A&P Chapter 24: Urinary System

Micturition is another name for urination. is a reflex triggered by stretch receptors in the urinary bladder. requires the opening of two sphincters. requires contraction of the muscularis layer of the urinary bladder. All of the choices are correct.

All of the choices are correct.

What is the value of transitional epithelium in the urinary system? Its cilia help propel the urine. It can contract to produce peristalsis. It protects against trauma. It allows distension. It provides cushioning.

It allows distension.

Which class of nephron is crucially important in establishing a salt concentration gradient in the kidney so that urine concentration can be regulated? Adrenal nephrons Juxtamedullary nephrons Intercalated nephrons Cortical nephrons

Juxtamedullary nephrons

What is the correct sequence of organs for the formation and elimination of urine? Kidney, urethra, bladder, ureter Kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra Kidney, bladder, ureter, urethra Bladder, urethra, kidney, ureter Urethra, bladder, kidney, ureter

Kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra

Which type of distal cell within kidney tubules and collecting ducts are responsive to aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone? Principal cells Type A cells Type B cells Intercalated endocrine cells

Principal cells

Which is not a function of the kidneys? Removal of wastes from the blood Regulation of acid-base balance Regulation of blood pressure Regulation of lymphocyte production Regulation of erythrocyte production

Regulation of lymphocyte production

Which step(s) in the process of urine formation occur in the renal tubule? Filtration, secretion, and reabsorption Reabsorption only Filtration only Secretion only Secretion and reabsorption only

Secretion and reabsorption only

Which of the following is a nitrogenous waste product produced from nucleic acid breakdown in the liver? Creatinine Urea Uric acid Deoxyribose

Uric acid

Place the regions of the nephron in the correct order for the process of urine formation. a: Capsular space of glomerulus b: Nephron loop c: Collecting duct d: Distal convoluted tubule e: Proximal convoluted tubule b, e, c, d, a a, e, b, d, c a, c, b, e, d b, d, c, e, a e, d, b, a, c

a, e, b, d, c

Nutrients such as glucose and amino acids within the tubular fluid are completely reabsorbed. have a little less than half of their tubular fluid concentration reabsorbed. have half of their plasma concentration secreted. have concentrations in the filtrate and urine that match their transport maximum. are completely secreted.

are completely reabsorbed.

Put the portions of the male urethra in the correct order, from the urinary bladder to the exterior. a: Spongy part b: Urethral orifice c: Prostatic part d: Membranous part c, a, d, b b, c, d, a b, a, c, d b, c, a, d c, d, a, b

c, d, a, b

Sympathetic stimulation of the kidney results in dilation of afferent arterioles and an increase in the surface area of the glomerulus. constriction of afferent arterioles and an increase in the surface area of the glomerulus. dilation of afferent arterioles and a decrease in the surface area of the glomerulus. constriction of afferent arterioles and a decrease in the surface area of the glomerulus.

constriction of afferent arterioles and a decrease in the surface area of the glomerulus.

ANP is a hormone that causes dilation of the afferent arterioles and inhibition of renin release. constriction of the afferent arterioles and inhibition of renin release. constriction of the afferent arterioles and release of renin. dilation of the afferent arterioles and release of renin.

dilation of the afferent arterioles and inhibition of renin release.

The capillaries of the glomerulus differ from most other capillary networks in the body because they carry only deoxygenated blood. contain no endothelium. secrete mucus. drain into an arteriole instead of a venule. absorb nutrients from the glomerular capsule.

drain into an arteriole instead of a venule.

The presence of proteins in the plasma tends to push fluid across the filtration membrane. draw fluid back into the glomerulus.

draw fluid back into the glomerulus.

An obstruction in the glomerulus would affect the flow of blood into the proximal convoluted tubule. afferent arteriole. efferent arteriole. distal convoluted tubule. renal artery.

efferent arteriole.

The thick tangle of capillary loops found within a corpuscle is known as the glomerulus. glomerular capsule. Bowman. convoluted capillary bed. nephron.

glomerulus.

Blood pressure in the glomerulus is _______ than in other capillaries due to the relatively large diameter of ________ arterioles. higher; afferent lower; efferent higher; efferent lower; afferent

higher; afferent

Normal urine has a specific gravity that is ________ than the specific gravity of pure water; dehydration leads to a __________ in the specific gravity of urine. lower; increase higher; increase lower; decrease higher; decrease

higher; increase

If someone is bleeding severely, the body's adaptive response is to decrease sympathetic stimulation of the kidney and therefore increase GFR. increase sympathetic stimulation of the kidney and therefore decrease GFR. decrease sympathetic stimulation of the kidney and therefore decrease GFR. increase sympathetic stimulation of the kidney and therefore increase GFR.

increase sympathetic stimulation of the kidney and therefore decrease GFR.

The hormone ANP is released from the heart and causes the urinary system to increase urine volume and blood volume. decrease urine volume and increase blood volume. decrease urine volume and blood volume. increase urine volume and decrease blood volume.

increase urine volume and decrease blood volume.

Dehydration results in decreased ADH secretion and decreased water reabsorption. increased ADH secretion and decreased water reabsorption. decreased ADH secretion and increased water reabsorption. increased ADH secretion and increased water reabsorption.

increased ADH secretion and increased water reabsorption.

The countercurrent multiplier is a system by which the nephron loop dilutes the concentration of solutes in the tubular fluid at its hairpin turn. vasa recta secretes multiple amounts of metabolic wastes against their concentration gradient. nephron loop multiplies the concentration of salts in the interstitial fluid of the kidney medulla. vasa recta becomes more concentrated with nitrogenous wastes than the urine.

nephron loop multiplies the concentration of salts in the interstitial fluid of the kidney medulla.

The primary mechanism of water reabsorption in the kidney is primary active transport by means of a protein pump. bulk transport by means of endocytosis. osmosis through aquaporins. secondary active transport by means of a sodium-water symporter.

osmosis through aquaporins.

In response to low blood ________, the kidneys secrete __________. potassium; erythropoietin sodium; calcitriol glucose; calcitriol oxygen; erythropoietin calcium; renin

oxygen; erythropoietin

The kidneys are located ___________ the peritoneum. within anterior to posterior to

posterior to

Generally, most water reabsorption in a nephron occurs at the nephron loop and is called obligatory water reabsorption. proximal convoluted tubule and is called obligatory water reabsorption. proximal convoluted tubule and is called facultative water reabsorption. nephron loop and is called facultative water reabsorption.

proximal convoluted tubule and is called obligatory water reabsorption.

Most tubular reabsorption occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule, where cells have many flagella. proximal convoluted tubule, where cells have many microvilli. distal convoluted tubule, where cells have many flagella. distal convoluted tubule, where cells have many microvilli.

proximal convoluted tubule, where cells have many microvilli.

The normal pH for urine is anything below 7.0. ranges between 4.5 and 8.0. ranges between 3.0 and 6.0. is anything above 7.0 ranges between 8.0 and 9.0 for someone with a diet high in protein.

ranges between 4.5 and 8.0.

Aldosterone is a steroid hormone that __________ synthesis of Na+/K+ pumps and Na+ channels in principal cells of kidney tubules. stimulates inhibits

stimulates

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) inhibits reabsorption of calcium but stimulates phosphate reabsorption. stimulates reabsorption of calcium but inhibits phosphate reabsorption. inhibits reabsorption of both calcium and phosphate. stimulates reabsorption of both calcium and phosphate.

stimulates reabsorption of calcium but inhibits phosphate reabsorption.

The largest possible amount of a substance that can be reabsorbed or secreted across a kidney tubule wall in a given duration of time is known as the transport maximum. glomerular filtration rate. renal threshold. net filtration pressure. renal clearance exponent.

transport maximum.

The ___________ transfer urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. vas deferens and uterine tubes ureters efferent arteries urethras

ureters

Podocytes are cells with foot-like processes called pedicels. Podocytes are found in the basement membrane of the glomerulus. periphery of the distal convoluted tubule. visceral layer of the glomerular capsule. endothelium of the glomerulus.

visceral layer of the glomerular capsule.