Anatomy Lecture Exam 3 set

Vagal stimulation of the heart decreases heart rate, resulting in a drop in blood pressure

True

The meninges of the brain differ from those of the spinal cord in that the dura mater of the brain splits into two layers and that there is no epidural space.

True

The pituitary gland (hypophysis) is connected to the hypothalamus and receives regulatory impulses that control the secretion of hormones.

True

The cerebellum has an outer cortex, internal white matter, and areas of gray matter buried deep in the white matter.

True

The limbic system has neural ties to the autonomic nervous system, the hypothalamus, and the reticular formation.

True

The primary proprioceptors are muscle spindles, tendon organs, and joint kinesthetic receptors.

True

Which letter indicates the aortic plexus? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

D) D

Sacral nerves carrying parasympathetic innervation to the pelvic organs. A) pelvic splanchnic nerves B) sacral splanchnic nerves C) thoracic splanchnic nerves D) vagus nerve E) enteric nervous system

A) pelvic splanchnic nerves

Division of the ANS most active when the body is at rest describes the A) parasympathetic division. B) sympathetic division. C) autonomic nervous system.

A) parasympathetic division.

Which of these lobes of the cerebrum lies anterior to the central sulcus? A) occipital lobe B) cerebellum C) temporal lobe D) frontal lobe

D) frontal lobe

The main visceral control center of the brain is the A) cerebral cortex. B) thalamus. C) reticular formation. D) hypothalamus.

D) hypothalamus.

Parasympathetic stimulation of blood vessels causes vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure.

False

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers release norepinephrine and are called cholinergic fibers.

False

One of the largest branches of the sacral plexus is the sciatic nerve.

True

Parasympathetic stimulation of the pelvic organs cause defecation, voiding of urine, and erection.

True

Which letter indicates Broca's area, which controls the motor movements necessary for speaking? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

A) A

A shallow groove on the surface of the cerebral cortex is called a A) sulcus. B) fissure. C) gyrus. D) furrow.

A) sulcus.

Which autonomic division increases heart rate? A) sympathetic B) parasympathetic C) somatic D) cranial

A) sympathetic

Which division of the autonomic nervous system innervates the sweat glands in skin? A) sympathetic B) parasympathetic C) somatic D) integumentary

A) sympathetic

Which of the following is not a midbrain structure? A) third ventricle B) cerebral peduncles C) corpora quadrigemina D) red nucleus

A) third ventricle

The only cranial nerve that travels into the abdomen is the A) vagus. B) hypoglossal. C) glossopharyngeal. D) vestibulocochlear.

A) vagus.

The main integration center of the ANS is the amygdala.

False

Division that is dominant during rest, digestion, and excretion. A) parasympathetic B) enteric nervous system C) inferior hypogastric plexus D) sympathetic E) cholinergic

A) parasympathetic

What stimulates the adrenal medulla to secrete its excitatory neurohormones? A) postganglionic sympathetic neurons B) preganglionic sympathetic neurons C) preganglionic parasympathetic neurons D) postganglionic parasympathetic neurons

B) preganglionic sympathetic neurons

Identify the letter that indicates a Schwann cell. A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

C) C

Identify which diagram represents a microglial cell. A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

C) C

Which letter indicates a choroid plexus, which produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)in all four ventricles of the brain? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

C) C

Which letter indicates the celiac ganglion and plexus? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

C) C

Ganglia represent A) groups of axons. B) groups of dendrites. C) groups of neuron cell bodies. D) groups of synapses.

C) groups of neuron cell bodies.

The gastrocnemius muscle is innervated by the ________ nerve. A) obturator B) common peroneal C) tibial D) femoral

C) tibial

The ventral portion of the cerebral peduncles connect the midbrain to the cerebellum and contain the pyramidal (corticospinal) motor tracts descending to the spinal cord.

False

The white matter is the site where neuron cell bodies are clustered.

False

Some small neurons in the CNS have no axon, only dendrites, and are A) multipolar. B) bipolar. C) unipolar. D) pseudounipolar.

A) multipolar.

The major nerve plexus to the upper limbs is the A) brachial plexus. B) sacral plexus. C) cervical plexus. D) lumbar plexus.

A) brachial plexus.

Spinal nerves found at the level of L A) lumbar plexus. B) femoral plexus. C) sacral plexus. D) thoracic plexus.

C) sacral plexus.

Identify which letter represents an oligodendrocyte. A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

E) E

8) All parasympathetic postganglionic fibers of the head travel through the trigeminal nerve (V) to their final destinations.

True

The majority of neurons in the body are A) multipolar. B) bipolar. C) unipolar. D) pseudounipolar.

A) multipolar.

Parasympathetic fibers innervate the sweat glands, arrector pili, and smooth muscles of the arteries.

False

Identify the letter that indicates the region of a neuron with a name that means "little hill." A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

B) B

Which letter indicates the cardiac plexus? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

B) B

Which of the cranial nerves listed below is a special somatic sensory nerve? A) facial B) vestibulocochlear C) accessory D) trochlear

B) vestibulocochlear

The micturition (urination) reflex is controlled by a parasympathetic reflex pathway in which A) the preganglionic neurons are in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus in the brain. B) the preganglionic cell bodies are in the wall of the bladder. C) the preganglionic axons occur in pelvic splanchnic nerves. D) the postganglionic axons occur in the celiac plexus.

C) the preganglionic axons occur in pelvic splanchnic nerves.

Parasympathetic postganglionic fibers of the head travel within the A) accessory nerve. B) facial nerve. C) trigeminal nerve. D) vestibulocochlear nerve.

C) trigeminal nerve.

Which of the following cranial nerves does not supply parasympathetic fibers to the head? A) oculomotor B) facial C) vagus D) glossopharyngeal

C) vagus

The type of axon that conducts impulses most slowly is A) thick, myelinated. B) thick, unmyelinated. C) thin, myelinated. D) thin, unmyelinated.

D) thin, unmyelinated.

Identify the letter that indicates the gaps between Schwann cells that are known as myelin sheath gaps (nodes of Ranvier). A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

D) D

Identify which diagram represents cells that produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid. A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

D) D

Which letter indicates the corpora quadrigemina, meaning "four bodies?" A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

D) D

Which letter indicates the pelvic sympathetic trunk? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

E) E

Which letter indicates the primary visual cortex, which receives information from neurons in the retina of the eye? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

E) E

Which cranial nerve pair has two sensory branches which both pass through the internal acoustic meatus? A) I B) II C) IV D) V E) VIII

E) VIII

Which cranial nerve, along with cranial nerve pair II, relays specific somatic sensory impulses? A) I B) II C) IV D) V E) VIII

E) VIII

Damage to which cranial nerve pair can cause difficulties in speech and swallowing? A) IV B) V C) VIII D) XI E) XII

E) XII

Because the fibers of the sympathetic division arise from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord, they cannot innervate structures of the head or pelvis.

False

Exteroceptors process information from visceral organs.

False

The sequence of brachial plexus components from the spinal cord to the distal targets is as follows: roots, trunks, divisions, cords.

True

The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions can be distinguished by the amount of branching of the post-ganglionic fibers.

True

The vagus nerve (CN X) is the only cranial nerve pair found inferior to the diaphragm.

True

Any long axon is called a nerve fiber.

True

Microglia are derived from blood stem cells rather than from neural tube and crest cells.

True

Most neurons in the body are multipolar neurons.

True

Which of these regions lies between the optic chiasma and the posterior border of the mammillary bodies? A) hypothalamus B) cerebrum C) cerebellum D) thalamus

A) hypothalamus

Ciliated neuroglial cells that form an epithelium and play an active role in forming and moving cerebrospinal fluid are A) ependymal cells. B) Schwann cells. C) oligodendrocytes. D) astrocytes.

A) ependymal cells.

The peripheral nerve fibers that measure the degree of stretch in the biceps brachii muscle and its tendons are classified as A) general somatic sensory. B) general somatic motor. C) special visceral sensory. D) general visceral motor.

A) general somatic sensory.

Most tumors in the brain originate from A) glial cells. B) multipolar neurons. C) bipolar neurons. D) unipolar neurons.

A) glial cells.

The diencephalon develops into the thalamus, the epithalamus, and what other structure? A) hypothalamus B) cerebrum C) cerebellum D) thalamus

A) hypothalamus

The overall integrating center for the ANS. A) hypothalamus B) medulla C) medulla oblongata D) rami communicantes E) sympathetic trunk

A) hypothalamus

The tough, dense fibrous connective tissue meningeal layer is the A) dura mater. B) subarachnoid. C) arachnoid. D) pia mater.

A) dura mater.

Which of the following most immediately encases the smallest component of a nerve? A) endoneurium B) epineurium C) fascicle D) perineurium

A) endoneurium

The subarachnoid space lies between what two layers of meninges? A) arachnoid and pia B) arachnoid and bone of skull C) arachnoid and dura D) dura and epidura

A) arachnoid and pia

Postganglionic neurons in the pterygopalatine ganglion A) are very active when you cry. B) are adrenergic. C) run from the head to the abdomen. D) are primarily sympathetic fibers.

A) are very active when you cry.

Action potentials travel along the A) axon membrane. B) dendrite membrane. C) cell body. D) myelin.

A) axon membrane.

The fluid-filled ventricles within the cerebrum are similar in function to the ________ of the spinal cord. A) subarachnoid space B) central canal C) pia mater D) dura mater

B) central canal

The insula is considered to be part of the ________. A) hypothalamus B) cerebrum C) cerebellum D) thalamus

B) cerebrum

Which letter indicates the corpus callosum, which is an area of white matter where axons from one cerebral hemisphere cross the midline to the opposite hemisphere? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

B) B

Which letter indicates the structure where cranial nerve fibers from the retina cross to the opposite side of the brain? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

B) B

Which of these statements concerning the glossopharyngeal nerve is incorrect? A) The preganglionic fibers originate in the inferior salivatory nucleus. B) The pre- and postganglionic fibers travel in this nerve. C) The pre- and postganglionic fibers synapse in the otic ganglion. D) Stimulation induces secretion from the parotid gland.

B) The pre- and postganglionic fibers travel in this nerve.

Which cranial nerve pair, along with cranial nerve III, has fibers that pass through the superior orbital fissure? A) I B) II C) IV D) VII E) VIII

C) IV

Which cranial nerve, along with the abducens and oculomotor nerves, has somatic motor fibers that pass through the superior orbital fissure? A) I B) II C) IV D) VII E) VIII

C) IV

Which of the following statements about an axon is false? A) It is also referred to as a nerve fiber. B) It has branches. C) It carries nerve impulses toward the cell body. D) It has a uniform diameter.

C) It carries nerve impulses toward the cell body.

Which cells provide the myelin sheath for neurons in the PNS? A) astrocytes B) microglial cells C) Schwann cells D) oligodendrocytes

C) Schwann cells

Which of these statements about intercostal nerves is true? A) They are part of a nerve plexus. B) They innervate only the intercostal muscles. C) The ventral rami of T1-T12 spinal nerves lie just inferior to each rib. D) They consist of 12 pairs.

C) The ventral rami of T1-T12 spinal nerves lie just inferior to each rib.

Location in the brain of the cardiorespiratory and vasomotor control centers. A) hypothalamus B) medulla C) medulla oblongata D) rami communicantes E) sympathetic trunk

C) medulla oblongata

A somatic motor neuron carries A) information that signals muscle contraction in the organs in the ventral cavity. B) information, such as pain, from the viscera in the ventral cavity to the CNS. C) motor commands to the skeletal musculature. D) information from the skin to the CNS.

C) motor commands to the skeletal musculature

White matter represents A) aggregations of neuron cell bodies in the brain. B) aggregations of neuron cell bodies in the spinal cord. C) myelinated axons traveling together in the CNS. D) dendrites traveling together in the ANS.

C) myelinated axons traveling together in the CNS.

A monosynaptic reflex arc is an example of A) a converging circuit. B) parallel processing. C) a reverberating circuit. D) serial processing.

D) serial processing.

The defecation and urination reflexes are integrated in the A) brain stem. B) cerebral cortex. C) hypothalamus. D) spinal cord.

D) spinal cord.

Of the exteroceptors, only tactile corpuscles, lamellar corpuscles, and bulbous corpuscles are encapsulated.

True

Axodendritic synapses occur between letter "E" on the diagram and this region on a proximal neuron. A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

A) A

Which letter indicates tactile epithelial cells (Merkel discs), light pressure receptors found in the epidermis? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

A) A

Which letter indicates the cranial nerve that transmits olfactory impulses? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

A) A

Which letter indicates the left vagus nerve? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

A) A

Which letter indicates the region of the brain that has the greatest surface area due to the numerous surface convolutions? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

A) A

The phrenic nerve receives fibers from A) C3-C5. B) T1. -T7. C) CN X. D) CN XI

A) C3-C5.

Damage to which cranial nerve pair may result in anosmia (loss of smell)? A) I B) II C) IV D) V E) VIII

A) I

Sensory fibers of which cranial nerve pair pass through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone? A) I B) II C) IV D) V E) VIII

A) I

Cutting the corpus callosum would lead to which of the following? A) The right cerebral hemisphere cannot communicate directly with the left hemisphere. B) Visual reflexes are lost. C) Emotional problems develop. D) One-half of the body is paralyzed.

A) The right cerebral hemisphere cannot communicate directly with the left hemisphere.

Cranial parasympathetic outflow is contained in all of the following cranial nerves except the A) accessory. B) facial. C) glossopharyngeal. D) vagus.

A) accessory.

This organ contains modified sympathetic postganglionic neurons that lack nerve processes. A) adrenal medulla B) collateral ganglia C) stellate ganglion D) sympathetic chain ganglia

A) adrenal medulla

Which relatively rare type of neuron has two processes extending from opposite sides of the cell body? A) bipolar B) multipolar C) pseudounipolar D) unipolar

A) bipolar

Which of these is not a characteristic of the parasympathetic division? A) branched fibers B) cholinergic fibers C) intramural ganglia D) myelinated fibers

A) branched fibers

Posterior gray horns of the spinal cord consist of A) cell bodies of interneurons. B) dorsal roots. C) sensory ganglia. D) motor neurons.

A) cell bodies of interneurons.

Which of these characteristics definitively distinguishes the autonomic nervous system from the somatic nervous system? A) cell bodies outside the CNS B) cell bodies within the CNS C) cholinergic fibers D) myelinated axons

A) cell bodies outside the CNS

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by choroid plexuses in all the following locations except the A) central canal. B) fourth ventricle. C) lateral ventricle. D) third ventricle.

A) central canal.

Most synapses transmit communicating signals using A) chemical signaling molecules-neurotransmitters. B) electrical impulses travelling through gap junctions. C) physical contact between adjacent neurons. D) chemical signaling molecules released from neuroglia.

A) chemical signaling molecules-neurotransmitters.

Sympathetic structures of the abdomen that lie anterior to the vertebral column. A) collateral ganglia B) rami communicantes C) pre-ganglionic neuron D) hypothalamus E) medulla oblongata

A) collateral ganglia

What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation of respiratory bronchioles in the lungs? A) constriction B) dilation C) decreased secretion of mucus D) no effect

A) constriction

Visceral pain results from all the following except A) cutting of an organ. B) chemical irritation of an organ. C) excessive stretch of an organ. D) inflammation of an organ.

A) cutting of an organ.

The sheet of dura mater that separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres is the A) falx cerebri. B) tentorium cerebri. C) falx cerebelli. D) superior sagittal sinus.

A) falx cerebri.

Which of the following is a motor area for vision? A) frontal eye field B) premotor cortex C) primary visual cortex D) visual association area

A) frontal eye field

Another name for the ANS is the A) general visceral motor system. B) general somatic motor system. C) branchial motor system. D) general peripheral nervous system.

A) general visceral motor system.

Which of these regions of the brain regulates body temperature, hunger, and thirst? A) hypothalamus B) cerebrum C) cerebellum D) thalamus

A) hypothalamus

Which of these regions of the brain regulates hormonal secretions from the pituitary gland (hypophysis)? A) hypothalamus B) cerebrum C) cerebellum D) thalamus

A) hypothalamus

60) The part of the brain that exerts more control over autonomic functioning than any other part is the A) hypothalamus. B) thalamus. C) cerebral cortex. D) cerebellum.

A) hypothalamus.

Sleep-wake cycles are controlled by the pineal gland and the A) hypothalamus. B) medulla oblongata. C) thalamus. D) visual cortex.

A) hypothalamus.

The abducens nerve (CN VI) A) innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye. B) relays sensory information from the taste buds on the tongue. C) exits from the medulla. D) if paralyzed, results in Bell's palsy.

A) innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye.

A receptor that monitors stretch of the stomach can be classified as a A) mechanoreceptor and interoceptor. B) mechanoreceptor and proprioceptor. C) nociceptor and exteroceptor. D) baroreceptor and proprioceptor.

A) mechanoreceptor and interoceptor.

Of the following, the nerve that forms from fibers of both the medial and lateral cords of the brachial plexus is the A) median. B) axillary. C) ulnar. D) musculocutaneous.

A) median.

This division can also be called the craniosacral division. A) parasympathetic division B) sympathetic division C) autonomic nervous system

A) parasympathetic division

The parasympathetic nervous system is characterized by A) peripheral ganglia near the organs, and short postganglionic fibers. B) peripheral ganglia near the organs, and long postganglionic fibers. C) peripheral ganglia near the spinal cord, and short postganglionic fibers. D) peripheral ganglia near the spinal cord, and long postganglionic fibers.

A) peripheral ganglia near the organs, and short postganglionic fibers.

Contraction rate of the diaphragm is controlled by which nerve? A) phrenic B) vagus C) trigeminal D) trochlear

A) phrenic

Spinal nerves are A) present in 31 pairs. B) located exclusively in the vertebral canal. C) present only in the thoracic region where plexuses are absent. D) purely sensory nerves.

A) present in 31 pairs.

Which of these descriptions is not a result of parasympathetic stimulation? A) production of goose bumps B) constriction of the pupils C) increased peristalsis of the digestive viscera D) contraction of the bladder wall in urination

A) production of goose bumps

Starting at the spinal cord and proceeding distally, the subdivisions of the brachial plexus are A) rami, trunks, divisions, cords. B) rami, divisions, cords, trunks. C) divisions, rami, trunks, cords. D) trunks, divisions, cords, rami.

A) rami, trunks, divisions, cords.

Which of the following is the correct arrangement of a reflex arc? A) receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector B) integration center, receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, effector C) effector, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, receptor D) receptor, motor neuron, integration center, effector, sensory neuron

A) receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector

The tibial and common fibular nerves branch from the ________ nerve. A) sciatic B) pudendal C) axillary D) femoral

A) sciatic

Motor neurons to skeletal muscle belong to the A) somatic division of the nervous system. B) autonomic nervous system. C) afferent division of the autonomic nervous system. D) visceral division of the nervous system.

A) somatic division of the nervous system.

The cell bodies located in the anteriormost region of the spinal cord's gray matter belong to this group. A) somatic motor B) somatic sensory C) visceral motor D) visceral sensory

A) somatic motor

A man walking barefoot stepped on a piece of glass. His foot jerked upward in which type of reflex? A) somatic, polysynaptic withdrawal reflex B) visceral, monosynaptic stretch reflex C) somatic, monosynaptic withdrawal reflex D) visceral, polysynaptic withdrawal reflex

A) somatic, polysynaptic withdrawal reflex

Cerebrospinal fluid is located within the A) subarachnoid space. B) orbits. C) cerebral cortex. D) superior sagittal sinus.

A) subarachnoid space.

Chemical signals diffuse between neurons at this location. A) synapse B) axon terminal C) axon D) cell body E) dendrite

A) synapse

This is the site of communication between neurons. A) synapse B) axon terminal C) axon D) cell body E) dendrite

A) synapse

Cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves are located in A) the dorsal root ganglia external to the spinal cord. B) the posterior gray horn of the spinal cord. C) the thalamus. D) nuclei of the cranial nerves.

A) the dorsal root ganglia external to the spinal cord.

Identify which letter represents the most abundant category of glial cells in the CNS. A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

B) B

Which letter indicates a tactile corpuscle (Meissner's corpuscle) that is responsive to light pressure? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

B) B

Which letter indicates an area that is characterized by huge neurons known as pyramidal cells? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

B) B

Which cranial nerve pair is characterized by somatic sensory fibers crossing at the ventral midline of the brain? A) I B) II C) IV D) V E) VIII

B) II

What is the anatomical distinction between the basal ganglia and the basal forebrain nuclei? A) The basal forebrain nuclei are located in the prefrontal cortex, whereas the basal ganglia are within the midbrain. B) The basal forebrain nuclei are located closer to the hypothalamus, whereas the basal ganglia lie near the internal capsule. C) The basal ganglia are located in the brain stem, whereas the basal forebrain nuclei are located within the cerebrum. D) The basal ganglia are located outside the CNS, whereas the basal forebrain nuclei are located within the cerebrum.

B) The basal forebrain nuclei are located closer to the hypothalamus, whereas the basal ganglia lie near the internal capsule.

Which of these statements concerning the sympathetic division is incorrect? A) The preganglionic cell bodies form the lateral gray horn in some areas of the spinal cord. B) There is a sympathetic trunk ganglion for each of the 31 spinal nerves. C) There is approximately one chain ganglion for each spinal nerve. D) It is more complex than the parasympathetic system because it supplies more structures than

B) There is a sympathetic trunk ganglion for each of the 31 spinal nerves.

Which of these statements is not a characteristic of collateral ganglia of the sympathetic division? A) They lie in the abdomen and pelvis. B) They are paired and segmented. C) They lie anterior to the vertebral column. D) They are located mostly on the abdominal aorta.

B) They are paired and segmented.

Which of the following statements about neurotransmitters is false? A) They alter the permeability of the postsynaptic cell membrane. B) They are waves of positive charges that travel down axons. C) They are released from synaptic vesicles. D) They diffuse across the synaptic cleft.

B) They are waves of positive charges that travel down axons.

Which cranial nerve pair has three major branches, the maxillary, mandibular, and ophthalmic divisions? A) IV B) V C) VIII D) XI E) XII

B) V

Which of the cranial nerve listed below is the largest in diameter? A) IV B) V C) VIII D) XI E) XII

B) V

Which of the following is not part of the basal ganglia? A) putamen B) Wernicke's area C) globus pallidus D) caudate nucleus

B) Wernicke's area

Which cranial nerve pair is comprised of ventral rootlets from C1-C5 A) abducens B) accessory C) glossopharyngeal D) hypoglossal

B) accessory

A descriptive term that identifies the type of neurotransmitter released by sympathetic postganglionic fibers. A) postganglionic neuron B) adrenergic C) medulla D) cholinergic E) none of the above

B) adrenergic

All of the following are characteristics of dendrites except that they A) are more extensive branching than axons. B) always conduct action potentials. C) conduct signals toward the cell body. D) typically occur as more than one per cell.

B) always conduct action potentials.

Which of the following regions is not innervated by nerves of the sacral plexus (L4-S4)? A) posterior thigh B) anterior thigh muscles C) foot D) external genitalia

B) anterior thigh muscles

Mitochondria are particularly abundant here. A) synapse B) axon terminal C) axon D) cell body E) dendrite

B) axon terminal

The ________ of a presynaptic neuron associates with the dendrite of a postsynaptic neuron. A) synapse B) axon terminal C) axon D) cell body E) dendrite

B) axon terminal

These regions of a neuron are also referred to as terminal boutons. A) synapse B) axon terminal C) axon D) cell body E) dendrite

B) axon terminal

Vesicles containing neurotransmitters are located in A) a synaptic cleft. B) axon terminals. C) the postsynaptic region of dendrites. D) the nodes of Ranvier.

B) axon terminals.

Which of these regions has two hemispheres connected by the corpus callosum? A) hypothalamus B) cerebrum C) cerebellum D) thalamus

B) cerebrum

Which of these regions of the brain contains the basal forebrain nuclei in the deep gray matter? A) hypothalamus B) cerebrum C) cerebellum D) thalamus

B) cerebrum

Which of these regions of the brain has frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes, as well as the insula? A) hypothalamus B) cerebrum C) cerebellum D) thalamus

B) cerebrum

Two parts of the brain that are most involved in emotions are the A) medulla and cerebellum. B) cingulate gyrus and hypothalamus. C) superior and inferior colliculi. D) red nucleus and substantia nigra.

B) cingulate gyrus and hypothalamus.

Which of the following is not a function of nuclei within the reticular formation? A) adjust respiratory and cardiovascular functions B) consolidate and store memories C) coordinate cranial nerve reflexes D) maintain consciousness and alertness

B) consolidate and store memories

Sensory impulses from the skin would be transmitted into the spinal cord on the A) ventral root of spinal nerves. B) dorsal root of spinal nerves. C) sympathetic nerve pathway. D) pathway of parasympathetic neurons.

B) dorsal root of spinal nerves.

Parasympathetic impulses to the stomach pass through the A) celiac plexus. B) esophageal plexus. C) inferior hypogastric plexus. D) superior mesenteric plexus.

B) esophageal plexus.

One of the distinctions between the cerebrum and cerebellum is that A) gray matter is found superficially and deep in the cerebrum but is present only superficially in the cerebellum. B) fibers of the cerebellum enter and leave ipsilaterally, whereas those of the cerebrum enter and leave contralateraly. C) the cerebrum is folded into gyri and lobes, whereas the cerebellum is only folded into folia but lacks lobes. D) the cerebellum is involved only in refining motor responses, whereas the cerebrum is involved in both motor function and cognition.

B) fibers of the cerebellum enter and leave ipsilaterally, whereas those of the cerebrum enter and leave contralateraly.

A receptor that monitors stretch of the patellar tendon can be classified as a A) mechanoreceptor and interoceptor. B) mechanoreceptor and proprioceptor. C) nociceptor and exteroceptor. D) baroreceptor and proprioceptor.

B) mechanoreceptor and proprioceptor.

Adrenergic hormones are secreted into the bloodstream in this region of the adrenal gland. A) hypothalamus B) medulla C) medulla oblongata D) rami communicantes E) sympathetic trunk

B) medulla

Neural centers that control heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the A) thalamus. B) medulla. C) midbrain. D) cerebrum.

B) medulla.

These glial cells arise from embryonic white blood cells. A) ependymal cells B) microglia C) oligodendrocytes D) satellite cells

B) microglia

Which cells are the macrophages of the CNS? A) ependymal cells B) microglial cells C) satellite cells D) Schwann cells

B) microglial cells

The brain stem consists of the A) cerebrum, pons, midbrain, and medulla. B) midbrain, medulla, and pons. C) pons, medulla, cerebellum, and midbrain. D) midbrain only

B) midbrain, medulla, and pons.

The chemical substance that is released at axon terminals is called a A) hormone. B) neurotransmitter. C) synaptic vesicle. D) Nissl body.

B) neurotransmitter.

Tactile corpuscles (Meissner's corpuscles) A) occur in hairy skin. B) occur in dermal papillae. C) are nociceptors. D) are free unencapsulated dendritic endings.

B) occur in dermal papillae.

Interneurons are found A) only in the visceral nervous system. B) only in the CNS. C) only in the PNS. D) only in the autonomic nervous system.

B) only in the CNS.

Mixed cranial nerves containing both motor and sensory fibers include all of the following except the A) facial. B) optic. C) trigeminal. D) vagus.

B) optic.

Focusing the eye on a nearby object in the field of vision is a function of which division of the ANS? A) sympathetic B) parasympathetic C) somatic D) cranial

B) parasympathetic

In which autonomic division do nerve cell bodies lie closest to the organs being innervated? A) sympathetic B) parasympathetic C) visceral sensory D) somatic motor

B) parasympathetic

Which division of the autonomic nervous system has preganglionic fibers within the facial nerve? A) sympathetic B) parasympathetic C) somatic D) CNS

B) parasympathetic

Another name for a chain ganglion is A) sympathetic trunk. B) paravertebral ganglion. C) prevertebral ganglion. D) intramural ganglion.

B) paravertebral ganglion.

The covering of a fascicle within a nerve is the A) endoneurium. B) perineurium. C) ectoneurium. D) epineurium.

B) perineurium.

Which of these nerves does not arise primarily from the brachial plexus? A) median B) phrenic C) radial D) ulnar

B) phrenic

Which of the following is a descending motor spinal tract? A) dorsal column pathway B) pyramidal pathway C) spinocerebellar pathway D) spinothalamic pathway

B) pyramidal pathway

The trigeminal nerve contains which class(es) of nerve fibers? A) somatic sensory only B) somatic motor and general somatic sensory C) somatic sensory, visceral sensory, and visceral motor D) somatic motor only

B) somatic motor and general somatic sensory

The cell bodies located in the posteriormost region of the spinal cord's gray matter belong to this group. A) somatic motor B) somatic sensory C) visceral motor D) visceral sensory

B) somatic sensory

Division of the ANS most active during vigorous exercise describes the A) parasympathetic division. B) sympathetic division. C) autonomic nervous system.

B) sympathetic division.

Division of the ANS responsible for the fight-or-flight response describes the A) parasympathetic division. B) sympathetic division. C) autonomic nervous system.

B) sympathetic division.

The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of A) parasympathetic innervation. B) sympathetic stimulation. C) vagus nerve activity. D) reflex control.

B) sympathetic stimulation.

Ganglia of this structure are connected to the ventral rami of spinal nerves through the rami communicantes. A) collateral ganglia B) sympathetic trunk C) pre-vertebral ganglia D) inferior hypogastric plexus E) celiac ganglion

B) sympathetic trunk

Which of these receptors would not be found within a synovial joint capsule? A) free nerve endings B) tactile corpuscles (Meissner's corpuscles) C) lamellar corpuscles (Pacinian corpuscles) D) bulbous corpuscles (Ruffini endings)

B) tactile corpuscles (Meissner's corpuscles)

Which of the cranial nerves listed below provides innervation to one of the extrinsic eye muscles? A) trigeminal B) trochlear C) optic D) facial

B) trochlear

The gray and white rami communicantes attach to the A) dorsal root ganglia. B) ventral rami. C) dorsal roots. D) spinal nerves.

B) ventral rami.

Disorders of balance may follow trauma to which nerve? A) abducens B) vestibulocochlear C) trigeminal D) accessory

B) vestibulocochlear

Which letter indicates receptors that respond chiefly to pain and temperature? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

C) C

Which letter indicates the cranial nerve that has three major branches, and is cranial nerve V? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

C) C

Which letter indicates the primary somatosensory cortex? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

C) C

Of the cranial nerve pairs listed below, which nerve, along with XI and XII, relays only somatic motor impulses? A) I B) II C) IV D) V E) VIII

C) IV

Which of these statements concerning gray rami communicantes is incorrect? A) They carry postganglionic fibers to peripheral structures. B) Their fibers are unmyelinated. C) They contain all the preganglionic fibers traveling to the sympathetic chain. D) They are associated with sympathetic trunk ganglia.

C) They contain all the preganglionic fibers traveling to the sympathetic chain.

The cranial nerve pair with large branches that passes through the foramen ovale of the skull is A) I. B) III. C) V. D) VII.

C) V.

Damage to which cranial nerve pair can cause deafness and problems with equilibrium? A) IV B) V C) VIII D) XI E) XII

C) VIII

What is the only cranial nerve that has fibers that enter and leave the skull through different foramen? (Hint: It enters through the foramen magnum and leaves through the jugular foramen.) A) VI B) XII C) XI D) I

C) XI

Of the following, which is the only structure that is in the PNS, as opposed to the CNS? A) a tract B) white matter C) a ganglion D) gray matter

C) a ganglion

An axon collateral from one neuron that circles back and synapses with a previous neuron describes A) a converging circuit. B) parallel processing. C) a reverberating circuit. D) serial processing.

C) a reverberating circuit.

The general visceral motor division of the peripheral nervous system describes the A) parasympathetic division. B) sympathetic division. C) autonomic nervous system.

C) autonomic nervous system.

In this part of a neuron, neurofilaments, actin microfilaments, and microtubules are particularly abundant, providing structural support and a transport network. A) synapse B) axon terminal C) axon D) cell body E) dendrite

C) axon

This neuronal region transmits electrical impulses away from the cell body. A) synapse B) axon terminal C) axon D) cell body E) dendrite

C) axon

This part of the neuron may have branching collaterals. A) synapse B) axon terminal C) axon D) cell body E) dendrite

C) axon

This tends to be the longest cytoplasmic projection from a neuron. A) synapse B) axon terminal C) axon D) cell body E) dendrite

C) axon

Which of the following is the correct path an impulse takes across a synapse? A) axon of postsynaptic neuron, dendrite of presynaptic neuron, synaptic cleft B) dendrite of presynaptic neuron, synaptic cleft, axon of postsynaptic neuron C) axon of presynaptic neuron, synaptic cleft, dendrite of postsynaptic neuron D) synaptic cleft, dendrite of postsynaptic neuron, axon of presynaptic neuron

C) axon of presynaptic neuron, synaptic cleft, dendrite of postsynaptic neuron

Which of these regions of the brain, besides the cerebrum, has an outer cortical layer of gray matter? A) hypothalamus B) cerebrum C) cerebellum D) thalamus

C) cerebellum

Which of these regions superior-most aspect is found in close proximityl to the fourth ventricle and lies lies just posterior to the pons? A) hypothalamus B) cerebrum C) cerebellum D) thalamus

C) cerebellum

Which one of these is solely innervated by the parasympathetic division? A) adipose tissue B) arrector pili muscle of the hair follicle C) ciliary muscle of the eye D) sweat glands

C) ciliary muscle of the eye

Nonmyelinated axons A) are thicker than myelinated axons. B) are not associated with any Schwann cells. C) conduct impulses more slowly than myelinated axons. D) occur in the PNS, but not in the CNS.

C) conduct impulses more slowly than myelinated axons

The peripheral nerve fibers that speed up the movement of the digestive tract are classified as A) general visceral sensory (afferent). B) special visceral sensory. C) general visceral motor (efferent). D) special somatic motor.

C) general visceral motor (efferent).

The function of the blood-brain barrier is to A) keep neurons from innervating blood vessels. B) prevent all contact between bloodborne molecules and brain tissue. C) help protect the central nervous system D) provide an impenetrable barrier between blood and brain, because the brain gets all its nourishment from the cerebrospinal fluid.

C) help protect the central nervous system

Control of temperature, of autonomic nervous reflexes, of hunger, and of sleep are functions associated with the A) medulla. B) cerebellum. C) hypothalamus. D) thalamus.

C) hypothalamus.

Where would you not find an autonomic ganglion? A) in the head B) in the cervical region C) in the armpit D) alongside the vertebral column

C) in the armpit

The adrenal medulla is stimulated by preganglionic neurons localized to gray matter of the spinal cord A) in the cervical region. B) in the upper thoracic region. C) in the lower thoracic region. D) in the lower lumbar region.

C) in the lower thoracic region.

The sympathetic system causes A) decreased blood glucose and peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure. B) increased blood glucose and peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood pressure. C) increased blood glucose, heart rate, and blood pressure, and decreased peristalsis. D) decreased blood glucose, heart rate, and blood pressure, and increased peristalsis.

C) increased blood glucose, heart rate, and blood pressure, and decreased peristalsis.

Parasympathetic ganglia that are located within the walls of the innervated organs are called A) collateral ganglia. B) dorsal root ganglia. C) intramural ganglia. D) paravertebral ganglia.

C) intramural ganglia.

The cauda equina A) consists of hair like the tail of a horse. B) describes the radiating patterns of projection fibers. C) is a series of nerve roots in the lumbar and sacral region. D) is confined to the thoracic and cervical segments of the spinal cord.

C) is a series of nerve roots in the lumbar and sacral region.

Cell bodies of the preganglionic sympathetic neurons are located within the A) dorsal root ganglia. B) intramural ganglia. C) lateral gray horns of the spinal cord. D) sympathetic trunk.

C) lateral gray horns of the spinal cord.

Cell bodies of preganglionic sympathetic neurons are located within the A) dorsal root ganglia. B) intramural ganglia. C) lateral horns of the gray matter of the spinal cord. D) sympathetic trunk.

C) lateral horns of the gray matter of the spinal cord.

Which of these cranial nerve pairs do not pass through the superior orbital fissures? A) abducens B) oculomotor C) optic D) trochlear

C) optic

The cell bodies of postganglionic neurons that stimulate secretion of the parotid gland are in the A) superior cervical ganglion. B) submandibular ganglion. C) otic ganglion. D) sphenopalatine ganglion.

C) otic ganglion.

Which of the following is not considered a special somatic sense? A) smell B) taste C) pain D) equilibrium

C) pain

The only one of the meninges that follows the brain surface into a cerebral sulcus is the A) dura mater. B) arachnoid mater. C) pia mater. D) alma mater.

C) pia mater.

Cell body of this autonomic neuron lies within the CNS. A) collateral ganglia B) rami communicantes C) pre-ganglionic neuron D) splanchnic nerves E) post-ganglionic neuron

C) pre-ganglionic neuron

Neurofibrils A) form synapses with axons of postsynaptic neurons. B) help circulate cerebrospinal fluid. C) prevent the neuron from being pulled apart when subjected to tensile forces. D) receive incoming stimuli and pass the signal toward the cell body.

C) prevent the neuron from being pulled apart when subjected to tensile forces.

Which nerve does not arise from the anterior division of the brachial plexus? A) median B) musculocutaneous C) radial D) ulnar

C) radial

Which of these nerves arises from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus? A) median B) musculocutaneous C) radial D) ulnar

C) radial

These glial cells surround the cell bodies of sensory neurons within ganglia of the PNS. A) astrocytes B) microglia C) satellite cells D) Schwann cells

C) satellite cells

Which of these is not innervated by the ANS? A) cardiac muscle B) smooth muscle C) skeletal muscle D) glands

C) skeletal muscle

Which division of the nervous system is characterized by highly branched postganglionic fibers that innervate multiple organs? A) parasympathetic B) somatic motor C) sympathetic D) visceral sensory

C) sympathetic

The lateral cord of the brachial plexus forms directly from A) the upper, middle, and lower trunks. B) the posterior divisions of the middle and lower trunks. C) the anterior divisions of the upper and middle trunks. D) roots C7-T1.

C) the anterior divisions of the upper and middle trunks.

In the region of the spinal cord, the cell bodies of most interneurons lie in A) sensory ganglia. B) the PNS. C) the dorsal half of the gray matter. D) the ventral half of the white matter.

C) the dorsal half of the gray matter.

After someone faints, smelling salts of ammonia may be placed under the person's nose. The person breathes the ammonia vapors, which deliver a sharp jolt to the nasal membranes, and the person wakes up. This illustrates A) how smells bring about emotions. B) the function of the hypothalamus in controlling sleep. C) the function of sensory input to the reticular activating system. D) how smells elicit memories of being awake, causing the person to awaken.

C) the function of sensory input to the reticular activating system.

The complexity of the CNS can be attributed to A) the large number of sensory neurons carrying information to the CNS. B) the different types of receptors outside the CNS. C) the large number of interneurons in the CNS. D) the large number of motor neurons leaving the CNS.

C) the large number of interneurons in the CNS.

A "motor homunculus" can be visualized as an overlay on the precentral gyrus. The reason why the facial region of this homunculus covers such a large surface area is because A) our ears are large for hearing. B) our eyes are large for seeing. C) we have very expressive faces. D) we have very sensitive lips

C) we have very expressive faces.

Which letter indicates Wernicke's area, which is important for understanding spoken words? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

D) D

Which letter indicates a lamellar corpuscle (Pacinian corpuscle) that rapidly adapts to deep pressure stimuli? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

D) D

Which letter indicates the cranial nerve that has motor fibers that innervate muscles of facial expression? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

D) D

To avoid double vision, which of the following groups of cranial nerves must be functioning correctly? A) I, IX, and X B) VII, VIII, and XII C) V, XI, and XII D) III, IV, and VI

D) III, IV, and VI

Which cranial nerves have fibers that relay somatic motor impulses to pharyngeal muscles during swallowing? A) I and II B) V and XII C) VI and VII D) IX and X

D) IX and X

The difference between myelinated and unmyelinated axons is that A) Schwann cells are not associated with unmyelinated axons. B) Schwann cells form more widely spaced nodes of Ranvier in unmyelinated axons. C) Schwann cells simultaneously surround multiple axons in myelinated axons. D) Schwann cells wrap around myelinated axons in concentric layers.

D) Schwann cells wrap around myelinated axons in concentric layers.

Which of the following statements concerning sensory neurons is incorrect? A) Most are pseudounipolar. B) Most have their cell bodies in ganglia outside the CNS. C) They have peripheral and central processes. D) They contain only dendrites.

D) They contain only dendrites.

A person who cannot blink or smile could have damage to which cranial nerve? A) I B) III C) V D) VII

D) VII

Over 90% of all preganglionic parasympathetic fibers are in cranial nerve A) III. B) V. C) VII. D) X.

D) X.

The spinal root of which cranial nerve pair innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles? A) IV B) V C) VIII D) XI E) XII

D) XI

Which cranial nerve pair along with the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves, exits through the jugular foramen? A) IV B) V C) VIII D) XI E) XII

D) XI

It is easy to confuse the terms sulcus and gyrus (on the cerebral cortex). The difference between these two terms is that A) a sulcus corresponds to a folia on the cerebellum, whereas a gyrus corresponds to a fissure. B) a sulcus is the same as a fissure on the cerebral cortex, whereas a gyrus is a lobe. C) a sulcus is a groove, and a gyrus is a deeper groove. D) a gyrus is a ridge, and a sulcus is a groove.

D) a gyrus is a ridge, and a sulcus is a groove.

An example of an encapsulated receptor is A) a hair follicle receptor. B) a tendon organ. C) a tactile epithelial cell (Merkel disc). D) a lamellar corpuscle (Pacinian corpuscle).

D) a lamellar corpuscle (Pacinian corpuscle).

Which of the following is not a characteristic of neurons? A) longevity B) inability to divide C) high metabolic rate D) ability to survive without oxygen

D) ability to survive without oxygen

The cranial nerves that have neural connections with the tongue include all of the following except the A) trigeminal. B) facial. C) glossopharyngeal. D) accessory.

D) accessory.

Which of the following is not a hindbrain structure? A) fourth ventricle B) pons C) medulla D) basal nuclei

D) basal nuclei

The site of origin of the preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system is the A) thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord. B) higher brain centers. C) chain and prevertebral ganglia. D) brain stem and the sacral region of the cord.

D) brain stem and the sacral region of the cord.

All of the following are structures of the limbic system except the A) hippocampus. B) cingulate gyrus. C) amygdaloid nucleus. D) caudate nucleus

D) caudate nucleus

An axosomatic synapse occurs between the axon terminals of one neuron and the ________ of a proximal neuron. A) synapse B) axon terminal C) axon D) cell body E) dendrite

D) cell body

This region of a neuron contains chromatophilic substance or Nissl bodies. A) synapse B) axon terminal C) axon D) cell body E) dendrite

D) cell body

This region of the neuron contains a single nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm. A) synapse B) axon terminal C) axon D) cell body E) dendrite

D) cell body

The second largest region of the brain is the A) cerebrum. B) brain stem. C) diencephalon. D) cerebellum.

D) cerebellum.

A class of preganglionic fibers present in both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. A) postganglionic neuron B) adrenergic C) medulla D) cholinergic E) none of the above

D) cholinergic

Cardiovascular effects of the sympathetic division include all of the following except A) constriction of most blood vessels. B) dilation of the vessels serving the skeletal muscles. C) increase in heart rate and force. D) dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestive viscera.

D) dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestive viscera.

The entire nerve is surrounded by a tough fibrous sheath called the A) endoneurium. B) perineurium. C) ectoneurium. D) epineurium.

D) epineurium.

The primary nerve to muscles of the anterior thigh is the A) sciatic. B) obturator. C) sural. D) femoral.

D) femoral.

Gray matter in the CNS contains all of the following except A) neuron cell bodies. B) neuroglia. C) dendrites. D) fiber tracts.

D) fiber tracts.

A node of Ranvier (myelin sheath gap) A) occurs only in ganglia. B) is one segment of the myelin sheath. C) occurs in the PNS but not in the CNS. D) is a bare region of axonal membrane in myelinated axons only.

D) is a bare region of axonal membrane in myelinated axons only.

The muscles that initiate flexion at the elbow joint (biceps brachii and brachialis) are innervated by what nerve from the lateral cord? A) radial B) median C) ulnar D) musculocutaneous

D) musculocutaneous

A nerve cell is the same as a A) nerve. B) nerve fiber. C) neurilemmocyte. D) neuron.

D) neuron.

The visual association area of the cerebral cortex is located in the A) frontal lobe. B) insula. C) parietal lobe. D) occipital lobe.

D) occipital lobe.

Which cells provide the myelin sheath for neurons in the CNS? A) Schwann cells B) astrocytes C) microglial cells D) oligodendrocyctes

D) oligodendrocyctes

The trunk ganglia contain what kind of cell bodies? A) preganglionic parasympathetic B) postganglionic parasympathetic C) preganglionic sympathetic D) postganglionic sympathetic

D) postganglionic sympathetic

The calcarine sulcus contains which functional area? A) primary somatosensory B) auditory association C) frontal eye field D) primary visual

D) primary visual

Which spinal nerve relays motor impulses to most of the muscles of the posterior forearm? A) ulnar B) median C) axillary D) radial

D) radial

Short nerve branches that connect the ventral rami of spinal nerves to the sympathetic ganglia. A) hypothalamus B) medulla C) medulla oblongata D) rami communicantes E) sympathetic trunk

D) rami communicantes

All of the following have only sympathetic innervation except the A) blood vessels. B) sweat glands. C) arrector pili. D) salivary glands.

D) salivary glands.

Myelin on axons functions to A) make the axons live longer. B) store nutrients (fat) for use by the neurons. C) cover nodes of Ranvier. D) speed the rate of impulse conduction and insulate neighboring axons from one another.

D) speed the rate of impulse conduction and insulate neighboring axons from one another.

Which of these foramen does not include a branch of the trigeminal nerve? A) mandibular B) ovale C) rotundum D) spinosum

D) spinosum

Three "seeing/vision" nuclei that occupy the midbrain of humans are the A) red nucleus, substantia nigra, and cerebral peduncle. B) inferior colliculi, reticular formation, and periaqueductal gray. C) lateral geniculate, red nucleus, and visual association area. D) superior colliculi, motor nucleus for oculomotor nerve, and motor nucleus for trochlear nerve.

D) superior colliculi, motor nucleus for oculomotor nerve, and motor nucleus for trochlear nerve.

Division that is dominant during exercise, excitement, or emergencies. A) parasympathetic B) enteric nervous system C) inferior hypogastric plexus D) sympathetic E) cholinergic

D) sympathetic

The ANS stimulates cardiac muscle as well as smooth muscle and glands. Which of the following nerves carries autonomic fibers that increase the rate of cardiac muscle contraction? A) phrenic nerves B) sympathetic nerves from the lower half of the thoracolumbar spinal cord C) vagus nerves D) sympathetic nerves from the middle and inferior cervical ganglion

D) sympathetic nerves from the middle and inferior cervical ganglion

Which of these regions functions to direct nearly all sensory input, except olfactory impulses, to the cerebral cortex? A) hypothalamus B) cerebrum C) cerebellum D) thalamus

D) thalamus

Which of these regions is the largest part of the diencephalon and forms the upper and lateral walls of the third ventricle? A) hypothalamus B) cerebrum C) cerebellum D) thalamus

D) thalamus

Which areas of the brain are most likely to process and store motor skill memories? A) the ependymal cells and ventricles B) the amygdala and cingulate gyrus C) the thalamus and hypothalamus D) the premotor cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum

D) the premotor cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum

An example of proprioception is A) the contraction of the triceps brachii. B) the contraction of pharyngeal arch muscles used in chewing. C) sensing a feather touch the skin. D) the sensation you feel during a wake-up stretch.

D) the sensation you feel during a wake-up stretch.

A cerebrovascular accident patient who is unable to recognize faces and objects but can still visually perceive spatial arrangement of objects most likely has damage to A) the primary visual cortex. B) the occipital lobe. C) the posterior association area. D) the temporal lobe.

D) the temporal lobe.

Sympathetic fibers leave the spinal cord in the A) craniosacral regions, and the postganglionic fibers secrete norepinephrine. B) thoracolumbar region, and the postganglionic fibers secrete acetylcholine. C) craniosacral regions, and the postganglionic fibers secrete acetylcholine. D) thoracolumbar region, and the postganglionic fibers secrete norepinephrine.

D) thoracolumbar region, and the postganglionic fibers secrete norepinephrine.

Which of the following grooves separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum? A) lateral sulcus B) central sulcus C) longitudinal fissure D) transverse cerebral fissure

D) transverse cerebral fissure

dentify the pathway that correctly traces the movement of preganglionic sympathetic fibers. A) dorsal root to gray ramus communicans to sympathetic trunk ganglion B) dorsal root to sympathetic trunk ganglion to gray ramus communicans C) ventral root to sympathetic trunk ganglion to white ramus communicans D) ventral root to white ramus communicans to sympathetic trunk ganglion

D) ventral root to white ramus communicans to sympathetic trunk ganglion

Identify the letter that indicates the region of a neuron where neurotransmitters are released. A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

E) E

Identify which diagram represents a cell that produces a myelin sheath in the central nervous system. A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

E) E

Which letter indicates a bulbous corpuscle (Ruffini ending) that slowly adapts to deep pressure stimuli? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

E) E

Which letter indicates the cranial nerve with nerve fibers that pass through the hypoglossal canal? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

E) E

Which letter indicates the medulla, the functional neural connection between the pons and the spinal cord? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

E) E

Which cranial nerve pair, similar to cranial nerve II, runs through a canal that bears the same name? A) IV B) V C) VIII D) XI E) XII

E) XII

In an axodendritic synapse, the region of the postsynaptic neuron that binds the released neurotransmitter is the ________. A) synapse B) axon terminal C) axon D) cell body E) dendrite

E) dendrite

These regions of a neuron are characterized by numerous, short cytoplasmic extensions and are often referred to as receiving regions. A) synapse B) axon terminal C) axon D) cell body E) dendrite

E) dendrite

These regions of the neuron direct electrical currents toward the cell body. A) synapse B) axon terminal C) axon D) cell body E) dendrite

E) dendrite

Cell body of this autonomic neuron lies outside the CNS. A) collateral ganglia B) rami communicantes C) pre-ganglionic neuron D) splanchnic nerves E) post-ganglionic neuron

E) post-ganglionic neuron

A nerve plexus is formed by interconnected dorsal and ventral rami of spinal nerves.

False

A neuron is a collection of nerve fibers in the PNS.

False

All of the neuron's organelles are localized to the cell body.

False

An interoceptor receives information from receptors in the skin, such as temperature, pressure, and pain.

False

Both the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions are part of the somatic motor nervous division.

False

Fibers from the cranial and sacral regions of the spinal cord contribute to the sympathetic division.

False

Less than 15% of all neurons are interneurons.

False

Microglia are ciliated to help circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

False

Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells myelinate neurons within the peripheral nervous system

False

Spinal nerve pairs in the cervical region of the spinal cord are found inferior to the vertebral bodies of the same number.

False

Sympathetic trunk ganglia contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons and are located in the dorsal root of the spinal cord

False

The accessory nerve (cranial nerve CN XI) contains fibers that assist the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).

False

The cardiac center of the medulla oblongata regulates the diameter of blood vessels.

False

The reticular activating system (RAS) contains structures that regulate and cause emotional responses.

False

The somatic motor subdivision of the peripheral nervous system is considered to be an involuntary nervous system.

False

When you contract your Biceps brachii muscle, you are utilizing the somatic sensory portion of the nervous system.

False

Adrenergic postganglionic neurons release the hormones norepinephrine and epinephrine.

True

All of the following are exteroceptors: tactile corpuscles, lamellar corpuscles, and tactile epithelial cells.

True

All of the special senses taste, smell, vision, hearing, and equilibrium are part of the afferent division of the peripheral nervous system.

True

General visceral sensory impulses include pain, temperature, nausea, and hunger.

True

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers are relatively long compared to those of the parasympathetic division.

True

Preganglionic fibers are myelinated, whereas postganglionic fibers are unmyelinated.

True

Special somatic senses have receptors that are located mostly in the head, including hearing and balance and vision.

True

The amygdala is part of the limbic system and has neurons that process the emotions and reactions to fear.

True

The hypothalamus, in addition to the cerebral cortex, is in control of emotional responses.

True

The medullary respiratory center controls the rhythm and rate of breathing.

True

The vasomotor center of the medulla regulates blood pressure.

True

The white matter of the spinal cord contains ascending and descending pathways known as tracts.

True