murshidabad he released Zurbe Murshedabad coin
....... This was an officer in Calcutta Rai Durlab: He was the treasurer of Nawab.
Manik Chand:
Second Carnatic War. The Belligerents were ............, who was the grandson of Nizam-ul-Mulk.
Mir Ahmad Ali Khan (Nasir Jung), who was the son of the Nizam-ul-Mulk, and Hidayat Muhi ud-Din Sa'adu'llah Khan (Muzaffar Jung)
On October 23, 1764, there was a decisive battle at Buxar. Saadat Ali Khan I Saadat Ali Khan I was the Subedar Nawab (Governor) of the Mughals in Awadh from 1722 to 1739. He was son of a merchant of Khurasan. When .........., he was in the battle from Mughal side. He died just after this attack and was succeeded by Safdarjung, who as soon as sat on the throne, paid Nadir Shah 2 Crore Rupees.
Nadir Shah attacked in 1739
Black Hole of Calcutta (1756), which is still doubtful on account of the number of the perished. This news reached Madras, when Clive had already come from England. He led the troops and arrived in Bengal. After a small skirmish, the peace was restored. Soon afterwards, Clive breached the neutrality and captured the French settlement of Chandranagar. Acting on the tactics which Clive had learnt in South from Dupleix, he contacted .........., the British Calcutta Council made a secret treaty with Mir Jafar, promising to place him on the throne of Bengal. William Watts, the chief of the British factory at Kasimbazar plotted this conspiracy.
Mir Jafar and other people in the court of Nawab and offered him the throne if he deceives Siraj-Ud-Daulah. In May 1757
Battle of Chinsura The Victories British overthrew the titular Nawab Mir Jafar and his placed his son in law ...........
Mir Kasim as Nawab of Bengal
On October 22-23, 1764, the decisive Battle of Buxar was fought. The belligerents were the East India Company on one side and combined forces of /.............soldiers and the British Forces had 18000 forces. The three separate allies could not coordinate in a better way and got defeated.
Mir Kasim, Shah Aalam II and Shuja-ud-Daula. The combined forces had 40000
Aurangzeb died in 1707 The Empire had already broken into pieces and when ..........., the Mughals had became nominal heads of Hindustan by 1719. .
Mohammad Shah Rangila sat on the throne
The immediate successor of Aurangzeb was prince ............ who was followed by Jahandar Shah, Farrukhsiyar, Rafi ud-Darajat, Rafi ud-Daulah, Nekusiyar, Muhammad Ibrahim.
Muazzam styled Bahadur Shah-1,
This old man Nawab Muhammad Anwaruddin, supported by the English, met the French army at Ambur in August 1749 and was killed in the battle. Now the British supported the son of Nawab Muhammad Anwaruddin named ........., Robert Clive led British troops to capture Arcot. This is famous as Siege of Arcot. In this Clive was successful and English protégé, Mohammed Ali Khan Walajah, was recognized as Nawab of Arcot.
Muhammad Ali Khan Walajah. In 1751
During the first Carnatic War, the Nawab or Arcot was .......... who received overtures for support from both from the English and the French.
Muhammad Anwaruddin,
In the year 1707, his grandfather Bahadur Shah I had defeated and eliminated his own brother ..........at the Battle of Jajau, during another war of succession that followed after the death of his aged grandfather Bahadur Shah I his father was killed, and the 12-year-old prince and his mother were imprisoned by his uncle Jahandar Shah but spared from death. Handsome and quick to learn, his mother took good care of his education, while his father had enhanced his administrative abilities.
Muhammad Azam Shah on 19 June 1707
In some British Records,............ by birth and was brought up as a slave in Persia. He became a fanatic muslim and destroyed some temples.
Murshid Quli Khan is named Jafar Khan. He was a Brahmin
After the Battle of Chinsura, the British deposed Mir Jafar and placed his son in law Mir Kasim as Nawab of Bengal. Mir Kasim, soon began to show a will of his own, and to cherish dreams of independence. He eventually shifted his capital from ........ where he raised an independent army. The problem was the free trade.
Murshidabad to Munger in Bihar
The British won this Battle of Buxar under the command of Major Hector Munro. After this battle, Shah Aalam II submitted to the British. ............returned styled Lord Clive as Governor General of Bengal for the second time. By this time, the British had shown their military supremacy in India for, the Battle of Buxar was tough contested bout, than the Battle of Plassey which was won by deceit.
Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula fled from the scene and took refuse to Rohilla. Mir Kasim also fled and died a few years later in extreme obscurity. Clive was in England when Battle of Buxar was fought and won by the British. In 1765, Clive
In 1757, the East India Company obtained the Zamindari rights over this territory so now it could collect the cultivator's rent, subject to tax paid to the ...........in favor of Clive, who thus became the landlord of his own boss i.e. the East India Company. .....
Nawab as the representative of the Mughal Emperor. In 1759 the land tax was granted by the emperor It was known as Clive's Jagir.
The annexation by the British of the ............Hyderabad State, the Nizam's dominion, of the considerable coastline it formerly had, assuming the shape it is now remembered for: that of a landlocked princely state with territories in Central Deccan, bounded on all sides by British India.
Northern Circars deprived
Mohammad Ali maintained his position, but the French were able to get the ........
Northern Circars, the maritime tract.
Battle of Buxar
October 22, 1764
...... He tried to get 5% from the treasure after Mir Jafar becomes Nawab but was deceived by the British by fake treaty and this shock was enough to plunge him into mental retardation. He survived for some 10 years and died anonymously.
Omi Chand or Amir Chand :
The Nobles as expected, rose and the prominent provinces of the Mughals became independent. Out of them, the most important were ............. These experienced people were the decorated courtiers of Aurangzeb and were far ahead in popularity than the new Mughal rookies in the Red Fort of Delhi. The only positive thing about these rulers was that they never declared rebellion till the Old Lion was alive. The new Mughals became weaker and dependent upon these nobles and to purchase their loyalty, compromised on the conditions they were ruling their respective territories
Oudh under Saadat Ali Khan, Bengal & Orissa under Murshid Quli Khan and Deccan (Hyderabad) under Asaf Jah-I
The Third Carnatic War ,After Wandiwash, the French capital of ,,,,,,,,,,,.
Pondicherry fell to the British in 1761
The Traitors of Plassey The faithful commanders of Nawab were Mir Madan and Mohan Lal. The right arm of the army was commanded by.............. There was a rainfall, which led the ammunition and powder of Nawab drenched while the British used tarpaulins to protect their ammunition. When the Nawab's army realized that the British ammunition is rendered ineffective Mir Madan asked the cavalry to take charge but the next moment a shot from British claimed his life. Nawab tried to reconcile with Mir Jafar, but he did not turn up
Rai Durlabh, Center by Yar Lutuf Khan and Left close to British by Mir Jafar, all traitors. The Nawab's army had attacked vigorously in the beginning but Clive kept his ammunitions in reserve and soldiers safe under a groove / embankment
Shahanshah Nasir-ud-Din Muhammad Shah (1748-1702) also known as
Roshan Akhtar, was the Mughal emperor between 1719 and 1748
Aurangzeb died in 1707 The Nobles as expected, rose and the prominent provinces of the Mughals became independent. Out of them the most important were Oudh under.............
Saadat Ali Khan,
In.......... the French captured the Madras almost without any opposition and the British were made prisoners of war. Clive was also one of those Prisoners.
September 1746,
Safdarjung was succeeded by
Shuja-ud-Daula in 1753.
In the battle of Plassey the forces of Nawab were defeated and Nawab fled the scene on a Camel along with his 2000 horsemen. He went first to Murshidabad and then to Patna by boat, but was eventually pursued by Mir Jafar's soldiers. On 2 July 1757,.........., son of Mir Jafar.
Siraj-Ud-Daulah was executed under orders from Mir Miran
Major .........was the first Commander-in-Chief, India, of the East India Company. Some people also call him the "Father of Indian Army".
Stringer Lawrence
In October 1748, the ...... restored the peace between France and England and this also brought an end to the First Carnatic War. Madras was restored to the English for some territories (Louisburg) in North America.
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
This war continued from 1740 to 1748 and finally ended with the......... This treaty could not bring any substantial settlement with regard to the commercial struggle between the Britain and France in India. In India the same war is coterminous with the First Carnatic War.
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748)
Battle of Buxar ended with
Treaty of Allahabad.
Second Carnatic War ended with the ......... ........... was recognized as the Nawab of Arcot.
Treaty of Pondicherry, signed in 1754,Muhammad Ali Khan Walajah
In May 1757, the British Calcutta Council made a secret treaty with Mir Jafar, promising to place him on the throne of Bengal. .........
William Watts, the chief of the British factory at Kasimbazar plotted this conspiracy.
During his time a noble J...............to prominence. After he died in 1739, he was followed by his son Sarfaraz Khan, who within a year was defeated by one Alivardi Khan and killed in a bloody battle at Giria.
agat Seth, who was a baker in Calcutta rose
It was during Farrukhsiyar reign, in 1717, that the British East India Company purchased duty-free trading rights in ......... was discriminatory. The British could trade without paying taxes but the other local merchants with dastaks were required to pay up to 40% of their revenue as tax. In a reaction,
all of Bengal for a mere three thousand rupees a year. Mir Kasim opposed that the imperial Dastak
The Clive's Jagir became a matter of inquiry in England. The Clive's claim to the property as f............. a new deed was issued, which confirmed this Jagir for 10 years. This Jagir received the sanction of the Mughal Emperor in 1765 and it gave the absolute validity to the original Jagir.
eudal suzerain over the Company was contested by the company in 1764. In 1765,
The Third Carnatic War put an end to the French ambitions to create a colonial empire in India. The earlier two Carnatic wars were limited to Deccan but the third war spread .................
in Bengal also
British marched out to the grove of Plassey, about 100 Kilometers north of Calcutta, at the head of 1000 Europeans and 2000 sepoys, with 8 pieces of artillery. The Bengal viceroy's army numbered 35,000 foot and 15,000 horse, with 50 cannon. On 23 June 1757, the Battle of Plassey was fought between the forces of S.............and the troops of the British East India Company, led by Robert Clive. This event was a part of the Seven Years War.
iraj Ud Daulah, and his French support troops
Mir Kasim abolished all taxes on the local traders as well. This upset the British and hostility was renewed. The forces of Mir Kasim overran the C......... of Avadh and Shah Alam II, the itinerant Mughal emperor. But all of them were defeated in the Battle of Buxar in 1764. Meanwhile, Mir Jafar managed to regain the good graces of the British and he was again appointed Nawab in 1763 and held the position until his death in 1765.
ompany offices in Patna in 1763, killing several Europeans including the resident. Later he teamed up with Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula
The territory derived its name from circar or ........... or province, each of which is administered by a deputy governor.
sarkar, an Indian term applied to the component parts of a subah
Battle of Chinsura Mir Jafar opened secret negotiations with the representatives of the Dutch East India Company to bring troops against the British. The Dutch, seeing an opportunity to enhance the influence .......... was fought both in sea and land.
sent a force at Chinsurah, but they were defeated by the British army. The battle
. Mir Jafar , the Gaddar-e-Abrar Mir Jafar was placed as a ....... as the price of his elevation. Mir Zafar paid 1 Crore 77 Lakh Rupees as compensation for the attack on Calcutta to the company and the traders of the city. The East India Company claimed 1.5 Crore. Clive was promised 280,000 Rupees. The long cherished dream of becoming Nawab of Bengal of Mir Jafar was achieved. But he could not bear the extortionist policies of the British for long. When he realized that British expectations were limitless he tried to wriggle out of their grip. For this he took the help of the Dutch
titular Nawab of Bengal in 1757. The British extracted enormous sums from Mir Jafar