ANA 209 FINAL QUESTIONS
What is the name of the laryngeal cartilage that completely encircles the larynx? A) Cricoid B) Corniculate C) Thyroid D) Arytenoids
A) Cricoid
Which of the following is NOT an effect of thyroid hormones? A) Decreased heat production B) fetal and childhood growth C) promote alertness D) Stimulation of protein synthesis
A) Decreased heat production
What does the hormone produced by the heart do? A) Increases sodium excretion in the kidney. B) Increases potassium excretion in the kidney. C) Increases sodium absorption in the kidney. D) Increases the heart rate and force.
A) Increases sodium excretion in the kidney.
Which of the following hormones is NOT secreted by the liver? A) Insulin B) Insulin-like growth factors C) Angiotensinogen D) Precursor for calcitriol E) Erythropoietin
A) Insulin
What is the name of the area where the thyroid, parathyroid and thyroid C cells have their embryonic origins? A) Pharyngeal pouches B) Neural crest cells C) Ectoderm of the pharynx D) Neural tube
A) Pharyngeal pouches
Where does the lower respiratory tract begin? A) The trachea B) The choanae C) The primary bronchi D) The bronchioles E) The glottis
A) The trachea
Which is NOT a part of the pharynx? A) Vertebropharynx B) Nasopharynx C) Laryngopharynx D) Oropharynx
A) Vertebropharynx
The cessation of breathing for 10 seconds or longer during sleep is called sleep _____________. A) apnea B) pneumonia C) rhinitis D) atelectasis
A) apnea
The area of the lung that sets upon the diaphragm is called the ________________. A) base B) apex C) costal surface D) mediastinal surface
A) base
The epithelium of the bronchioles contains _____________________. A) cilia B) flagellum C) very few goblet cells D) type two alveolar cells
A) cilia
The major muscle for inspiration is the __________________. A) diaphragm B) external intercostals C) internal intercostals D) scalenes
A) diaphragm
Normally the distance from the thyroid to the arytenoid cartilages is ________________. A) longer in males B) longer in females C) the same length in both males and females
A) longer in males
The thyroid gland lies adjacent to the trachea within the ________________. A) neck B) mediastinum C) thoracic cavity D) abdominal cavity
A) neck
A lack of the thyroid hormones can cause problems with the development of the _____________. A) nervous system B) muscular system C) GI system D) urinary system
A) nervous system
Odors are detected by cells in the __________________. A) olfactory mucosa B) erectile tissue C) sphenoethmoidal recess D) inferior meatus
A) olfactory mucosa
Normally the endocrine systems response time is ______________ than that of the nervous system. A) slower B) faster C) not any different D) the same
A) slower
The only cells that respond to a hormone are called ____________________. A) target cells B) neuroendocrine cells C) secretory cells D) inhibitory cells
A) target cells
The superior pair of laryngeal folds is called the _________________ folds. A) vestibular B) vocal C) thyrohyoid D) epiglottic
A) vestibular
_________ secretes insulin.
B cells
Which structure develops from an embryonic pouch that grows upward from the ectoderm of the pharynx? A) Pineal gland B) Adenohypophysis C) Neurohypophysis D) Thymus gland
B) Adenohypophysis
What structure is most important in keeping food out of the trachea? A) Glottis B) Epiglottis C) Soft palate D) Vocal folds
B) Epiglottis
What is the name of the area that lies posterior to the choana and superior to the soft palate? A) Laryngopharynx B) Nasopharynx C) Oropharynx D) Palatopharynx
B) Nasopharynx
What is the name of the two hormones that are released by the adrenal medulla upon stimulation by the sympathetic nervous division? A) Gastrin and inhibin B) Norepinephrine and epinephrine C) Dopamine and serotonin D) Insulin and glucagon
B) Norepinephrine and epinephrine
This structure forms during a pregnancy and becomes a very powerful endocrine organ. What is the name of the structure? A) Amnion B) Placenta C) Umbilical cord D) Yolk sac
B) Placenta
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? A) Endocrine glands lack ducts. B) The effect of hormones is shorter than the effect of nerve impulses. C) Steroid hormones are carried in the blood by transport proteins. D) Hormones may have widespread, distant effects on the body. E) A common second-messenger is cyclic AMP.
B) The effect of hormones is shorter than the effect of nerve impulses.
What is the name of the gland that is found in the mediastinum superior to the heart and is normally involuted in the adult? A) Pineal B) Thymus C) Thyroid D) Pancreas
B) Thymus
The point of division of the trachea into the right and left primary bronchi is called the _______________. A) glottis B) carina C) esophagus D) trachea
B) carina
The stomach and small intestine produce up to 10 different hormones called _______________________ hormones. A) renal regulatory B) enteric C) biliary D) ilio-regulatory
B) enteric
The opening between the vocal cords (folds) is called the ________________. A) epiglottis B) glottis C) cornu D) arytenoidius
B) glottis
The cells of the testes that produce inhibin, the hormone, are called ______________________. A) sustentacular B) gonadal C) primary D) interstitial
B) gonadal
The chemical messengers that are secreted into the bloodstream and stimulate physiological responses in distant organs are called ________________. A) neurotransmitters B) hormones C) modulators D) facilitators
B) hormones
The endocrine gland(s) of the pancreas are called ____________. A) pars cells B) islet cells C) zona cells D) interstitial cells
B) islet cells
Throughout the nasal and bronchial tree this layer of _________________ is used to entrap particulate matter. A) villi B) mucous C) smooth D) cartilage
B) mucous
Neuroendocrine cells are _______________________. A) neurons that regulate secretion by endocrine glands. B) neurons that release hormones into the blood. C) neurons whose activity is regulated by hormones. D) endocrine cells that respond to neurotransmitters.
B) neurons that release hormones into the blood.
The parathyroid glands produce ________________ hormone. A) calcitonin B) parathyroid C) thyroxine D) ossegenic
B) parathyroid
The smallest passageways in the lung to have ciliated epithelia are ______________. A) terminal bronchioles. B) respiratory bronchioles. C) tertiary bronchi. D) alveolar ducts.
B) respiratory bronchioles.
The nose is divided into right and left sides by the _________________. A) meatus B) septum C) vibrissae D) turbinates
B) septum
The pancreatic hormone gastrin should ______________ acid secretion. A) inhibit B) stimulate C) have no effect upon
B) stimulate
The airway from the nose to the larynx is called the _________________. A) respiratory division B) upper respiratory tract C) lower respiratory tract D) posterior lung system
B) upper respiratory tract
Which is NOT a hormone of the anterior pituitary? A) growth hormone B) vasopressin C) adrenocorticotropic hormone D) follicle-stimulating hormone
B) vasopressin
The attachment of the vocal folds posteriorly is to these cartilages. What are the names of these cartilages? A) Cuneiform B) Corniculate C) Arytenoid D) Epiglottic
C) Arytenoid
Which is NOT normally produced by the adrenal cortex? A) Sex steroids B) Mineralocorticoids C) Growth hormone D) Glucocorticoids
C) Growth hormone
What is the name of the gland that are small ovoids in the neck and most people have four but about 5% of people have more? A) Pineal B) Thymus C) Parathyroid D) Pancreas
C) Parathyroid
What is the name of the bony structure that houses the pituitary gland? A) Crista galli B) Anterior cranial fossa C) Sella turcica D) Clivus
C) Sella turcica
What two male and female structures function as endocrine glands? A) Penis and uterus B) Prostate and vagina C) Testes and ovaries D) Bulbourethral glands and vestibular glands
C) Testes and ovaries
-Why are there rings of hyaline cartilage in the trachea? A) To provide support for passage of food through the esophagus. B) To provide support for the mucociliary escalator. C) To keep the passageway open for the continuous flow of air. D) To prevent choking.
C) To keep the passageway open for the continuous flow of air.
The major structure of the nose is due to the lateral and ____________ cartilages. A) nasal B) septal C) alar D) vestibular
C) alar
The pineal gland is found in the ________________ and may regulate melatonin levels. A) neck B) abdominal cavity C) brain D) pelvic cavity
C) brain
The walls of the primary, secondary and tertiary bronchi all contain _____________________. A) trachealis muscle only B) a hilum C) cartilage D) bony spicules
C) cartilage
The hypothalamus is connected to the anterior pituitary gland by the ______________. A) hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract B) direct nerve connections C) hyophyseal portal system D) pre and post synaptic nerve fibers
C) hyophyseal portal system
A loss of the beta cells of the pancreas would impact the level of this hormone. What is it called? A) glucagons B) somatostatin C) insulin D) gastrin
C) insulin
Noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus results when ______________________ A) glucagon is able to compensate for the deficiency of insulin. B) somatostatin is able to compensate for the deficiency of insulin. C) insulin is secreted but target cells lack receptors for it. D) insulin binds to its target cells but the cAMP second-messenger system fails to work.
C) insulin is secreted but target cells lack receptors for it.
The largest of the external cartilages is called the ___________________. A) septal B) alar C) lateral D) nasal
C) lateral
A molecule of oxygen must pass each of these structures in order to get to the alveoi of the lungs. Which sequence is correct? A) lungs - nose - throat - trachea B) throat - nose - lungs - trachea C) nose - throat - trachea - lungs D) trachea - throat - lungs - nose
C) nose - throat - trachea - lungs
The largest of the laryngeal cartilages is the ______________ cartilage. A) cricoid B) carniculate C) thyroid D) arytenoids
C) thyroid
The guard hairs of the nose are called __________________________. A) vestibule hairs B) superior choanae C) vibrissae D) cilia
C) vibrissae
The projections from the inside of the nose are called _____________. A) Vibrissae B) Nares C) Meatus D) Conchae
D) Conchae
What is the name of the glands that release their product directly into the bloodstream? A) Exocrine B) Apocrine C) Holistic D) Endocrine
D) Endocrine
Which of the following has NO effect on blood pressure? A) Aldosterone B) Atrial natriuretic peptide C) Angiotensin II D) Erythropoietin E) Antidiuretic hormone
D) Erythropoietin
Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system? A) It allows exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and air. B) It contributes to maintenance of pH balance. C) It helps to expel abdominal contents during defecation and childbirth. D) It helps to transport gases to tissues. E) It permits laughing.
D) It helps to transport gases to tissues.
Which is NOT a function of the respiratory system? A) It provides oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange between the blood and air. B) It serves for speech. C) It provides the sense of smell. D) It serves to remove urea from the blood.
D) It serves to remove urea from the blood.
Which of these organs does NOT have endocrine cells? A) Heart B) Liver C) Kidney D) Rectum
D) Rectum
What is the function of the air passages beneath the conchae that create turbulence within the nasal cavity? A) They amplify the voice. B) The lower passages between the inferior and middle nasal conchae provide surface area for olfactory mucosa. C) They cool the air as it enters. D) They ensure that air is warmed and humidified.
D) They ensure that air is warmed and humidified.
What is the name of the structure that connects the cricoid cartilage to the primary bronchi? A) Glottis B) Carina C) Esophagus D) Trachea
D) Trachea
Another name for the anterior pituitary gland is the _____________________. A) pars intermedia B) neurohypophysis C) median eminence D) adenohypophysis
D) adenohypophysis
This gland is called the suprarenal or ________________ gland. A) pineal B) thymus C) pancreas D) adrenal
D) adrenal
The functional units for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide are the ___________________________. A) primary bronchi B) tertiary bronchi C) terminal bronchioles D) alveolar sacs
D) alveolar sacs
The adrenal cortex secretes all of the following EXCEPT __________________. A) androgens. B) estrogens. C) aldosterone. D) epinephrine. E) cortisol.
D) epinephrine.
The cells that produce testosterone are called _______________________. A) sustentacular B) gonadal C) primary D) interstitial
D) interstitial
The two hormones of the posterior pituitary are antidiuretic hormone and ________________. A) vasopressin B) prolactin C) luteinizing hormone D) oxytocin
D) oxytocin
The granulosa cells of the follicles of the ovaries produce estadiol and _______________. A) testosterone B) inhibin C) follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) D) progesterone
D) progesterone
A lack of iodine in the diet can create an enlarged ________________ over time. A) heart B) liver C) pineal gland D) thyroid
D) thyroid
________ is secreted during and immediately after a meal in response to rising levels of blood borne nutrients such as glucose and amino acids?
Insulin
Name the order of air flow in the respiratory system
Mouth or Nose--> Pharynx Larynx Trachea left right bronchus left right lungs bronchi (smaller) bronchielous (even smaller) aleveolor duct aleveolor sac
What hormones are released by the parathyroid? a. PTH b. CRH c. TRH d. TSH
a. PTH
what hormones are released by the hypothalamus? a. TRH, CRH, GnRH, GHRH, GHIH, PIH b.TRH, CRH, FSH, LH, TSH, ACTH c. ADH, OT, FSH. TRH GHRH, GHIH d. glucagon, insuin, parathyroid, melatonin
a. TRH, CRH, GnRH, GHRH, GHIH, PIH
what type of cells does adenohypophysis have? a. acidopjhils b. ADH c. chromophid d. basophages
a. acidophils
Hormones released by liver? a. erythropoietin b.pancreatic polupeptide c.T4 d. PTH
a. erythropoietin
Hormones released by pancreas? a. glucagon b.TRH c.T3 d.GnRH
a. glucagon
What hormones are released by the pancreas? a. glucagon b. epinephrine c. thymosin d. calcitonin
a. glucagon
Melatonin is secreted by which of the following endocrine organs? a. pineal gland b. thymus c. parathyroid gland d.hypothalamus
a. pineal gland
What hormones are released by the Gonads (ovary)? a. progresterone b. melatonin c. calcitonin d. thymulin
a. progresterone
What hormones are produced by thymus ? a. thymopoletin , thymosin, thymulin b. thymosin, thymopoletin, seratonin c. melatonin thymosin, thymopoletin d. thyroxine (t4), triiodothyronine (t3), calcitonin, Thyroid hormone
a. thymopoletin , thymosin, thymulin
Hormones released by thyroid? a. thyroxine b. PTH c.somatostatin d. gastrin
a. thyroxine
Which of the following is NOT found within the wall of a bronchiole? a.cartilage b. cilia c. bony spine d. hilum
a.cartilage
Hormones released by pineal gland? a. calcidiol b.melatonin c. angiotensinogen d. somatostatin
b.melatonin
What hormones are released by the Gonads (testis)? a. progresterone b.testeoterone c. estrogen d. gastrin
b.testeoterone
what hormones are not released by the pituitary gland? a. FSH b. LH c. CRH d. ADH
c. CRH
endocrine cells secrete cells of ______ glands a. special b. XXL c. ductless d. duct
c. ductless
what glad regress after childhood? a. thymus, pancreas b. Pineal gland, liver c. thymus, pineal gland d. thyorid and pancreas
c. thymus, pineal gland
What hormones are not released by the thyroid gland? a. T4 b. Calcitonin c. T3 d. TRH
d. TRH
what type of cells are released by endocrine cells? a. nerve cells b. neurosecretary cell c. circulatory cell d. ordinary cells
d. ordinary cells
What hormones are not released by the adrenal gland? a.eninephrine b.norepinepphrine c. dopamine d.somatostatin
d. somatostation
Hormones released by parathyroid glands? a. insulin-like growth factor 1 b. hepcidin c. insulin d.PTH
d.PTH
What hormones are produced by the Pineal Gland? a. thymosin b.thyroxine c. calcitonin d.melatonin
d.melatonin
Which of the following is the first site where oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange can occur along the respiratory system pathway? a.terminal bronchioles b. glottis c. alvelor ducts d.respiratory bronchiole
d.respiratory bronchiole
Function of the respiratory system:
gas exchange speech and other vocalizations (communication) smell (olfaction) Helps to control the pH of the body Aids in regulation of blood pressure pressure for flow of lymph and venous blood expulsion of abdominal contents
what type of cell are neuroendocrine cell? Hint they link the nervous and endocrine systems
specialized
Where are endocrine cells carried once they are in blood circulation?
target organs
