Spine and Thorax Study Guide MC
What could you ask your partner to do so you can differentiate between the quadratus lumborum and the erector spinae? "twist to the right" "arch your back" "hike up your hip" "do an abdominal crunch"
"hike up your hip"
How many ribs do we have on each side of the body? 8 10 12 14
12
How many vertebrae form the vertebral column? 16 18 22 24
24
How many "true ribs" do we have on each side of the body? 5 7 8 12
7
The twelfth rib is often horizontal to the level of which vertebra? T-2 T-7 T-12 L-1
T-12
Which is the insertion of the transverse abdominis? superior tamus of the pubis abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba fascia of rectus abdominis pubic symphysis
abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
Which is a part of the insertion of the external oblique? anterior part of the iliac crest anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) pubic crest
anterior part of the iliac crest
When accessing the diaphragm, when is it best to curl your fingers further underneath the rib cage? as your partner inhales with your partner in a prone position when your partner does a small sit-up as your partner exhales
as your partner exhales
Which is the insertion of the rectus abdominis? cartilage of 9th - 12th ribs xiphoid process and sternum cartilage of fifth, sixth and seventh ribs and xiphoid process sternum
cartilage of fifth, sixth and seventh ribs and xiphoid process
Which is the insertion of the diaphragm? manubrium sternum costal cartilage central tendon
central tendon
Which of the following is an action of the transverse abdominis? flex the vertebral column compress abdominal contents laterally flex the vertebral column rotate the vertebral column to the same side
compress abdominal contents
A hiccup is caused by involuntary contraction of which muscle? transverse abcominis external oblique diaphragm retus abdominis
diaphragm
Which is the primary muscle of respiration? diaphragm intercostals transverse abdominis internal oblique
diaphragm
As you palpate medially toward the vertebral column, you may lose contact with the twelfth rib because it is deep to which muscles? rotatores erector spinae trapezius multifidi
erector spinae
Which of the following is an action of the rectus abdominis? flex the vertebral column laterally flex the vertebral column tilt pelvis anteriorly elevate the hip
flex the vertebral column
Which is a part of the origin of the internal oblique? posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) bottom edge of rib cage anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) iliac crest
iliac crest
During what activity is the diaphragm's central tendon pulled inferiorly? exhalation rotation inhalation digestion
inhalation
Which muscles are located directly between the ribs? transversospinalis erector spinae intercostals abdominals
intercostals
Which edge of the quadratus lumborum is most accessible? posterior lateral inferior superior
lateral
Which of the following is an action of the iliocostalis? rotate vertebral column to the opposite side flex the vertebral column laterally flex vertebral column to the same side rotate vertebral column to the same side
laterally flex vertebral column to the same side
Which of the muscles in the erector spinae group have an attachment on the skull? iliocostalis longissimus spinalis non of them attach to the skull
longissimus
Which is a part of the insertion of the splenius capitis? spinous processes of upper cervicals mastoid process transverse processes of upper cervicals external occipital protuberance
mastoid process
Which are the only muscles with fibers that lie across the posterior surface of the sacrum? quadratus lumborum multifidi spinalis rotatores
multifidi
The rotatores span between how many vertebrae? only three one to two two to four only two
one to two
Which abdominal muscle creates the "washboard" look? rectus abdominis external oblique internal oblique transverse abdominis
rectus abdominis
Which of the following is an action of the rotatores? flex the vertebral column rotate the vertebral column to the opposite side rotate the vertebral column to the same side laterally flex the vertebral column to the opposite side
rotate the vertebral column to the opposite side
Which of the following is an action of the external oblique? rotate vertebral column to the same side rotate vertebral column to the opposite side laterally flex vertebral column to the opposite side elevate the hip
rotate vertebral column to the opposite side
Which of the following is an action of the internal oblique? extend vertebral column rotate vertebral column to the opposite side rotate vertebral column to the same side laterally flex vertebral column to the opposite side
rotate vertebral column to the same side
Which is the origin of the multifidi? posterior iliac crest, transverse processes of lumbar through cervical vertebrae sacrum and transverse processes of lumbar through thoracic vertebrae posterior iliac crest and spinous processes of all vertebrae sacrum and transverse processes of lumbar through cervical vertebrae
sacrum and transverse processes of lumbar through cervical vertebrae
Which primarily deep muscle can be accessed in the cervical region where it is superficial between the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid? splenius cervicis semispinalis capitis splenius capitis longissimus
splenius capitis
Which abdominal muscle plays a major role in forced exhalation? rectus abdominis external oblique internal oblique transverse abdominis
transverse abdominis
Which factor might have an effect on the position of the scapula? a contracted pectoralis minor a weak serratus anterior an individual's body type all of the above
all of the above
Which section of the vertebral column is a capable of the most movement? cervical thoracic lumbar sacrum
cervical
What is the structure that extends off the ribs and attaches to the sternum manubrium costal cartilage xiphoid process "false ribs"
costal cartilage
In contrast to the erector spinae group, the fibers of the transversospinalis group run in which direction? vertical diagonal horizontal transverse
diagonal
Which of the following is an action of the multifidi? laterally flex the vertebral column to the opposite side extend the vertebral column rotate the vertebral column to the same side flex the vertebral column
extend the vertebral column
Which of the following is an action of the spinalis? elevate the thoracic cavity flex the vertebral column extend the vertebral column stabilize the pelvis
extend the vertebral column
You are palpating lateral to the edge of rectus abdominis and the fibers you feel are superficial and running at an angle. Which muscle is this? transverse abdominis external oblique diaphragm internal oblique
external oblique
Which of the following is an action of the diaphragm? decrease the volume of thoracic cavity increase the volume of thoracic cavity compress the lung tissue elevate rib cage
increase the volume of thoracic cavity
Which is the origin of the splenius capitits? transverse processes of upper thoracic vertebrae and spinous processes of C-7 to T-4 spinous processes of upper thoracic vertebrae lamina groove of upper thoracic vertebrae inferior one-half of ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of C-7 to T-4
inferior one-half of ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of C-7 to T-4
Which is a part of the origin of the diaphragm? inner surfaces of lower six ribs outer surfaces of lower six ribs anterior surfaces of upper thoracic vertebrae posterior iliac crest
inner surfaces of lower six ribs
Which is a part of the origin of the transverse abdominis? internal surface of lower six ribs external surface of lower eight ribs superior ramus of the pubis costal cartilage of lower eight ribs
internal surface of lower six ribs
Which is a part of the insertion of the internal oblique? external surface of lower five ribs xiphoid process and costal cartilage fascia of rectus abdominis internal surface of lower three ribs
internal surface of lower three ribs
What is the trough-like space between the spinous and transverse processes of the vertebrae? transverse foramen lamina groove vertebral foramen superior facet
lamina groove
As a group, the transversospinalis muscles can be most easily located in which area? posterior sacrum lamina groove of cervical vertebrae along the superior nuchal line lamina groove of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
lamina groove of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
Which is the insertion of the quadratus lumborum? transverse processes of 2nd-4th lumbar vertebrae last rib, transverse processes of 1st-4th lumbar vertebrae spinous processes of 1st- 4th lumbar vertebrae last rib, spinous processes of 1st-4th lumbar vertebrae
last rib, transverse processes of 1st-4th lumbar vertebrae
Which of the following is an action of the longissimus? depress the thoracic cavity rotate vertebral column to the same side laterally flex vertebral column to the same side flex the vertebral column
laterally flex vertebral column to the same side
Which of the following is an action of the quadratus lumborum? laterally tilt the pelvis laterally flex the vertebral column to the opposite side flex the vertebral column elevate the lower seven ribs during inhalation
laterally tilt the pelvis
Which portion of the spine is designed to support the weight of the upper body? cervical thoracic lumbar coccyx
lumbar
Which of the following is a part of the insertion of the longissimus? spinous processes of cervical vertebrae mastoid process of temporal bone posterior surfaces of ribs 1-12 spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae
mastoid process of temporal bone
Which is the origin of the quadratus lumborum? spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae eleventh rib posterior iliac crest anterior iliac crest
posterior iliac crest
Which of the following is a part of the origin of the iliocostalis? spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae posterior surfaces of ribs 1-12 transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae posterior surfaces of ribs 3-9
posterior surfaces of ribs 1-12
Which is the origin of the rectus abdominis? anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) pubic line of pelvis superior ramus of the ischium pubic crest, pubic symphysis
pubic crest, pubic symphysis
Which of the following is actually an abdominal muscle located on the posterior side of the thorax? transverse abdominis latissimus dorsi iliocostalis quadratus lumborum
quadratus lumborum
Which abdominal muscle runs vertically from the rib cage to the pubic crest? rectus abdominis external oblique internal oblique transverse abdominis
rectus abdominis
Which of the following is an action of the splenius capitis? elevate upper ribs rotate head and neck to same side rotate head and neck to opposite side flex the head and neck
rotate head and neck to same side
Which of the following is a part of the insertion of the spinalis? spinous processes of cervicals, except C-1 transverse processes of cervicals, except C-1 spinous processes of all cervical vertebrae transverse processes of all cervical vertebrae
spinous processes of cervicals, except C-1
Which is the insertion of the multifidi and rotatores? transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae lamina groove of lumbar vertebrae through second cervical vertebra spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae through cervical vertebrae spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae through second cervical vertebra
spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae through second cervical vertebra
Which of the following is a part of the origin of the spinalis? posterior surface of ribs 1-10 transverse processes of the upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae spinous processes of the upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae posterior surface of ribs 4-12
spinous processes of the upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae
Which vertebrae can be located at the base of the neck? C-4 C-7 T-2 T-4
C-7
Which section of the vertebral column is comprised of 12 vertebrae? cervical thoracic lumbar coccyx
thoracic
Which bony landmark is often horizontal to the level of the spinous process of L-4? inferior angle of the scapula twelfth rib PSIS top of the iliac crest
top of the iliac crest
Which of the following is a part of the insertion of the iliocostalis? transverse processes of lower cervicals ligamentum nuchae spinous processes of cervical vertebrae spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae
transverse processes of lower cervicals
Which of the following is a part of the origin of the longissimus? transverse processes of upper five thoracic vertebrae posterior surfaces of ribs 1-12 posterior surfaces of ribs 3-9 spinous processes of upper five thoracic vertebrae
transverse processes of upper five thoracic vertebrae
When exploring between the scapulae, through which muscle tissue must you palpate to access the erector spinae fibers? trapezius and rhomboids latissimus dorsi serratus anterior and posterior rotatores and multifidi
trapezius and rhomboids