unit 8 ap psych

Which of the following is an example of Albert Ellis' rational emotive behavior therapy?

A therapist refutes irrational beliefs

Which of the following scenarios is consistent with the behavioral therapeutic approach?

Ralph is misbehaving in school so Dr. Evans creates a token economy to increase Ralph's good behavior.

What is an appropriate reason for a clinician to break confidentiality?

The client is a danger to self or others.

Paul is seeing a cognitive therapist to treat his depression. What piece of advice is Paul's therapist likely to give him?

Try to replace your catastrophic thinking with more realistic, positive thoughts.

Which scenario is most closely related to the results of the 1973 Rosenhan study?

After Andy received a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa, his family interpreted all of his behaviors as symptoms of his diagnosis.

Oliver has been afraid to leave his house for several months. He cannot identify anything in particular that scares him, but he has begun having food and groceries delivered and keeps his shades drawn. Oliver most likely suffers from what disorder?

Agoraphobia

As a child, Ryan took delight in hurting animals. As an adult, he frequently abuses strangers and feels no remorse. What diagnosis would Ryan most likely receive, and why?

Antisocial personality disorder, because lack of empathy and remorse are characteristics of this disorder.

Jimmy has a difficult time paying attention in class. He often gets up from his seat, he demonstrates repetitive behaviors, and has difficulty making eye contact with others. What disorder is Jimmy most likely experiencing?

Autism spectrum disorder

Dr. Keeler believes that a strong therapeutic alliance causes positive therapeutic outcomes. He tests this hypothesis by randomly assigning individuals seeking therapy to either work with a therapist or work through a therapy workbook and then measuring the reduction in symptoms after eight weeks. Dr. Keeler concludes that therapy is beneficial to anyone experiencing psychological problems. Why is Dr. Keeler's conclusion invalid?

B Dr. Keeler conducted his study from individuals seeking out therapy; therefore, his results are not applicable to the general population.

Bree, who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, remains motionless for hours despite her family's attempts to interact with her. What symptom is Bree demonstrating?

Catatonia

Greg experienced trauma as a young child. Now as an adult, in times of stress, his voice and mannerisms change and he claims to be a different person. Greg's symptoms are most in line with what psychological disorder?

Dissociative identity disorder

Dr. Vazquez is interested in comparing the effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy with that of antidepressant drugs in treating depression. Which research design is he most likely to use?

E Randomly assigning participants to either take an SSRI or receive a brief electrical current through their brain

Which therapeutic lifestyle change would have a positive impact on someone's well-being if they experience bouts of depression?

Engaging in aerobic exercise

Which research design, using twenty participants, would most effectively determine how well a drug treats depression?

Evaluate how much negative thinking the participants are experiencing. Then assign ten participants to a group that receives the drug and ten participants to a placebo group. After ten weeks of treatment, evaluate how many negative thoughts they are experiencing again.

Dr. Freddy believes that the development of schizophrenia is solely caused by biological factors. Which of the following is NOT accounted for by this belief?

If one member of a set of identical twins develops schizophrenia, the other twin has an almost 50 percent chance of also developing schizophrenia.

Joaquim wants to determine whether cognitive therapy is effective in treating depression. He measures the depression levels of 40 participants using a pretest, making several practical behavior-change recommendations to implement, and then measuring depression levels in a posttest. Joaquim concludes that cognitive therapy was effective in treating depression. Why is this conclusion invalid?

Joaquim should have used a control group.

Gale reluctantly visited a psychotherapist because he is unable to maintain personal relationships. He says, "People don't understand how fortunate they are when I give them the opportunity to come out with me. Sometimes they even say they already have other plans. They clearly are making a mistake turning me down!" Gale's mindset is most indicative of what disorder?

Narcissistic personality disorder

Which of the following individuals would most likely experience the lowest level of stigma because of their psychological disorder diagnosis?

Ronaldo, a man, who was diagnosed with anorexia nervosa

Lena has experienced severe pain in her right arm for years, although her doctor can find no cause or external symptom for the pain. Lena would most likely be diagnosed with what psychological disorder?

Somatic symptom disorder

Dr. Jones hypothesizes that antianxiety drugs cause a reduction in central nervous system activity. In order to test the hypothesis, what should her independent variable be?

Taking Xanax versus taking a placebo

Which of the following is the primary reason for using the most current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)?

To use a reliable classification system for mental disorders

To test the effectiveness of an SSRI, Dr. Morris randomly assigns one group of participants to receive the drug and assigns the other group a placebo. Dr. Morris is most likely using

an experimental design, and the dependent variable is depression

Since her father's death, Nina has become dangerously thin because she exercises compulsively and strictly limits her eating. Based on these symptoms, Nina would most likely be diagnosed with what disorder?

anorexia

Geraldine goes through a few weeks of feeling so sad that she can barely summon the energy to leave her bed. Then she will have an extended period of energy and productivity, during which she barely sleeps. Geraldine would most likely be diagnosed with what disorder?

bipolar disorder

Which of the following most likely emphasized listening intently and feeling positively about a client no matter what the client did in therapy?

carl rogers

What term associated with psychological disorders best describes a thought, feeling, or behavior that is atypical or rare?

deviant

Scott is undergoing psychoanalysis to try to deal with his severe anxiety. What technique is his therapist likely to use?

free association

Cheryl, who is 85, is having difficulty remembering her phone number and address; at times, she is unsure of where she is. Cheryl is most likely experiencing

major neurocognitive disorder

Every night as he readies for bed, Steven walks in a circle beside his bed five times, afraid that something terrible will happen if he does not. Then, after lying down, he fears that he did not count right, gets up, and repeats the circling. This cycle continues to the point that he gets little sleep. Steven most likely has what disorder?

obsessive control disorder

Ever since Minnie witnessed a serious car crash, she continues to have vivid nightmares and reacts with panic at any sudden noise. Minnie's symptoms are most indicative of what disorder?

ptsd