ADV Chapter 14
acceptance cycles
- a way to differentiate among classes of fashion in terms of their longevity - classic is long, fashion is moderate (grows then declines), fad is short (grow then decline)
________ is/are the mental characteristics of people and the way they relate to their environment and social group.
Ideology
Fashion system, cycles
Includes all people and organization that create symbolic meanings and transfer the meaning to cultural goods Classic Fad Moderate
Culture is best described as a society's ________.
Personality
Rituals
Set of multiple, symbolic behaviors that occurs in a fixed sequence and is repeated periodically
________ is the way people maintain an orderly social life.
Social structure
(T or F) Most holidays commemorate a cultural myth.
True
Profane consumption
describes objects and events that are ordinary or everyday; they don't share the "specialness" of sacred ones
Fad
- a short-lived fashion - few people adopt it, spreads quickly
Culture
- a society's personality - includes shared meanings, values, ethics, and traditions - describe a culture in terms of ecology, its social structure, its ideology.
Myths
- a story with symbolic elements that represent a culture's ideals.
Hofstede's 6 Dimensions
- an instrument used to measure cross-cultural values; scores a country in terms of these 1. Power distance 2. Individualism 3. Masculinity 4. Uncertainty avoidance 5. Long-term orientation 6. Indulgence versus Restraint
Emic perspective
- explain a culture as insiders experience it - emic approach to a culture is subjective and experiential - an attempt to derive meaningful concepts within one culture
High-low culture
- high culture: commonly refers to the set of cultural products in the arts, held in the highest esteem by a culture - culture of an elite (aristocrats) - low culture: less-well educated, barbarians, or the masses
Cultural movement
- instruments of movement: advertising and fashion systems, consumption rituals - destinations of movement: cultural values and symbols --> consumer goods --> individual consumer
Etic perspective
- reflects impressions of a culture as outsiders view it - focuses on commonalities across cultures -
Rites of Passage
- rituals we perform to mark a change in social status - separation, liminality, aggregation
Cultural production system
- the set of individuals and organizations that create and market a cultural product - CPS structure determines the types of products it creates
Cultural formula
-familiar roles and props occur consistently - mass culture churns out products that aim to please the average taste of a mass audience
3 Cultural production subsystems
1. Creative subsystem - generate new symbols and products 2. Managerial subsystem - manage distribution of new products 3. Communications subsystem - give meaning and symbolic set to new product
4 types of rituals
1. Grooming rituals: help us transition from our private self to our public self 2. Gift-giving rituals: buy gift and deliver it; economic and symbolic exchange - gestation, presentation, reformulation 3. Holiday rituals: Celebrate holidays 4. Rites of passage
Cultural production process
1. Symbol pool --> 2. Creative subsystem, managerial subsystem --> 3. Culture production system--> 4. Communications subsystem --> 5. Cultural gatekeepers (formal, informal)--> 6. Consumer --> consumer innovation--> symbol pool CYCLE
Four major segments re: global brand consumption
1. global citizens (use global successes of a company as a sign of innovation, concerned about social responsibility), 2. global dreamers (not as concerned about social responsibility), 3. antiglobals (avoid transnational companies), 4. global agnostics (don't base purchases based on a brand's global attributes)
Cultural systems
Consists of these functional areas: 1. Ecology: the way a system adapts to a habitat 2. Social structure: the way people maintain an orderly social life 3. Ideology: the mental characteristics of a people and the way they relate to their environment and social groups
Movie and restaurant reviewers, magazine editors, retail buyers and DJ's are considered ________ because they filter information.
Gatekeepers
A story containing symbolic elements that express the shared emotions and ideals of a culture is called a ________.
Myth
________ usually dictate what is right and wrong, acceptable or unacceptable.
Norms
Pop culture
The aspects of current culture that make up its arts and entertainment (such as fads, fashions, art, media, music, movies, sports, advertising, etc.)
(T or F) In many cultures, myths feature talking animals that act as mediating figures.
True
Sacred consumption
occurs when we "set apart" objects and events from normal activities and treat them with respect or awe