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Fete Galante

Is a category of painting specially created by the French Academy in 1717 to describe Antoine Watteau's (1684-1721) variations on the theme of the fête champêtre, which featured figures in ball dress or masquerade costumes disporting themselves amorously in parkland settings. When Watteau applied to join the French academy in 1717, there was no suitable category for his works, so the academy simply created one rather than reject his application. Example: Pilgrimage of Cynthera Jean Antoine Watteau

Pope Urban VIII Barberini

Pope Urban VIII was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 6 August 1623 to his death in 1644. He expanded the papal territory by force of arms and advantageous politicking, and was also a prominent patron of the arts and a reformer of Church missions

Ovid's Metamorphoses

The Metamorphoses is a Latin narrative poem by the Roman poet Ovid, considered his magnum opus. Comprising 11,995 lines, 15 books and over 250 myths, the poem chronicles the history of the world from its creation to the deification of Julius Caesar within a loose mythico-historical framework.

Laocoon

The story of Laocoön is not mentioned by Homer, but it had been the subject of a tragedy, now lost, by Sophocles and was mentioned by other Greek writers, though the events around the attack by the serpents vary considerably. The most famous account of these is now in Virgil's Aeneid where Laocoön was a priest of Neptune (Poseidon), who was killed with both his sons after attempting to expose the ruse of the Trojan Horse by striking it with a spear Example: Laocoön and His Sons is a marble sculpture from the Hellenistic Period showcases an interest in the realistic depiction of movement. In the action-packed scene, three figures frantically try to free themselves from the grasp of sinuous serpents. No matter how much they twist and turn, however, they remain entangled, culminating in a swirling mass of snakes and limbs.

Drypoint:

This is another process where marks are made on a plate using a sharp, pointed instrument. However, in drypoint the curl of displaced metal that forms as the line is cut, called the burr, is not removed. It is inked and creates a velvety appearance. Soft copper plates are generally used for drypoint printing. Example: The three crosses Rembrandt

Etching:

This process uses acid to bite an image into a metal plate coated with an acid-resistant ground. The ground is a coating used to protect the plate from the action of the acid. Typically the hard ground is drawn through with a needle, exposing the metal to form the image to be printed. Etching is also used as a catch-all term for any intaglio process employing an acid bath in the production of an image. Example Hundred Guilder Print Rembrandt

Landscape:

also known as landscape art, is the depiction of landscapes in art—natural scenery such as mountains, valleys, trees, rivers, and forests, especially where the main subject is a wide view—with its elements arranged into a coherent composition. In other works, landscape backgrounds for figures can still form an important part of the work. Sky is almost always included in the view, and weather is often an element of the composition example: View of Haarlem across the bleaching fields Jacob Van Ruisdale

Rococo:

an exceptionally ornamental and theatrical style of architecture, art and decoration which combines asymmetry, scrolling curves, gilding, white and pastel colors, sculpted molding, and trompe l'oeil frescoes to create surprise and the illusion of motion and drama Example: The Swing Jean Honore Fragonard

Still life

depicting mostly inanimate subject matter, typically commonplace objects which are either natural or man-made example: Still-life with Brioche 1763 Jean Simone Chardin

Woodcut:

is a relief printing technique in printmaking. An artist carves an image into the surface of a block of wood—typically with gouges—leaving the printing parts level with the surface while removing the non-printing parts. Areas that the artist cuts away carry no ink, while characters or images at surface level carry the ink to produce the print. The block is cut along the wood grain. The surface is covered with ink by rolling over the surface with an ink-covered roller (brayer), leaving ink upon the flat surface but not in the non-printing areas Example: The Four Horsemen Albrecht Durer

History painting:

painting defined by its subject matter rather than artistic style. History paintings usually depict a moment in a narrative story, rather than a specific and static subject, as in a portrait. Example: Allegory of Venus Agnolo Bronzino

Genre Scene:

petit genre, depicts aspects of everyday life by portraying ordinary people engaged in common activities. Example: Peasant Dance Pieter Bruegel the elder

The Barberini Bees

the bee has always been a symbol of hard work, dedication, and eloquence. St. Ambrose and St. Bernard of Clairvaux, both connoisseurs and propagators of the Holy Scriptures were associated with this symbol, and in hagiographic sources they are often at the centre of episodes with bees as protagonists. The church was often seen and interpreted since the early Christian ages as a beehive, in other words as a community in which believers and figures of the clergy were like little laborious and devoted bees.

Baroque style

the exuberant, expressive style most closely associated with the seventeenth century. The term itself may come from the Portuguese word barroco, referring to an irregular pearl; it means contorted, even grotesque, and was intended as a disparaging description of the grand, turbulent, dynamic, overwhelming style of seventeenth-century art.

Allegory:

when the subject of the artwork, or the various elements that form the composition, is used to symbolize a deeper moral or spiritual meaning such as life, death, love, virtue, justice etc example: primavera Sandro Botticelli

Portraiture

where the intent is to represent a specific human subject. The term 'portrait painting' can also describe the actual painted portrait example: Leonardo Da Vinci Mona Lisa

Di sotto in su

which means "seen from below" or "from below, upward" in Italian, developed in late quattrocento Italian Renaissance painting, illusionistic ceiling perspective Example: Andrea Mategna Oculus

Farnese Hercules

The Farnese Hercules is a massive marble statue, following a lost original cast in bronze through a method called lost wax casting. It depicts a muscular, yet weary, Hercules leaning on his club, which has the skin of the Nemean lion draped over it. In myths about Heracles, killing the lion was his first task. He has just performed one of the last of The Twelve Labours, which is suggested by the apples of the Hesperides he holds behind his back.

Jean-Antoine Watteau Pilgrimage to Cythera 1717

An evocation of love and includes elements of classical mythology Cythera. Which came to be viewed as an island of love, was one of the setting for the Greek myth of the birth of Aphrodite Watteau has created a delightful yet slightly melancholic scene The action unfolds in the foreground from right to left like a continuous narrative, which suggests that the figures may be about to board the boat Two lovers remain engaged in their amorous tryst; behind them, another couple rises to follow a pair down the hill as the reluctant young women casts a longing look back at the goddess's sacred grove The delicate colors suggest the gentle nature of the lovers relationship The subtle gradations of tone showed Watteau's debt to Rubens and helped establish the supremacy of Rubenistes

Engraving:

Developed in Europe in the 15th century. In engraving, the image is created by the burin, a wedge or lozenge-shaped tool, directly on the plate. Example: st. Jerome in his study Albrecht durer