Sociology Ch 7
The upper class makes up just 1 percent of the total population, but its total net worth is greater than that of ________ percent of the rest of the population.
90
Apartheid is a specific example of what system of social stratification?
caste/caste system
The criteria used by a social class system to stratify its members include...
property. power, prestige, wealth
Greg J. Duncan and the effect of parental income on academic achievement of children:
Parental income was strongly correlated with academic achievement, especially in low-income families.
Which social class category is comprised of people who live in poverty conditions and typically earn $15,000 or less per year.
underclass
Karl Marx's conviction that social inequality would grow:
"The modern laborer...instead of rising with the process of industry, sinks deeper and deeper below the conditions of existence of his own class. He becomes a pauper, and pauperism develops more rapidly than population and wealth."
What is a society called if social mobility is highly restricted by formal or informal rules like those of a caste system?
Closed system
What do sociologists call it when an individual changes their career but remains with the same social class.
Horizontal social mobility
What is it an example of when the children of working-class parents manage to attend college and get a job in professional field.
Inter generational mobility
What is the relationship between the American Dream and the social class system by which the United States is stratified.
Legitimizes inequality by reinforcing the idea that everyone has the same chance to get ahead.
Studies show that people from higher socioeconomic backgrounds tend to live longer and report feeling healthier than people from lower classes. What are some explanations for this phenomenon.
People at the bottom of the social class ladder are least likely to get adequate nutrition, shelter, clothing, and health care, and thus more likely to become ill. Less likely to afford medical care, doctor visits, and prescriptions. Often wait until a medical condition becomes chronic before getting treatment. You should also mention the role of exercise. Wealthier people are more likely to understand health benefits of exercise. More likely to have the time and money for gym memberships compared to their more disadvantaged counterparts, who are too often preoccupied with the daily struggle of paying the bills.
What term describes the unequal distribution of wealth, power, or prestige among members of society?
Social Inequality
What term describes the division of society into groups arranged in a social hierarchy?
Social Stratification
Explain the system of stratification that currently exists in the United States in two to three sentences.
The United States has a social class system of stratification. Ranked by wealth, property, power, and prestige. Divided into upper, middle, and lower classes. People inherit the class of their parents, but it's an open system and can move up or down levels during the course of a lifetime.
What is the estimated number of people trapped in modern-day slavery.
U.S.=8,500 World= 40 million
Describe the process of social mobility in a caste system?
little or no chance of changing ones position
Recent research by the Pew Research Center on attitudes bout the government's responsibility to help those in poverty revealed that...
Americans are largely divided on this issue, with those favoring government aid for those in poverty decreasing.
Describe socioeconomic status and life changes.
Family, health, education, work & income, criminal justice