Unit 7 AP Human Geography

Income distribution

Some seemingly wealthy countries can have an even income distribution

Dependency Theory

The idea that resources flow from poor and under developed states (periphery) to the wealthy states (the core)

Impacts of restructuring and outsourcing

The increase in manufacturing jobs in LDCs has led to Deindustrialization and a decline in these jobs in MDCs

Rostow The age of mass consumption

The industrial based on the needs of the economy and the primary sector is of greatly diminished wait in the economy and society. Consumer society of high-value goods like automobiles

Commodity dependence

economic dependence on exports of raw materials

Tertiary economic sectors

Activities revolve around the idea of providing a service

Quinary Economic Sector

Activities that are characterized by decision makers, such as executives for those who serve in government roles

Multiplier affects

Additional economic opportunities that can be generated. For example, a corporation is adding to establishing a new location will create other economic benefits like coffee shops and lunch places.

Impacts of economic restructuring on the LDC

Higher employment, increasing urbanization, increasing middle-class, and poor labor laws which can result in worker abuse

Rostow Traditional society

Almost entirely a primary sector economy. Most people will be engaged in agriculture

Special economic zones

An area of a country where the business and trade laws are different from other regions of the country

Growth poles

An area where economic growth starts and spreads to surrounding areas

Post-fordist methods of production

Automation

Wallerstein's World systems theory

Based on the believe that in the world economic system, countries are inter-dependent

Just in time delivery

Companies receive raw materials are goods only as they need them

Economies of scale

Cost advantages reaped by companies when production becomes efficient. Companies can achieve economies of scale by increasing production and lowering costs.

Rostow The preconditions for takeoff

Demand for raw materials will encouraged change

HDI

Human Development Index. A decent standard of living, measured by gross national income per capita

Formal and informal structures of the economy

Foremost taxed, regulated by the government

Gross national income per capita

GNP divided by a countries population so that you have an estimated income per person

Semi periphery

Industrializing, mostly capitalist countries that are positioned between the periphery and core countries. Manufacture of the export of a variety of goods

Rostow The drive to maturity

Industries expand a new ones quickly pop up. Manufacturing shifts from Capitol goods towards cars and appliances

Gross national product

Measures the value of goods and services produced by country citizens both domestically and abroad

Outsourcing

Moving jobs in manufacturing and production, as well as jobs and services, outside and area or country in which a company is located

Changes as result of the world economy

Outsourcing and economic restructuring have led to a decline in jobs in core regions is an increase in jobs in newly industrialized countries

Primary Economic Sector

Primary activities are those that are extractive, e.g., taking something from the earth

Quaternary Economic Sector

Quaternary Activities involve processing information; especially in the areas of finance, insurance, and real estate

Secondary Economic Sector

Secondary Activities process the item or manufacture something from it (industry)

Rostow The takeoff

Technological innovations, industrialization begins, urbanization increases. Secondary sector expands and primary sector decreases.

Agglomeration

The clustering of similar industries in the same area

Core

The developed, industrialized part of the world like the US and Canada.

Rostow stages of economic growth

The theory that all countries were capable of modernizing, developing, and rising out of poverty. He based his assumptions by looking at western countries I had industrialized such as Britain

Periphery

The underdeveloped, typically raw materials exporting part of the world like sub-Saharan Africa

Theories of development

These are different theories that help explain the different special variations in development

International division of labor

This is an outcome of globalization in the interconnectedness of the world economy. It is a shift of manufacturing industries from developed countries to developing countries

Gross domestic product

Total value of goods produced in services provided in a country during one year

Eco tourism

Tourism-based and natural environments and frequently helps to protect the environment in question while also providing jobs for the local population

Impact of economic restructuring on MDC

Unemployment, population losses in manufacturing cities, urban taco, and companies may become more efficient and profitable due to lower cost being passed on to consumers

Economic restructuring

Urban areas shift from manufacturing industry in factories to a service sector economic base

Free trade zones

Usually in the area around an airport or support where goods can be landed, stored, handled, manufactured, reexported

Export processing zones

Zones typically in developing countries that focus on manufacturing for export