Anatomy: Chapter 5 Histology
plasma cells
sythesize antibodies
connective
tissue which is the most abundant and variable tissue type
dense
type of connective tissue in which there is more fibers than ground substance
loose
type of connective tissue in which there is more ground substance than fibers
differentiation
unspecialized tissues of embryo become specialized mature types
neutrophils
wander in search of bacteria in connective tissue
regeneration, fibrosis
what are the 2 options for tissue repair?
collagen, reticular, elastic
what are the 3 connective tissue fibers?
tight, desmosomes, gap junctions
what are the 3 types of intercellular junctions?
serous, mucous. cytogenic
what are the 3 types of secretions?
glial cells
what are the supportive cells in nerve tissues?
monocytes- WBC
what do macrophages arise from?
WBC
what do plasma cells arise from?
sperm and egg
what is an example of a cytogenic gland?
cartilage
what is the connective tissue with no blood vessels?
fibers and ground substance
what makes up the matrix in connective tissue?
epithelial
what type of tissue compose glands?
fibrocartilage
which type of cartilage has more collagen fibers?
cardiac and smooth
which type of muscle are involuntary?
skeletal and cardiac
which type of muscles have striations?
multipotent and unipotent
2 types of adult stem cells
totipotent and pluripotent
2 types of embryonic stem cells
connect, support, heat, transport
4 functions of connective tissue
mast cells
cells which secrete heparin and histamine in connective tissue
parenchyma
cells which secrete within a gland
metaplasia
changing from one type of mature tissue to another
hypertrophy
enlargement of preexisting cells. example: muscle grow through exercise
collagen fibers
fibers which are tough, stretch resistant yet flexible. examples: tendons, ligaments and deep layer of the skin
merocrine gland
gland where product is released by exocytosis. example: tears, gastirc glands, pancrease
holocrine
gland where secretory cells disintegrate to deliver their accumulated product. example: oil producing glands of the scalp
exocrine
gland which connects a surface with a duct
endocrine
gland which secretes directly into bloodstream
mucous glands
glands which produce mucin- stick secretion
serous glands
glands which produce very thin, watery secretions
cytogenic glands
glands which release whole cells
tissue
group of similar cells and cell products that arise from the same region of the embryo and work together to perform a specific structural or physiological role in an organ
neoplasia
growth of a tumor through growth of abnormal tissue
adipose
in connective tissue, stores triglycerides
atrophy
loss of cell size or number
serous
membrane which is an internal membrane which is simple squamous epithelium over areolar tissue, covers organs and lines walls of body cavities- produces a watery secretion
cutaneous
membrane which is stratified squamous epithelium over connective tissue....skin
synovial
membrane which lines the joint cavities and is a connective tissue layer only
apocrine gland
merocrine gland with a confusing appearance. example: mammary and armpit sweat glands
endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm
name the 3 germ layers
necrosis
patholigal death of a tissue
fibroblasts
produce fibers and ground substance in connective tissue
apoptosis
programmed cell death
regeneration
replacement of damaged cells with original cells
fibrosis
replacement of damaged cells with scar tissue- function is not restored
macrophages
rids foreign material and activate immune system
acinar
shape of a gland where the secretory cells from the dilated sac
tubulocinar
shape of a gland where there are both tubes and sacs
histological sections
sliced into sections one or 2 cells thick
multipotent
stem cell in bone marrow producing several blood cell types
unipotent
stem cell where only epidermal cells produced
matrix
the material which surrounds the cells
elastic fibers
thin branching fibers which stretch and recoil like a rubberband. examples: skin, lungs, and arteries
reticular fibers
thin, collagen fibers coated with glycoprotein. examples: framework in spleen and lymph nodes
oblique section
tissue cut at angle between cross and longitudinal section
hyperplasia
tissue growth through cell multiplication (division)
epithelial
tissue type in which the flat surface is exposed to the environment or an internal body cavity
pluripotent
tissue types only possible- embryo
elastic
type of fiber in elastic cartilage
collagen
type of fiber in fibrocartilage
collagen
type of fiber in hyaline cartilage
tight
type of junction in GI and urinary tracts
gap
type of junction in embryos, cardiac and smooth muscle
desmosomes
type of junction in uterus, heart and epidermis
desmosome
type of junction which acts as a patch between cells holding together
tight
type of junction which encircle the cell by joining it to surrounding cells- like zippeer
gap
type of junction which forms a channel between cells
mucous
type of membrane which lines passageways open to the exterior
muscle tissue
type of tissue which exerts physical force on other tissues
fiber
types of cartilage vary with ______ types
simple
an unbranched duct gland
totipotent
any cell type possible- embryo
stroma
capsule and septa which divide gland into lobes and lobules
compound
a branched duct gland
fixative
a chemical which prevents decay
acinus
a cluster of cells surrounding the duct draining those cells
longitudinal section
a tissue cut in the long direction
cross section
a tissue cut perpendicular to length of organ
