480 Final

in loco parentis-

"In the place of parents."

Which of the following is not one of the underlying themes of classroom management discussed in the text? a. collaborating with other teachers to develop your own classroom rules b. communicating expectations to the students c. involving students in development of class rules and consequences d. ensuring that the rules represent positive behaviors leading to positive self-esteem

* a. collaborating with other teachers to develop your own classroom rules

A formative test differs from a summative test in which of the following ways? a. Summative tests take longer to administer. b. Formative tests are formal (such as written tests); summative tests are informal. * c. The instructor does not intend to re-teach based upon results of a summative test. d. Formative tests determine whether a child advances to the next grade level.

* c. The instructor does not intend to re-teach based upon results of a summative test.

"Classroom pragmatics" refers to which of the following? a. hands-on activities that are designed to involve students in learning b. design of lesson plans * c. practical concerns that are non-instructional responsibilities of the teacher d. time spent in observations and student teaching to "practice" teaching

* c. practical concerns that are non-instructional responsibilities of the teacher

In standardized testing, what is the function of the "norm group"? a. to review the content of the test prior to administration to other students *b. to set a standard for the test based on a representative population of test-takers c. to see that the test is administered under consistent conditions and restrictions d. to grade the test by following the "normal procedures" set for that test

*b. to set a standard for the test based on a representative population of test-takers

One of the earliest Roman educators to recognize the special needs of young children and who warned parents to be careful in the selection of those who would interact with their children was which of the following? a. Aquinas b. Eberticus *c. Quintilian d. Caesar

*c. Quintilian

With regard to the consequences for inappropriate behavior, the text suggests that: a. academic penalties (for example, deducting points from a grade) is an appropriate and effective consequence b. combining academics and discipline is a reflection of real life *c. discipline and academics are two different entities ed. students respond best when behavior is tied to achievement

*c. discipline and academics are two different entities

The first publicly supported high school was established in Boston in what year? a. 1906 b. 1879 C. 1779 *d. 1821

*d. 1821

The evolution of classical humanism developed during which of the following periods? a. The Dark Ages (AD 400 - 1000) b. The Middle Ages (AD 500 -1400) c. The Socratic Period (BC 469 - 399) *d. The Renaissance (fourteenth and fifteenth centuries AD)

*d. The Renaissance (fourteenth and fifteenth centuries AD)

compulsory education

- A requirement that parents enroll and send their children to school. In America it dates to the Massachusetts Act of 1642.

voucher

- An allocation equal to the average per-pupil cost for a child's education in a specific area's public school.

disaggregate analysis

- An analysis of test data that identifies the performance of students by ethnic group, by economic status of the family (through eligibility for free or reduced school lunches), and by gender.

How did the text define "assessment"? a. the means by which information is gathered to make a variety of decisions b. providing students with grades to reflect their performance c. district-based systems for evaluating teacher performance d. review of instructional plans prior to implementation

- a. the means by which information is gathered to make a variety of decisions

contract

-A binding agreement between two parties.

Dame schools

-A colonial school typically run by an educated widow or a housewife in her own home for a fee. It provided initial academic instruction for boys, particularly those from the middle and upper dasses.

induction period

-After being hired by a school district, a probationary period, typically from one to three years, during which the teacher is mentored and evaluated.

tenure

-An on-going contract to teach (sometimes referred to as a continuing contract).

sophists

-Ancient Greek teachers, who had a wide range of expertise in many fields, taught rhetoric and oratory.

mandated reporter

-As such, in cases of reporting suspected child abuse/neglect, teachers are granted immunity from prosecution.

academic freedom

-Extends to teachers the right to speak freely about the subjects they teach and to introduce varied - and competing - viewpoints on an issue to encourage inquiry, experimentation with new ideas, and critical consideration of topics.

common school

-Free schools for the working class students, both girls and boys.

categorical grants

-Grants that allow state education agencies maximum flexibility to apportion the funds according to their specific needs.

block grants

-Grants that allow state education agencies the flexibility to use the funds to meet their specific needs within the framework of the federal law. In essence, a number of special programs are folded into a block grant.

due process

-Procedures intended to ensure faimess and accountability of both parents/guardians and educators. They include the rights of parents to have evaluations conducted by personnel outside the school system and to request a hearing when they disagree with the school's proposed plans.

parochial schools

-Schools affiliated with some religious group. They originally were established by churches such as Baptist, Catholic, Mennonite, and Quaker.

private venture schools

-Schools established with private rather than public funds. They include parochial schools as well as nondenominational private schools.

McGuffey Readers

-Six volumes written by the Reverend William H. McGuffey and published from 1836 to the early 20th century. Poems and stories emphasized honesty, truth, obedience, and hard work Their message of moral virtue influenced generations of Americans,

high stakes tests

-Standardized achievement tests used for promotion, graduation, and/or assignment of school grades and penalties for poor school-wide performance (as well as rewards for good performance). Thus, they have serious negative implications for students and/or schools that do not meet predetermined criteria.

pedagogues

-The Greek adult who led a child to school, discussing important issues (and thus tutoring) the child on the way. In colonial days the term was used to refer to a teacher.

teacher accountability

-The concept that the teacher is responsible for the achievement of students, regardless of their circumstances (e.g., cognitive, social, psychological, environmental, physical).

normal school

-The forerunners of teacher-preparation colleges and universities. They taught their prospective teachers the normal practices for teaching children.

Latin Grammar Schools

-The forerunners to what we now consider "high school," they were patterned after schools in Europe and prepared students to enter divinity schools.

liability

-The possibility of taking blame for an incident.

vocational training

-Training as preparation to enter the world of work in some trade (e.g., as a carpenter, electrician, mason, mechanic).

sexual harassment

-Unwanted and unwelcome sexual behavior that interferes with your life.

breach of contract

-When either party in a contract fails to meet their obligations.

When Ralph Tyler evaluated the progressive Education Association's Eight Year Study (1932-1940) he found that: a. students in the control group tended to score higher on problem solving, inventiveness, and motivation b. there was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group C. progressive education had little impact upon student achivement -d. students in the experimental groups had higher grade point averages in all subjects with the exception of foreign languages

-d. students in the experimental groups had higher grade point averages in all subjects with the exception of foreign languages

hornbook

A copy of the alphabet laminated onto a paddle-shaped piece of wood using a thin transparent sheet made from a cow's hom.

Carnegie Unit

A course credit for the successful completion of a specified high school course (e.g. Spanish I, Algebra II). It includes satisfactory grades and may also include passing an end-of-course test developed by the state.

norm group

A group of test-takers specifically identified as being representative of the population for whom the assessment was designed. Results from the norm group are used to set the standard for test.

problem-solving conference

A meeting involving the teacher and student (and perhaps the parents/guardians) to help a student assume responsibility for his or her actions and find a way to resolve the situation without losing the sense of dignity.

humanism

A philosophy that emphasizes the value and meaning of education rather than the mere dissemination and acquisition of facts.

vernacular schools

A school established by Protestants. It used the common language rather than Latin for instruction.

state education agency (SEA)-

A state department of education responsible for directing and overseeing the local education agencies within its jurisdiction.

classroom pragmatics

A term referring to tasks that a teacher routinely accomplishes apart from "instructional" activities. Examples include classroom management and the assessment of student performance.

individualized education program (IEP)

A written plan, specific for each child, that consists of a description of the child's current performance, the goals for the year, the services to be rendered, and the means by which the results will be measured.

classroom management

Activities in which a teacher engages before, during. and after interacting with students. These activities, which focus on the prevention of misbehavior, allow instruction to take place.

school choice

An array of options to the child's neighborhood, traditional, school placement.

summative assessment

An assessment given to assign a grade. Usually it is based on a relatively large amount of information and addresses content that will not be re- taught.

formative assessment

An assessment in which information is gathered for instructional purposes. Usually the assessment is based on a relatively small body of information.

English Grammar School

As a response and altemative to the Latin Grammar School, secondary schools that emphasized a practical education with classes conducted in English rather than in Latin. Some English Grammar Schools admitted females.

classroom assessment

Assessments that are typically designed by the classroom teacher to assess a very specific population with regard to material specifically presented in that class.

routines

Behaviors that are learned or demonstrated so well that they become automatic.

As of 2006, ________states allow the use of corporal punishment in discipline matters involving students. a. 33 O b. 43 C. 23 d. 13

C. 23

Who contended that a Hierarchy of Needs beginning with the needs for food, clothing, and shelter and then safety and self-esteem had to come before the acquisition of higher-level growth needs? a. B.F. Skinner b. Carl Rogers C. Abraham Maslow d. Jean Piaget

C. Abraham Maslow

Ethics relate to morals in which of the following ways?

C. Ethics represent a code of behavior for preserving one's moral beliefs.

Tenure, in education, represents: O a. that the U.S. Department of Education has certified the teacher as eligible for an ongoing contract to teach. b. seniority C. an ongoing contract to teach d. a contractual agreement that a teacher cannot be dismissed

C. an ongoing contract to teach

The American Association of University Women (AAUW) defines sexual harassment as: a. any behavior that makes reference to one's sexual orientation O b. exchanges, provoked or otherwise, of sexually explicit messages C. any unwanted or unwelcome sexual behavior that interferes with one's life O d. student-to-student sexual contact

C. any unwanted or unwelcome sexual behavior that interferes with one's life

Those activities in which a teacher engages before, during, and after interacting with students to allow instruction to take place are known as: a. discipline b. planning C. classroom management d. assessment

C. classroom management

The three part test established by the U.S. Supreme Court in matters of religion and the public schools includes all of the following except: a. active involvement of school authorities b. sponsorship C. number of students that will be affected d. source of financial support

C. number of students that will be affected

In the late 1800's, "Jim Crow" laws effectively served which of the following purposes? a. integration of African Americans into mainstream opportunities within the society b. segregation of public schools C. separation of African Americans from mainstream opportunities within the society d. initial integration of public schools

C. separation of African Americans from mainstream opportunities within the society

Which of the following philosophies suggests that teachers should have an affective emphasis and should engage students in questions of moral dilemmas as a means of understanding the implications of one's actions? a. essentialism b. progressivism C. social reconstructionism d. perennialism

C. social reconstructionism

When constructing summative assessments, Stiggins recommends that teachers keep the perspective that the real users of assessment data are: a. the teacher's immediate supervisor (department chair, principal, etc.) b. parents C. students d. district office personnel

C. students

A well-founded program of classroom management requires: a. district-developed and district-wide implementation of a discipline program b. understanding of classroom management terms, practice, and funding * C. understanding of classroom management terms, planning, and practice d. a statement of policy provided to the parents

C. understanding of classroom management terms, planning, and practice

land-grant colleges-

Colleges established and funded for the study of agriculture and the mechanical arts. Funds were secured from the rent or sale of public lands in each state. See the Morrill Act of 1862.

rules

Descriptors of required observable behaviors.

Which of the following Supreme Court rulings handed down the decision that a state-written prayer for use in schools was an unconstitu- tional violation of the First Amendment? a. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) b. Lau v. Nichols (1974) c. Brown v. Board of Education (1954) d. Engel v. Vitale (1962)

Education d. Engel v. Vitale (1962)

home schooling

Education provided to children in the home by the parent/caregiver.

_______represent a means by which parents can send their children to a public school other than the one in their home district. O a. Magnet schools O b. Referrals O C. Vouchers O d. Charter schools

O C. Vouchers

Local school board members are: O a. hired by the district O b. appointed O C. elected O d. volunteers

O C. elected

From a legal standpoint, calling a student by a derogatory or mocking name would fall under the heading of: a. slander b. libel C. intentional tort d. unintentional tort

O C. intentional tort

Teachers, as _________are required by law to report suspected child abuse or neglect, and are thus immune from prosecution or lawsuit for making such a report. a. mandated clinical supervisors O b. mandated teachers O C. mandated reporters O d. officers of the court (by virtue of public employment)

O C. mandated reporters

Which of the following represents the largest poverty group among children O a. Whites O b. Asians O c. Blacks O d. Hispanics

O a. Whites

A family structure that includes the presence of several generations, which can include aunts and uncles or other relatives as well as grandparents is known as: O a. extended family O b. blended family O c. nuclear family O d. functional family

O a. extended family

Public schools that attempt to attract students by focusing on a particular academic, vocational, or specialty study is known as which of the following? O a. magnet school O b. district honors school O c. vocational / tech school O d. charter school

O a. magnet school

The National Center for Education Statistics has indicated that approximately two-thirds of adolescents struggle with which of the following? O a. reading proficiently O b. basic mathematical computation O C. science literacy O d. attendance issues

O a. reading proficiently

Approximately how many children in the U.S. are living in foster care? O a. 118,000 O b. 440,000 O c. 1,000,000 O d. 237,000

O b. 440,000

Approximately what percentage of a school district's budget is allocated for teacher salaries and benefits (health care, etc.)? O a. 65 O b. 82 O C. 33 O d. 52

O b. 82

Among girls, which group currently has the highest dropout rate? O a. Asians O b. Hispanics O c. Whites O d. Blacks

O b. Hispanics

School choice refers to which of the following? O a. the parent's right to send a child with disabilities to a private facility O b. available educational options apart from the neighborhood school O c. the school's responsibility to choose curricular materials for its student population O d. the school's responsibility to choose appropriate disciplinary actions

O b. available educational options apart from the neighborhood school

School personnel responsible for the overall direction of the curriculum and instruction activities in a district are often referred to as which of the following? O a. personnel directors O b. curriculum specialists O C. textbook adoption supervisors O d. instruction specialists

O b. curriculum specialists

The analysis of test data that identifies the performance of students by ethnic group, by the economic status of the family, and by gender is referred to as which of the following? O a. analysis of variance O b. disaggregate analysis O C. statistical review O d. aggregate analysis

O b. disaggregate analysis

Which of the following is not one of the four categories of child maltreatment recognized today? O a. physical abuse O b. environmental deprivation O c. emotional maltreatment O d. neglect

O b. environmental deprivation

Which of the following is not among the recommendations of Druck and Kaplowitz for preventing school violence? O a. do not tolerate bullying O b. implement a zero-tolerance policy O c. report safety threats O d. enforce school policies

O b. implement a zero-tolerance policy

The various teacher perspectives of the purpose of schools, as discussed in the text, tend to emphasize which of the following? O a. conformity b. interpersonal skills O C. obedience O d. preparing for a job or vocation

O b. interpersonal skills

The grade-level cluster of prekindergarten through grade 3 is referred to as: O a. elementary O b. primary C. grammar O d. induction

O b. primary

By law, which of the following individuals would be charged with responsibility for overseeing all activities of a particular school building? O a. superintendent O b. principal O C. board of education O d. assistant superintendent for facilities and grounds

O b. principal

According to the text, dismissal for a tenured teacher can be more complex that for a probationary teacher because: a. tenured teachers earn higher salaries b. the award of tenure implies that the school has previously determined the teacher to be competent c. veteran teachers can usually afford attorneys or can utilize the legal services of professional organizations d. probationary teachers are not entitled to due process considerations

O b. the award of tenure implies that the school has previously determined the teacher to be competent

Families with children constitute about what percentage of people who become homeless? O a. 15 percent O b. 33 percent O c. 40 percent O d. 25 percent

O c. 40 percent

Which of the following borrows from Piaget's idea of an ever- expanding and dynamic knowledge base and from Vygotsky's notion of learning as an exercise in social interaction? O a. Behaviorism O b. Humanism O c. Constructivism O d. Socialism

O c. Constructivism

Though local superintendents often serve for four-year terms, the typical length of service of a superintendent is how many years? O a. 4 O b. 10 O c. 13 O d. 3

O d. 3

Your rights to privacy as a college student are part of what federal legislation? O a. The Safe Schools Act O b. The Elementary and Secondary Education Amendments of 1968 O c. The Student Right-to-Know and Campus Security Act O d. The Buckley Amendment

O d. The Buckley Amendment

The purpose of school is difficult to define from a parental perspective because: O a. schools are intended to serve a social function, not a familial function O b. parents typically do not care to comment about the purpose of schools O c. parents are not involved in determining the purposes of schools O d. different parents see the school as serving different functions

O d. different parents see the school as serving different functions

This chapter considers student diversity in terms of each of the following categories except: O a. poverty O b. homelessness O c. child abuse and neglect O d. ethnicity

O d. ethnicity

Which of the following was not among the factors identified by the Census Bureau as putting children at risk? a. presence of a personal disability O b. lack of English proficiency c. absence of either or both parents in the home O d. ethnicity

O d. ethnicity

Research indicates that which of the following tends to be true in single-parent households resulting from divorce? a. the absent parent begins to gain more influence the child O b. the socio-economic status tends to increase c. schools will assign a case worker to monitor the child O d. living with one parent is less traumatic for the child than the pre-divorce tension

O d. living with one parent is less traumatic for the child than the pre-divorce tension

Of the approaches taken by the schools to prevent teen pregnancy, the most promising have been programs emphasizing which of the following? O a. sex education b. education for "safe sex" O c. abstinence O d. role-playing parental responsibilities

O d. role-playing parental responsibilities

In her Teacher Testimonial, Julie Allen cites all of the following as issues facing students from low socio-economic backgrounds except: O a. lack of background experiences O b. acting as the parent O c. hunger O d. social isolation

O d. social isolation

bilingual education

Provided to children with limited English speaking ability.

charter schools-

Public schools organized under a charter established by parents, teachers, and/or other individuals to provide a particular educational experience.

magnet school

Public schools that focus on a particular academic, vocational, or specialty study.

tort law-

Refers to a civil or private wrong other than a breach of contract.

privatization-

Refers to the management of public schools by private enterprises, often referred to as education management organizations (EMO).

Academy

The Greek school established by Plato. The term is often used to refer to a liberal arts college.

Lyceum

The Greek school founded by Aristotle emphasizing rational thinking for good citizenship.

gain scores

The difference between pre- test and post-test scores, thus the student progress in a specific body of information.

categorical funding

The funding by the federal government of special programs (e.g., free lunch program for economically disadvantaged students, school construction, work programs for high school students).

assessment

The means by which a teacher gathers information to make a variety of decisions. It may include paper- and-pencil activities, demonstrations, reports, teacher observation, projects, and so on.

evaluation

The process of placing a value (a grade) on a piece of student work

scholasticism

The religious-philosophical study resulting from the rediscovery in the eleventh century of Aristotle's works.

least restrictive environment (LRE)-

The requirement that, to the extent possible, a handicapped child must be educated with non-handicapped children, that is, in a mainstreamed environment.

consequences

The results that inevitably follow when students fail to observe the rules. discipline A teacher takes after misbehavior occurs.

standardized testing

The use of norm- referenced tests to determine (a) the performance of individual students, (b) the grade and school achievement levels, and (c) the progress of students from one year to the next (spring to spring or fall to spring administrations).

procedures

The ways in which particular activities (e.g., taking attendance, collecting money, moving from place to place) are conducted.

Approximately how much money did the states ary education in the school year 2007-2008? contribute to elementary and second- a. $506 billion b. $174 billion c. $103 billion d. $1.1 trillion

a. $506 billion

The reform evaluation model indicates that the question of costs involved for a program should be considered in which stage of con- sidering a proposal? a. Implementation b. Nature of the Program c. Duration of the Program d. Need for the Program

a. Implementation

5. Which of the following legislative acts led the way for compulsory education? a. Massachusetts Act of 1642 b. Old Deluder Satan Act of 1647 c. National Defense Education Act d. No Child Left Behind Act

a. Massachusetts Act of 1642

A Code of Ethics for Teachers has been pub- lished by which organization? a. National Education Association (NEA) b. Association of Educators International (AEI) c. Organization for the Ethical Conduct of Teachers (OECT) d. Classroom Teachers of America (CTA)

a. National Education Association (NEA)

For whom were dame schools intended? a. boys b. girls and boys c. all free children d. girls

a. boys

Which of the following borrows from Piaget's idea of an ever-expanding and dynamic knowledge base and from Vygotsky's notion of learning as an exercise in social interaction? a. constructivism b. humanism C. socialism d. behaviorism

a. constructivism

Which of the following perspectives affords the teacher an opportunity to stimulate student thinking and then watch as students make meaningful connections between the lesson and their own experiences? a. constructivism b. social reconstructionism c. behaviorism d. humanism

a. constructivism

"Back to Basics" and the idea that there are core skills and knowledge that all students should acquire for sustaining our social order is characteristic of which philosophy? a. essentialism b. progressivism C. social reconstructionism d. perennialism

a. essentialism

Which of the following was not among the factors identified by the Census Bureau as putting children at risk? a. ethnicity b. presence of a personal disability c. having no person in the household employed d. lack of English proficiency

a. ethnicity

An assessment through which a teacher gathers information for the purpose of making instructional decisions is known as which of the following? a. formative assessment b. pop quiz C. summative assessment d. standardized test

a. formative assessment

Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act uses each of the following in determining whether a student is considered homeless except: O a. gross family income below $7000/year O b. have moved more than three times in the past year O c. has chronic head lice O d. live in substandard housing with cold or no running water or electricity

a. gross family income below $7000/year

3. Descartes' maxim, cogito ergo sum, is most closely linked with which philosophy? a. idealism b. realism c. pragmatism d. existentialism

a. idealism

Enrichment programs under the heading of "gifted and talented" fall under which of the following categories? a. intervention b. systemic initiative c. revision d. reform

a. intervention

Some effort that supplements normal pro- sponsibility or authority, is known as which enrichment, or by extending or reducing re- cedure, either by providing remediation or of the following? a. intervention b. systemic initiative c. revision d. reform

a. intervention

Which of the following is charged with set- ting policy and hiring and firing in individ- ual public school districts? a. local board of education b. state board of education c. state superintendent of education (or other similarly titled position) d. superintendent of schools for each local school district

a. local board of education

What branch of philosophy considers questions about the physical universe (e.g., the nature and origin of the physical world)? a. metaphysics b. logic C. axiology d. epistemology

a. metaphysics

A statistical model in which 34% of the population scores just above average and another 34% scores just below is known as the: a. normal curve b. standard distribution C. norm group d. population distribution

a. normal curve

A family structure consisting of two parents and one or more children in the household is known as which of the following?0 a. nuclear family b. extended family c. functional family d. blended family

a. nuclear family

"Back to Basics" and the idea that there are core skills and knowledge that all students should acquire for sustaining our social order is characteristic of which philosophy? a. perennialism b. essentialism c. progressivism d. social reconstructionism

a. perennialism

The grade-level cluster of prekindergarten through grade 3 is referred to as: a. primary b. grammar c. elementary d. induction

a. primary

It is the responsibility of the to ensure teacher competence. O a. state b. National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS) O c. federal government (the U.S. Department of Education) O d. employing school district

a. state

The text suggests that the question of providing academic credit (points) for a student's efforts is: a. still an issue of debate b. resolved by the use of clear objectives c. inappropriate d. appropriate

a. still an issue of debate

The courts would likely uphold a school's decision to curtail symbolic expressions (armbands, buttons with slogans, etc.) if: a. such a display caused the efficiency or safety of the school to be compromised O b. statements, explicit or implied, are contrary to the perspective of the school O c. too many students participate in the display O d. the student (or teacher) involved had displayed such symbols previously

a. such a display caused the efficiency or safety of the school to be compromised

Joyce Garrett conceptualizes the characteristics of an honorable teacher as including all of the following except: O a. teachers of honor work smart, not hard O b. teachers of honor care about humanity O C. teachers of honor give back to their professional and civic communities O d. teachers of honor work hard

a. teachers of honor work smart, not hard

Excellence in Education that served as a The report of the National Commission for "wake-up call" for American education was known as which of the following?

b. A Nation at Risk

It has been difficult to articulate the purpose of schools because: a. The purpose cannot be defined. b. Different groups (parents, business, educators, politicians) have different expectations. c. Laws keep changing. d. School demographics change.

b. Different groups (parents, business, educators, politicians) have different expectations.

The greatest share of education funding and the responsibility for securing and disbursing that funding is best described by which of the following statements? a. It is a collaborative effort between the federal government and each state. b. Each state bears the responsibility for public education within its borders. c. The federal government provides funding to regional consortiums of states. d. Funding of schools is accomplished independently by each school district.

b. Each state bears the responsibility for public education within its borders.

Which of the following was a staunch advocate for the provision of high-quality education to all children in the 19th century? a. Noah Webster b. Horace Mann C. John Dewey d. Thomas Jefferson

b. Horace Mann

A philosophy that emphasizes the value and meaning of education rather than the dissemination and acquisition of facts is known as which of the following? O a. Constructivism O b. Humanism c. Social reconstructivism O d. Behaviorism

b. Humanism

The Progressive Education movement is most closely aligned with the pragmatist philosophy of which of the following thinkers? a. St. Thomas Aquinas b. John Dewey c. Plato d. Alfred North Whitehead

b. John Dewey

The earliest of the federal land grants provid- ing land for public schools were which of the following? a. Morrill acts b. Northwest Ordinances c. Louisiana Purchase d. Amendments to the Lanham Act

b. Northwest Ordinances

The text suggests that a code of ethics is important for a teacher for which of the following reasons? O a. Teachers are licensed professionals. O b. Teachers hold a position of influence. O C. A teacher's code of ethics determines what moral values will be taught. O d. The text does not suggest that a code of ethics is important for a teacher.

b. Teachers hold a position of influence.

portant for a teacher for which of the follow- The text suggests that a code of ethics is im- ing reasons? a. Teachers are licensed professionals. b. Teachers hold a position of influence. c. It reflects the principles of a major professional association. d. A teacher's code of ethics determines what moral values will be taught.

b. Teachers hold a position of influence.

A period during the Middle Ages during which free thought and intellectual inquiry itself (anything that could question the dogma of the Church) was stifled, was known as which of the following? a. The Age of Religious Jurisdiction b. The Dark Ages c. The Age of Repression d. The Pre-Enlightenment Era

b. The Dark Ages

With what does John Dewey suggest that genuine thought begins? a. an idea b. a problematic situation C. an argument d. a decision to think

b. a problematic situation

Which of the following borrows from Piaget's idea of an ever-expanding and dy- namic knowledge base, and from Vygotsky's notion of learning as an exercise in social interaction? a. behaviorism b. constructivism c. humanism d. socialism

b. constructivism

The school grade range at which there is a shift in emphasis from learning to read to reading to learn is: a. primary b. elementary c. middle (or junior high) school d. grammar

b. elementary

Which of the following represents the branch of philosophy concerned with the way in which people come to know things? a. metaphysics b. epistemology ec. logic d. axiology

b. epistemology

Which branch of philosophy focuses on the ideas and beliefs that are valued by a society in a moral sense. a. axiology b. ethics C. aesthetics d. metaphysics

b. ethics

When using behaviorist techniques in the classroom, a teacher seeks to replace ________reinforcements with ________reinforcements. a. unconditioned / conditioned b. extrinsic / intrinsic c. intrinsic/ extrinsic d. conditioned / unconditioned

b. extrinsic intrinsic

In 1975, Public Law 94-142 required schools to provide a free and appropriate public edu- cation to which of the following groups? a. all children of U.S. citizenship regardless of the citizenship of their parents b. handicapped children between the ages of 3 and 18 c. children suffering from socioeconomic disadvantage d. Native American children

b. handicapped children between the ages of 3 and 18

The use of Smart Boards and individual re- sponse technology would be considered as which of the following? a. curriculum reform b. instructional reform c. intervention d. revision

b. instructional reform

In which of the following grade levels do students typically have their first opportunity to take elective courses? O a. elementary b. middle O c. high school O d. college

b. middle

A key to preventing the loss of instructional time is to_____a classroom management program. a. adjust b. practice C. post d. purchase

b. practice

Which philosophy would hold the expecta- tion that teachers should be experts in their subject matter and liberally educated so they might appreciate the place of their subject in relation to others? a. idealism b. realism c. pragmatism d. existentialism

b. realism

The terms resiliency and intentionality are of particular importance for which type of fam- ily structure? a. children of divorced parents b. same-sex relationships c. dysfunctional families d. multiethnic marriages

b. same-sex relationships

In the late 1800s, "Jim Crow" laws effectively served which of the following purposes? a. initial integration of public schools b. separation of African Americans from mainstream opportunities within the society c. segregation of public schools d. integration of African Americans into mainstream opportunities within the society

b. separation of African Americans from mainstream opportunities within the society

Senge argues that reforms fail because they fail to include which of the following? a. community support b. shared vision c. adequate funding d. research-based development

b. shared vision

A group of traveling teachers in ancient Greece was known as which of the following? a. philosophers b. sophists c. peripatetics d. tutors

b. sophists

In recent years bullying has been addressed not only as an example of school violence but also as: a. abuse b. teasing c. assault d. a misdemeanor

b. teasing

Axiology is characterized by an emphasis on Inotwhich of the following? a. questions about the physical universe and its origin b. truths that are so universally accepted as to be considered self-evident c. the nature and origin of truth and knowledge d. the attempt to bring order to the process of reasoning

b. truths that are so universally accepted as to be considered self-evident

The average hours per week television view-ing time of American children is: a. 17 c. 32 b. 28 d. 41

c. 32

According to Rubin and Borgers, what percentage of all students live in one-parent household at some point in their lives? O a. 15 O b. 25 c. 50 O d. 35

c. 50

Which of the following Supreme Court deci- sions deemed the policy of "separate but equal" educational opportunities as unconstitutional? a. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) b. Lau v. Nichols (1974) c. Brown v. Board of Education (1954) d. Engel v. Vitale (1962)

c. Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

A period during the Middle Ages during which free thought and intellectual inquiry itself, any- thing that could question the doctrine and dogma of the Church, was stifled, was known as which of the following? a. Age of Repression b. Pre-Enlightenment Era c. Dark Ages d. Age of Religious Jurisdiction

c. Dark Ages

Which of the following is not one of the pri- mary categories that the text suggests for the evaluation of a reform initiative? a. Implementation b. Nature of the Program c. Duration of the Program d. Need for the Program

c. Duration of the Program

Which of the following represented a secondary school in the 1700s that emphasized a practical education with classes conducted in English? a. Vocational School b. Latin Grammar School c. English Grammar School d. Community College

c. English Grammar School

Who was a staunch advocate for the provi- sion of a high-quality education to all chil- dren in the nineteenth century? a. Noah Webster b. Thomas Jefferson c. Horace Mann d. John Dewey

c. Horace Mann

Your rights to privacy as a college student are part of what federal legislation? a. Buckley Amendment b. Student Right-to-Know and Campus Security Act c. Safe Schools Act d. Elementary and Secondary Education Amendments of 1968

c. Safe Schools Act

Which of the following textbooks included moral lessons, word lists, and pronunciation guides that began to generate a national iden- tity apart from Great Britain? a. Hornbook b. New England Primer c. Webster's American Spelling d. McGuffey Reader

c. Webster's American Spelling Book

School choice refers to which of the following? a. the school's responsibility to choose curricular materials for its student population ob. the schools responsibility to choose appropriate disciplinary actions c. available educational options apart from the neighborhood school d. the parent's right to send a child with disabilities to a private facility

c. available educational options apart from the neighborhood school

Which of the following does the text not mention as a way business is involved in edu- cation policy? a. tax funding b. financial involvement such as sponsorship, grant funding, and scholarships c. business leaders as guest lecturers in high school classes d. demands of education such as preparing trained workers

c. business leaders as guest lecturers in high school classes

With regard to a teacher's appearance, courts have recently been inclined to rule that hair styles and styles of dress for teachers: O a. are a personal matter O b. carry constitutional rights of choice c. do not carry constitutional rights of choice d. are to be determined by the state

c. do not carry constitutional rights of choice

When using behaviorist techniques in the classroom, a teacher seeks to replace ________reinforcements with ________reinforcements. a. intrinsic/extrinsic b. conditioned / unconditioned c. extrinsic / intrinsic d. unconditioned / conditioned

c. extrinsic / intrinsic

Research has shown that children of never- married mothers have been subject to which of the following? a. greater home stabilityo b. an advantage in academic development over children of divorced parents c. greater disadvantage academically than children of divorced parents d. no academic advantage or disadvantage as compared with children in nuclear families

c. greater disadvantage academically than children of divorced parents

Which of the following perspectives maintains that the truth, or knowledge, is something that exists and is not created, but rather is discovered? a. realism b. existentialism c. idealism d. pragmatism

c. idealism

In states that require the reporting of sus- picion of child abuse, teachers are held im- mune from prosecution arising from making such a report because they are considered as which of the following? a. state employees b. agents of the child welfare agency c. mandated reporters d. "need to know" personnel

c. mandated reporters

Which of the following perspectives focuses on seeking out processes that help people to reach desirable ends and includes a consideration of the consequences of those actions? a. realism b. essentialism c. pragmatism d. existentialism

c. pragmatism

By law, which of the following individu- als would be charged with responsibility for overseeing all activities of a particular school building? a. superintendent b. assistant superintendent for facilities and grounds c. principal d. board of education

c. principal

John Dewey is most closely associated with which of the following philosophical movements? a. perennialism b. essentialism c. progressivism d. social reconstructionism

c. progressivism

Which of the following is the reason most of- ten given by parents for homeschooling their children? a. religious beliefs b. teachers are not qualified c. the public school environment d. the school does not challenge the child intellectually

c. the public school environment

As part of a student's right to due process, in disciplinary matters such as those that could involve long-term suspension, all of the following apply except: O the school must provide a description of the procedures to be followed at the hearing O b. notification of the time and place of the hearing must be provided O c. the student agrees to be bound by the decision of the committee hearing the case O d. written notice of the charges must be provided to the student

c. the student agrees to be bound by the decision of the committee hearing the case

As of 2010 it was estimated that there were how many homeless children at some point during the year? a. 250,000 b. 500,000 c. 1,000,000 d. 1,500,000

d. 1,500,000

As recently as 2010, approximately how many children in the United States between the ages of 5 and 17 lived in poverty? a. 5,000,000 b. 8,000,000 c. 11,000,000 d. 14,000,000

d. 14,000,000

Which of the following would be an example of privatization? a. A group of parents opens a charter school when the district consolidates their local school. b. A private academy opens in a community and draws students from the public schools. c. A school does not allow visitors on campus during the school day. d. An education management organization assumes administration of a public school.

d. An education management organization assumes administration of a public school.

The 1954 U.S. Supreme Court decision which rejected the constitutionality of "separate but equal" shools was the case of: a. Lau v. Nichols b. Plessy v. Ferguson c. Ingraham v. Wright d. Brown v. Board of Education

d. Brown v. Board of Education

Who contended that a Hierarchy of Needs beginning with the needs for food, clothing, and shelter and then safety and self-esteem had to come before the acquisition of higher- level growth needs? a. Jean Piaget b. B. F. Skinner c. Abraham Maslow d. Carl Rogers

d. Carl Rogers

Which of the following Supreme Court rulings handed down the decision that a state-written prayer for use in schools was an unconstitutional violation of the First Amendment? a. Brown v. Board of Education (1954) b. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) c. Lau v. Nichols (1974) d. Engle v. Vitale (1962)

d. Engle v. Vitale (1962)

What function does a state legislature not serve? a. It provides funds for education. b. It makes laws related to education. c. It influences the practices of the state board of education. d. It grants certification to administrators for advanced degrees.

d. It grants certification to administrators for advanced degrees.

The Progressive Education movement is most closely aligned with the pragmatist philoso- phy of which of the following thinkers? a. Plato b. St. Thomas Aquinas c. Alfred North Whitehead d. John Dewey

d. John Dewey

Which of the following was the impetus for the flow of nearly a billion dollars of federal money toward curriculum reform projects in math, science, and the "new" subject area of social sciences in the late 1950s and early 1960s? a. Brown v. Board of Education b. Curriculum for the 21st Century Act c. No Child Left Behind Act d. National Defense Education Act

d. National Defense Education Act

Some say the federal government's responsi- bility with regard to education is included in it is the U.S. Constitution, whereas others say not. Which side is correct? a. The federal government's responsibility is clearly established in Article 1, Section 8. b. Education is a matter of state's rights according to the 10th Amendment to the Constitution. c. Both sides are correct; it is the federal government's responsibility. d. Neither side is absolutely correct because education is not specifically mentioned in the U.S. Constitution.

d. Neither side is absolutely correct because education is not specifically mentioned in the U.S. Constitution.

One of the earliest Roman educators to recog- nize the special needs of young children and who warned parents to be careful in the selection of those who would interact with their children was which of the following? a. Caesar b. Eberticus c. Aquinas d. Quintilian

d. Quintilian

What is meant by the phrase in loco parentis? a. parental dysfunction b. acting in partnership with parents c. parents in need of transportation d. acting in the place of parents

d. acting in the place of parents

3. A family structure in which the children may be his from a prior marriage, hers from a prior mar- riage, and theirs is known by which of the follow- ing terms? a. nuclear family b. extended family c. functional family d. blended family

d. blended family

Assessments that are typically designed by the classroom teacher to assess a very specific population with regard to material specifically presented in that class is referred to as which of the following? a. standardized testing b. teacher accountability measures c. population specific assessment d. classroom assessment

d. classroom assessment

In the 1600's, schools of the middle colonies (New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware) began to focus on education for: a. preparing young men for divinity school b. advanced study abroad c. farming and plantation management d. commnerce and business skills

d. commnerce and business skills

The text suggests that the impetus for reform in education has historically been because of which of the following? a. competition with other nations b. parents' desire for the best possible educational opportunities for c. appreciation of change as necessary progress d. dissatisfaction with the prevailing condition of education

d. dissatisfaction with the prevailing condition of education

Which of the following represents the branch of philosophy concerned with the way in which people come to know things? a. metaphysics b. axiology c. logic d. epistemology

d. epistemology

Which philosophy places the responsibilities that come with being a thinking being on the shoulders of each individual? a. idealism b. realism c. pragmatism d. existentialism

d. existentialism

Which of the following was not among the seven goals of the NEA's 1918 committee report, The Cardinal Principals of Secondary Education? a. worthy home membership b. worthy use of leisure time c. vocation d. global citizenship

d. global citizenship

The perspective that certain ideas and truths transcend time and are prevalent in the great literature of the ages is known as which of the following? a. existentialism b. essentialism c. progressivism d. perennialism

d. perennialism

John Dewey is most closely associated with which of the following philosophical movements? a. essentialism b. perennialism C. social reconstructionism d. progressivism

d. progressivism

Which philosophy holds the expectation that teachers should be experts in their subject-matter and liberally educated so they might appreciate the place of their subject in relation to others? a. pragmatism O b. existentialism c. idealism d. realism

d. realism

that seeks to replace some aspect A program of the current educational operation is re- ferred to as which of the following? a. intervention b. systemic initiative c. revision d. reform

d. reform

The efficacy of discipline in a teacher's classroom will be directly related to: a. the teacher's ability to adapt the rules to different situations b. who makes the rules c. student behavior d. rules, consequences, and enforcement

d. rules, consequences, and enforcement

Which of the following philosophies sug- gested that teachers should have an affec- tive emphasis and should engage students in questions of moral dilemmas as a means to understanding the implications of one's actions? a. perennialism b. essentialism c. progressivism d. social reconstructionism

d. social reconstructionism

A group of traveling teachers in ancient Greece were known as which of the following? a. peripatetics b. tutors c. philosophers * d. sophists

d. sophists

The concept that teachers are responsible for the achievement of students regardless of their circumstances (e.g. cognitive, social, psychological, environmental, physical) is known as which of the following? a. in loco parentis b. professional responsibility c. teacher responsibility d. teacher accountability

d. teacher accountability

Does a building principal have the authority to establish grading practices within a school? a. with the consensus of the faculty in that school * Ob. yes C. no O d. with the approval of the school board

d. with the approval of the school board

New England Primer-

illustrated textbook that offered religious readings. Originally published in 1690, the New England Primer was the mainstay of colonial education for more than 100 years.

normal curve

statistical model in which 34% of the scores fall at or just below the middle score, and another 34% fall at e just above the middle. Another 13% of the scores fall farther above the middle while 13% more fall farther below the middle. About 3% of the scores fall at one extreme and another 3% at the other.