Anatomy Chapter 19
The average life span of a red blood cell is - about 1 year. - 4 months. - 1 month. - many years. - 24 hours.
4 months
Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood? - 60 percent - 20 percent - 55 percent - 45 percent - 30 percent
45 percent
A person with a type A positive blood can safely receive blood from all of these donors EXCEPT __________. - A positive - A negative - B positive - O positive
B positive
The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if - the diet is deficient in iron. - red blood cells bind too much oxygen. - there is insufficient heme in the hemoglobin. - a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal. - hemolysis is prevented by a mutated gene.
a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal
Whole blood for testing in a clinical laboratory is usually collected from - a superficial vein. - a superficial artery. - the heart. - an arteriole. - a capillary.
a superficial vein
The common pathway of coagulation begins with the - activation of Factor X, production of prothrombin activator. - sticking of platelets to damaged tissue. - conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. - activation of a proenzyme exposed to collagen. - release of tissue factor by damaged endothelium.
activation of Factor X, production of prothrombin activator
The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the - release of heparin from the liver. - sticking of platelets to each other. - activation of Factor XII by platelet factors. - release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium. - conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.
activation of Factor XII by platelet factors
The clumping of red blood cells, when the specific antibody against the antigen on the cells is added, is called - agglutination. - coagulation. - areolation. - vascularization. - hemostasis.
agglutination
Antigens of the surface of red blood cells are also called ________ and antibodies in the blood plasma are also called ________. - agglutinins; agglutinogens - erythrogens; antibiotics - serum; plasma - T-cells; B-cells - agglutinogens; agglutinins
agglutinogens; agglutinins
The most abundant plasma protein is - antibodies. - albumin. - hemoglobin. - transferrin. - fibrinogen.
albumin
Which plasma protein transports fatty acids and some hormones? - hormone-binding protein - steroid-binding protein - albumin - gamma globulin - translipin
albumin
The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are - transport proteins. - globulins. - fibrinogens. - albumins. - lipoproteins.
albumins
A digestive disorder that impairs a person's ability to absorb vitamin K will result in - low levels of thromboplastin. - low levels of prothrombin. - low levels of Factor X. - prolonged bleeding. - All of the answers are correct.
all
An infected wound contains typically contains - dead neutrophils. - pus. - tissue fluids. - cellular debris. - All of the answers are correct.
all
In adults, red bone marrow is located in the - iliac crest. - body of vertebrae. - sternum and ribs. - proximal epiphyses of long bones. - All of the answers are correct.
all
The formed elements of blood consist of __________. - platelets - white blood cells - red blood cells - all of the listed responses
all
When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, you would expect - a drop in atmospheric oxygen levels. - an increase in red blood cell production. - the release of erythropoietin. - a rise in hematocrit. - All of the answers are correct.
all
Which of the following is a function of the blood? - transport of gases - transport of nutrients and wastes - defense against toxins and pathogens - transport of body heat - All of the answers are correct.
all
Which of the following is true of basophils? - granules contain histamine - constitute about 1 percent of WBCs - granules contain heparin - attract other defense cells - All of the answers are correct.
all
Which of the following statements is true about platelets? - Platelets clump together at a site of injury. - Platelets live for less than two weeks. - Platelets are not cells. - The spleen is a storage organ for a large platelet population. - All of the answers are correct.
all
When checking the efficiency of gas exchange, it may be necessary to draw a blood sample from - an artery. - the heart. - capillaries. - a vein. - the lungs.
an artery
Soon after donating 0.5 liters of blood, one would expect - an increased reticulocyte count. - an increased platelet count. - an increased erythrocyte count. - an increased neutrophil count. - increased levels of clotting factors.
an increased reticulocyte count
________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced. - Anemia - Thrombocytopenia - Polycythemia - Leukemia - Leukopenia
anemia
Type A blood has ________ antibodies in the blood plasma. - anti-A - anti-D - anti-Rh - anti-B - anti-O
anti-A
Which of the following is not one of the formed elements of blood? - lymphocytes - platelets - basophils - antibodies - RBCs
antibodies
Jane has been taking the antibiotic chloramphenicol for a few weeks as treatment for a serious bacterial infection. There is a possibility that a future side effect of long-term antibiotic therapy could cause her to develop problems in blood cell counts. The result is - drug resistance. - autoimmune disease. - erythroblastosis. - aplastic anemia. - thrombocytopenia.
aplastic anemia
White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are - eosinophils. - neutrophils. - monocytes. - lymphocytes. - basophils.
basophils
Antihistamines would work best against which type of WBC? - basophil - eosinophil - neutrophil - monocyte
basphil
Blood type is identified primarily by - the Rh blood group. - the Kahn blood group. - the HB blood system. - both the ABO and Rh blood groups. - the ABO blood group.
both the ABP and Rh blood groups
The function of red blood cells is to - carry oxygen from the cells to the lungs. - carry oxygen to the cells and then carry away carbon dioxide. - carry carbon dioxide from the lungs to the body's cells. - defend the body against infectious organisms. - carry nutrients from the digestive system to the body's cells.
carry oxygen to the cells and then carry away carbon dioxide
A substance that activates plasminogen might be useful to - cause clot dissolution to proceed faster. - recruit neutrophils to an infection. - cause clots to form faster. - initiate clot formation. - mimic heparin.
cause clot dissolution to proceed faster
The phase of hemostasis that involved clotting of blood is called - hemolysis. - coagulation. - a platelet plug. - vascular spasm. - diapedesis.
coagulation
________ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. - Coagulation - Retraction - Vascular spasm - Fibrinolysis - The platelet phase
coagulation
How would removal of calcium ions from a blood sample affect coagulation? - There would be no important effect because magnesium can substitute for calcium. - The coagulation pathway would be more sensitive to activation. - More blood cells would be produced. - Coagulation would be prevented. - Coagulation would occur only in Rh positive individuals.
coagulation would be prevented
Platelets are - blue cells that have a nucleus. - red cells that lack a nucleus. - large cells with a prominent, concave nucleus. - cytoplasmic fragments of large cells. - tiny cells with a polynucleus.
cytoplasmic fragments of large cells
Eosinophils function in - destroying antibody-labeled antigens. - production of surface antigens for red blood cells. - production of heparin. - antibody production. - blood coagulation.
destroying antibody-labeled antigens
Which of these descriptions best matches the term B lymphocytes? - helper cells are one type - adhere to collagen beneath endothelium - kill bacteria using hydrogen peroxide - often elevated in allergic individuals - develop into plasma cells
develop into plasma cells
A moving blood clot is called a(n) - embolus. - platelet plug. - thrombus. - plaque. - procoagulant.
embolus
White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the - monocytes. - neutrophils. - platelets. - eosinophils. - lymphocytes.
eosinophils
The process of red blood cell production is called - erythrocytosis. - hematopenia. - erythropenia. - erythropoiesis. - hemocytosis.
erythropoiesis
Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone - renin. - angiotensin. - thymosin. - M-CSF. - erythropoietin.
erythropoietin
A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is - metalloprotein D. - fibrinogen. - lipoprotein C. - albumin alpha. - immunoglobulin A.
fibrinogen
The plasma protein involved in blood clotting is - hemoglobin. - fibrinogen. - albumin. - transferrin. - antibodies.
fibrinogen
Approximately 45 percent of blood volume is composed of the - antibodies. - clotting factors. - leukocytes. - plasma. - formed elements.
formed elements
A hematocrit provides information on - sedimentation rate. - clotting factors. - plasma composition. - formed elements abundance. - blood type.
formed elements abundance
Jane has Type A blood; therefore, she - can give blood to other people with Type A blood only. - has antibodies to B agglutinogens. - makes anti-A without ever having been exposed to Type A blood. - can receive blood from other people with Type A blood only. - has B antigen on her RBCs.
has antibodies to B agglutinogens
The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the - viscosity. - hematocrit. - specific gravity. - packed volume. - differential cell count.
hematocrit
Consider the following results from a blood lab test. Which value is most likely abnormal? - hematocrit — 44 percent - RBCs — 5.2 million/µl - hemoglobin — 10.7 g/100 ml - leukocytes — 8600/µl - platelets — 280,000/µl
hemoglobin
Some rat poisons contain a toxin that blocks the liver's ability to utilize vitamin K. Animals that consume this poison would die of - hemorrhage. - starvation. - anemia. - acidosis. - thrombocytopenia.
hemorrhage
Excess iron is stored in the liver and spleen as - transferrin. - hemosiderin and ferritin. - hemosiderin. - hemoglobin. - ferritin.
hemosiderin and ferritin
Which of the following descriptions best matches the term colony stimulating factor? - adheres to collagen beneath endothelium - helper cells are one type - often elevated in allergic individuals - hormone that regulates white blood cell formation - kills bacteria using hydrogen peroxide
hormone that regulates white blood cell formation
Thyroid-binding globulin is an example of which kind of plasma protein? - apolipoprotein - transport albumin - metalloprotein - steroid-binding - hormone-binding
hormone-binding
A person who has a low blood volume is said to be - isovolemic. - hypovolemic. - hypervolemic. - normovolemic. - antivolemic.
hypovolemic
Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the - albumins. - metalloproteins. - lipoproteins. - fibrinogens. - immunoglobulins.
immunoglobulins
Proteins in the blood for defense are called - ferritins. - fibrinogens. - albumins. - immunoglobulins. - hemosiderins.
immunoglobulins
All of the following are true of neutrophils except that they are - important in coagulation. - phagocytic. - active in fighting bacterial infections. - also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes. - granular leukocytes.
important in coagulation
Pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by - oral doses of iron. - oral doses of vitamin B12. - injections of iron. - injections of vitamin B12. - blood transfusion.
injections of vitamin B12
Plasma is closest in composition to - interstitial fluid. - CSF. - urine. - isotonic saline solution. - sterile water.
interstitial fluid
Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of - calcium. - magnesium. - copper. - sodium. - iron.
iron
Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins? - kidney - heart - brain - liver - pancreas
liver
Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called - erythroblasts. - megakaryocytes. - myeloblasts. - normoblasts. - lymphoblasts.
megakaryocytes
Transferrin is an example of which kind of plasma protein? - metalloprotein - apolipoprotein - hormone-binding protein - steroid-binding protein - transport albumin
metalloprotein
Which of the following combinations may result in the hemolytic disease of the newborn? - mother Rh positive, baby Rh negative - mother Rh negative, baby Rh negative - mother Rh negative, baby Rh positive - mother type A+, baby type O+ - None of the answers is correct.
mother Rh negative, baby Rh positive
The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the - monocytes. - eosinophils. - neutrophils. - lymphocytes. - basophils.
neurtrophils
During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of - reticulocytes. - basophils. - neutrophils. - thrombocytes. - eosinophils.
neutrophils
The white blood cell type that most rapidly increases in number after a bacterial infection is the __________. - neutrophils - eosinophils - lymphocytes - basophils
neutrophils
Surgical removal of the stomach could cause - jaundice. - hemophilia. - thrombocytopenia. - pernicious anemia. - leukocytosis.
pernicious anemia
The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is - plasmin. - heparin. - phosphokinase. - thrombin. - fibrinase.
plasmin
What evidence in this figure indicates that this is not a first pregnancy? - presence of Rh antigens on fetal blood cells - presence of maternal anti-Rh antibodies - lack of Rh antigens on fetal blood cells - lack of Rh antigens on maternal blood cells
presence of maternal anti-Rh antibodies
The function of platelets is to assist in the - process called hemostasis. - destruction of bacteria. - immune response during an infection. - removal of worn out red blood cells. - transport of blood gases such as oxygen.
process called hemostasis
The chief difference between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the concentration of - nitrogen wastes. - water. - glucose. - proteins. - electrolytes.
proteins
Granulocytes form in - the intestines. - the thymus. - the spleen. - yellow bone marrow. - red bone marrow.
red bone marrow
In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is the - thymus. - red bone marrow. - spleen. - yellow bone marrow. - liver.
red bone marrow
The combination of plasma and formed elements is called - whole blood. - lymph. - packed blood. - extracellular fluid. - serum.
whole blood
The most abundant component of plasma is (are) - nutrients. - ions. - gases. - proteins. - water.
water
The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by the enzyme - plasmin. - thrombin. - factor VIII. - prothrombinase. - fibrinogen-converting enzyme.
thrombin
Which of the following does NOT describe the cause of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)? - Fetal red blood cell exposure causes an autoimmune response in the mother. - The mother is exposed to Rh-positive fetal red blood cells. - Anti-Rh antibodies cross the placenta and destroy fetal red blood cells. - The mother produces antibodies against the fetal red blood cells.
Fetal red blood cell exposure causes an autoimmune response in the mother
________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells. - Lymphocytes - Monocytes - Neutrophils - Eosinophils - Basophils
Monocytes
How does RhoGAM prevent HDN? - RhoGAM prevents the mother's immune system from actively producing antibodies against fetal Rh antigens by destroying fetal red blood cells that cross the placenta during delivery. - RhoGAM prevents general antibody production in the mother so that she is less likely to develop anti-Rh antibodies. - RhoGAM allows the mother's immune system to be sensitized to the fetal red blood cells. - RhoGAM prevents fetal red blood cells from crossing the placenta and being exposed to the mother's immune system.
RhoGAM prevents the mother's immune system from actively producing antibodies against fetal Rh antigens by destroying fetal red blood cells that cross the placenta during delivery.
The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by the - conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. - activation of Factor VII exposed to collagen. - release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium. - release of heparin from the liver. - sticking of platelets to damaged tissue.
release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium
Which of the labels in the figure indicate a cell normally found in the circulating blood? - proerythroblast - basophilic erythroblast - polychromatophilic erythroblast - normoblast - reticutocyte
reticutocyte
Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in the - liver. - digestive tract. - spleen. - bone marrow. - spleen, liver, and bone marrow.
spleen, liver, and bone marrow
A bruise appears as a greenish spot in the skin because - the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin. - dead white blood cells accumulate at the site of injury. - bilirubin from iron recycling has built-up in the bruise. - red blood cells are green when they leave circulation. - hemoglobin has leaked from the blood into the injury and hemoglobin has a green color.
the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin
People with type O blood are considered "universal donors" for transfusions because __________. - their red blood cells lack A and B surface antigens - their blood is plentiful in A and B agglutinins - they usually have very strong red blood cells - their blood lacks A and B agglutinins (antibodies)
their red blood cells lack A and B surface antigens
