Anatomy & Physiology: TEST 1
Which of the following is also known as the mitral valve?
bicuspid
Which of the following is correct regarding the flow of blood in reference to the left side of the heart?
blood flows from the left atrium, through the bicuspid valve, into the left ventricle, through the aortic semilunar valve, and then into the aortic arch
Oxygenated blood travels through vessels from the lungs to the left side of the heart. The oxygenated blood is traveling through __________.
veins
Based on answers to the four previous questions, which of the following is the best definition of an artery?
vessels that transport blood away from the heart
Which component of the cardiovascular system is involved in providing protection by acting as the body's second line of defense?
white blood cells
Which of the following leukocytes do not have multi‐lobed nuclei?
lymphocytes and monocytes
Which of the following patients would be considered the universal recipient
type AB
If a patient has type A blood, they could receive blood from which of the following donors?
type O
Which of the following patients would be considered the universal donor?
type O
Carbon dioxide binds the __________ portion of hemoglobin.
amino acid
Deoxygenated blood travels from the right side of the heart through vessels to the lungs to become oxygenated. The deoxygenated blood is traveling through __________.
arteries
Oxygenated blood travels from the left side of the heart through vessels out to body tissues. The oxygenated blood is traveling through __________.
arteries
As blood leaves the heart to be transported to the tissues of the body, it travels through vessels that begin large in diameter and end small in diameter. Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow away from the heart in reference to vessel diameter?
arteries, arterioles, capillaries
Histamine is a chemical that causes blood vessels to dilate in an effort to increase the flow of blood and subsequently leukocytes to the infected site. Which of the following leukocytes release the most histamine?
basophils
There are 5 major leukocytes. Which of the following is the rarest of the 5 when a person is not sick?
basophils
Which of the following would NOT result in the release of more erythropoietin from the kidney?
being on an oxygen respirator
Hemopoiesis is __________, homeostasis is __________, and hemostais is __________.
blood formation; a process of maintaining a steady state; blood clotting.
Oxygen is transported in the blood to be delivered to the tissues. At the same time, carbon dioxide leaves the tissues and enters the blood to be delivered to the lungs for exhalation. Which of the following are the vessels where this gas exchange occurs?
capillaries
Neutrophils are attracted to the site of an infection due to the process of __________.
chemotaxis
Fibrinogen is a ____ that is transported via the plasma of blood.
clotting protein
Which of the following stimulates the release of erythropoietin?
decreased amount of oxygen going to the kidneys
Phagocytosis is a process where some leukocytes (such as neutrophils) can __________.
engulf and kill bacteria
Which of the following leukocytes respond when a person is allergic to something?
eosinophils
Which of the following characteristics of erythrocytes allow for the easy exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
flattened shape
Which of the following is involved in the final phase of blood clotting?
formation of fibrin
During hemopoiesis a specific stem cell will differentiate into other stem cells resulting in all the different cellular components of blood. Which of the following is the name of this original stem cell?
hemocytoblast
During the process of erythropoiesis, all of the following are ejected from the developing erythrocyte except __________.
hemoglobin
The process of blood clotting is called
hemostasis
Erythropoietin is a chemical that is involved in starting the process of erythropoiesis. Erythropoietin is a(n) __________ produced by the __________.
hormone; kidneys
Carbon monoxide is a deadly gas and binds to hemoglobin when inhaled. It creates problems because it binds to the same site as oxygen does, competing for the same binding site. This ultimately causes the erythrocyte to deliver carbon monoxide instead of oxygen to the tissues. Which of the following is the binding site for carbon monoxide?
iron
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the flow of oxygenated blood?
leaves the lungs and enters the left side of the heart
The right ventricle is the chamber of the heart that pumps blood for the pulmonary circulation. Based on this information, blood from the right ventricle is on its way to the __________.
lungs
Hemocytoblasts can differentiate and turn into stem cells called myeloblasts. Myeloblasts will then turn into all of the following leukocytes EXCEPT __________.
lymphocytes
Leukocytes can be partially identified by looking at their nucleus. All leukocytes have just one nucleus, but some have several lobes to their nucleus. Which of the following does NOT have a multi‐lobed nucleus?
lymphocytes
Most leukocytes will leave the bloodstream and function to kill bacteria, etc., often times dying in the process. These leukocytes do not return to the bloodstream. Which of the following leukocytes are the only ones that can leave and return to the bloodstream?
lymphocytes
Some of the leukocytes have granules in their cytosol that consist of a variety of chemicals involved in defending the body. Which of the following cells typically do NOT contain granules?
lymphocytes
Clots form to stop the "leakage" of blood from a damaged vessel. After the damaged vessel has healed, the clot is no longer needed and goes through a process of dissolution. Which of the following is involved in the dissolution of a clot?
plasmin
Megakaryocytes leave the bone marrow and enter the blood stream by passing through the walls of capillaries. In the process of passing through the pores of the capillaries, the megakaryocytes fragment. These fragment are called ____
platelets
During the process of erythropoiesis, the developing erythrocytes go through a variety of stages. During one stage the cells are called young or immature erythrocytes, otherwise known as __________.
reticulocytes
Neutrophils are referred to as polymorphonuclear leukocytes because __________.
their nucleus can take on variety of shape
People with blood type AB have an antigen on the membrane of their erythrocytes that are labeled as "A" and also an antigen labeled as "B". Which of the following is in reference to people with blood type O?
they do not have antigen A or B on their erythrocytes
Megakaryocytes develop from hemocytoblasts and are involved in the process of
thrombopoiesis
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events leading to blood clotting?
vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, coagulation
Deoxygenated blood traveling from the body tissues back to the heart is traveling through __________.
veins
Which of the following is the greatest component of plasma?
water
Oxygen binds to the __________ portion of hemoglobin.
iron
Erythrocytes transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. How many oxygen atoms can one erythrocyte transport?
1 billion
Leukocytes make up less than 0.5% of whole blood, however, of that small value approximately ___ are lymphocytes.
20-25%
The major element of whole blood is
plasma
Which of the following leukocytes have the ability to produce antibodies?
B lymphocytes
Calcium ions were the __________ substance discovered to be involved in the process of blood clotting.
4th
If a patient has type AB blood they could receive blood from all of the following except
A
Which of the following is correct regarding blood flow in reference to the right side of the heart?
Blood flows from the right atrium through the tricuspid valve, into the right ventricle, through the pulmonary valve, into the pulmonary trunk, and then into the pulmonary arteries
Poeisis" is a suffix that means "the formation of." Therefore, leucopoiesis would be the formation of __________.
white blood cells