Week 4 Chapter 9 Equine Clinical procedures

Patients with permanent tracheostomies are more susceptible to lower respiratory tract infections because: A. Their appetite is decreased. B. They must be kept indoors. C. The natural defense mechanisms of the upper airway are bypassed. D. Swelling from the tracheostomy blocks expulsion of mucus from the lungs.

C. The natural defense mechanisms of the upper airway are bypassed.

A dental float for use on the lower arcade typically has: A. A long, straight handle and blade B. A short, angled handle and blade C. We do not use a handle and blade D. A hoof rasp

A. A long, straight handle and blade

Enemas are commonly performed in: A. Foals B. Young horses C. Middle-aged horses D. None of the above

A. Foals

The standard location for implantation of microchips in the horse is: A. In the nuchal ligament (ligamentum nuchae) B. In the semitendinosus muscle C. In the inguinal region D. In the tail

A. In the nuchal ligament (ligamentum nuchae)

The standard location for lip tattoos in the horse is: A. Mucosal side of the upper lip B. Mucosal side of the lower lip C. Medial mucosal surface D. Lateral mucosal surface

A. Mucosal side of the upper lip

A patient with a tracheostomy tube should have the tube removed for cleaning: A. Every 2 hours B. 1 to 2 times daily C. Every 2 days D. Once a week

B. 1 to 2 times daily

A client calls to say that an "object" was found in their horse's feed bucket that looks just like a tooth. The horse is 3 years old. What is the most likely identity of the "object"? A. A wolf tooth B. A cap C. A salivary stone (sialolith) D. Urolith

B. A cap

When performing a tracheotomy, the incision into the trachea is made: A. Through the tracheal rings B. Between the tracheal rings C. Through the esophageal rings D. Between the esophageal rings

B. Between the tracheal rings

Which of the following can bring down inflammation during thrombophlebitis? A. Propranolol B. DMSO C. DES D. None of the above

B. DMSO

When working around a standing ataxic animal, the greatest potential danger to humans is: A. Injury to the spine from the stress of lifting the legs of the horse B. Getting stepped on or fallen on by the horse C. Getting urinated on or defecated on by the horse D. Getting kicked while testing the horse's reflexes

B. Getting stepped on or fallen on by the horse

After removal of a tracheostomy tube, the incision: A. Is sutured back together B. Is left to heal by granulation (second-intention healing) C. Is not made D. Is taped with a butterfly

B. Is left to heal by granulation (second-intention healing)

When a horse requires repeated ophthalmic medication administration. Which of the following procedures should be considered? A. External coaptation B. Tracheostomy C. Subpalpebral lavage D. BAL

C. Subpalpebral lavage

When an animal has a cast or injury on one leg, what complication can arise in the opposite leg? A. Laminitis B. Inflammation of tendons C. Inflammation of ligaments D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following is not a clinical sign of dental disease? A. Quidding B. Tilting the head while eating C. Foul odor to the breath D. Lameness

D. Lameness

There is no danger to a scavenger that consumes the tissues of an animal euthanized with a barbituric acid derivative because the drug breaks down into nontoxic molecules within several minutes after it is administered. TRUE FALSE

False -Scavenging should be a concern

When performing skin preps in the area of the eye, alcohol is recommended for rinsing because it is nonirritating to the cornea. TRUE FALSE

False -Alcohol should not be used around the eyes.

Arthrocentesis is always performed using a 20-gauge × 1-inch needle. TRUE FALSE

False -Needle size depends on numerous factors.

After insertion of the catheter into the jugular vein, the pressure occluding the vein should be inserted. TRUE FALSE

False -Occlusion pressure should be continued during advancement of the catheter.

If pleural effusion is identified in one pleural cavity, it is assumed that there is pleural effusion in the other pleural cavity. TRUE FALSE

False -The pleural cavities are separated.

Compression of dead space is important for proper external coaptation. TRUE FALSE

True

Horses often become resentful to eye medication application. TRUE FALSE

True

Red blood cells can be introduced into body fluids by bleeding caused by the procedure used to obtain the body fluid. TRUE FALSE

True

Rouleux is common in horses. TRUE FALSE

True

Sinus trephination may be performed on a standing horse using sedation and local anesthesia. TRUE FALSE

True

When removing a horseshoe, it is important to prevent chipping of the hoof wall. TRUE FALSE

True

Wolf teeth are typically removed in a standing horse. TRUE FALSE

True

Bleeding from an IM injection site is common in horses. TRUE FALSE

true

Even when a problem is detected, intravenous catheters should not be removed without permission of the clinician in charge of the case. TRUE FALSE

true

Fluids from body cavities are normally transparent (not cloudy). TRUE FALSE

true

Fluids from body cavities normally have low protein levels. TRUE FALSE

true

For local anesthesia of synovial structures such as joint blocks, the local anesthetic should be obtained from a new, unopened container of anesthetic. TRUE FALSE

true

Hoof rasps can be utilized to remove clinches. TRUE FALSE

true

Intravenous injections into the jugular vein are preferably given in the cranial half of the jugular groove, where the jugular vein and carotid artery are separated by a muscle. TRUE FALSE

true

Neuromuscular blocking agents may be used in emergency situations for restraining an animal for euthanasia but are absolutely condemned for use as the actual euthanasia agent. TRUE FALSE

true

The most common source of bacterial contamination of an intravenous catheter is from human manipulation/contamination of the catheter hub and injection cap. TRUE FALSE

true

Thrombophlebitis may occur with or without bacterial colonization of the thrombus. TRUE FALSE

true

Using a balling gun to deliver medication to horses is not advisable because of increased risk of trauma to the tissues of the pharynx and larynx. TRUE FALSE

true

When creating hoof bandages with a nonelastic tape, the tape should not be applied on or above the coronary band because of the risk of constricting blood flow to the hoof. TRUE FALSE

true

When performing or assisting nasogastric intubation, the safest position for personnel is to the side of the head and forequarters of the horse to avoid being struck with the front legs. TRUE FALSE

true

It is difficult to tell a wolf tooth from other cheek teeth as they look extremely similar. TRUE FALSE

false

The ideal tissue sample size for histopathology specimens of large animals is 2 cm × 2 cm × 1 cm, which is approximately twice the recommended sample size for small animals. TRUE FALSE

false

When creating hoof bandages with a nonelastic tape, the tape should not be applied too tightly to the hoof wall because of the risk of constricting blood flow in the hoof. TRUE FALSE

false

Elastic adhesive tapes are preferred for tail bandages because it is not possible to strangulate the coccygeal artery with an elastic adhesive tape. TRUE FALSE

false -Elastic adhesive tapes are difficult to remove.

Bandages should be monitored at least once every 48 hours. TRUE FALSE

false -Bandages should be monitored ideally twice a day.

Cast sores are uncommon in horses; when they occur, they indicate an improperly applied cast. TRUE FALSE

false -Cast sores are common

Euthanasia consent forms are not necessary for large animals. TRUE FALSE

false -Euthanasia consent forms are needed for all species.

The bladder of male horses cannot be successfully catheterized. TRUE FALSE

false -Male equine bladders can be catheterized.

When giving oral medications to horses, they often swallow all of their medication without trying to spit it out. TRUE FALSE

false -Most horses spit oral medications out.

Finding mucus in horse urine is a sign of renal failure. TRUE FALSE

false -Mucus in horse urine is normal.

Nerve blocks should be started proximally if performing a lameness exam. TRUE FALSE

false -Nerve blocks for lameness exams should be started distally.

Fluids from body cavities normally contain bacteria. TRUE FALSE

false -Some body fluids are sterile.

Patients with limb casts should be hand-walked for a maximum of 5 minutes daily to encourage circulation in the legs. TRUE FALSE

false -Stall rest is mandatory.

When a supporting strut is incorporated into a limb splint, the strut should be placed directly against the skin; then all bandage materials are placed over the strut. TRUE FALSE

false -Struts should not be placed directly against the skin, padding should separate the skin and strut to prevent rubbing.

The atlantooccipital space can be safely accessed with the patient standing and heavily sedated. TRUE FALSE

false -The space is only safely accessed under general anesthesia.

Finding calcium carbonate crystals in horse urine indicates antifreeze poisoning. TRUE FALSE

false -These crystals are normal in horses.

Thoracocentesis is used to obtain samples of fluid from the lower airways of the lungs. TRUE FALSE

false -Thoracocentesis is more useful for pleural disease

Thrombophlebitis of one jugular vein is always fatal. TRUE FALSE

false -Thrombophlebitis is not always fatal.

Large animals autolyze more slowly than small animals; therefore, it is not as important to perform necropsies soon after death. TRUE FALSE

false -Timely necropsies are important to obtain quality samples.

Adding medication in powdered form to grain provides a reliable method of delivering medications to horses. TRUE FALSE

fasle -The powder often falls through the grain and isn't consumed.