APUSH Chapter 19

The fictional tale of a black slaves vicious treatment by the cruel Simon Lehrer touches millions of northern hearts and creates stronger opposition to slavery

1852

A newly organized territory becomes a bloody battleground between pro slavery and anti-slavery forces

1854

A black slave attempt to win freedom produces a controversial Supreme Court decision

1857

The hanging of a fanatically violent abolitionist makes him a martyr in the North and a hatred symbol in the south

1859

A "black republican" whose minority sectional victory in a presidential election provoked southern secession

1860

A group of states calling itself a new southern nation declares its independence and chooses its first president

1861

Rifles paid for by New England abolitionists and brought to Kansas by anti-slavery pioneers

Beecher's Bibles

Term that described the prairie territory where a small-scale civil war erupted in 1856

Bleeding Kansas

Abolitionist senator whose verbal attack on the South provoked a physical assault that severely injured him

Charles Sumner

A new nation that proclaimed its independence in Montgomery, Alabama, in 1861

Confederate States of America

Newly formed, middle-of-the-road party of elderly politicians that sought compromise in 1860, but carried only three border states

Constitutional Union Party

A last-ditch plan to save the Union by providing guarantees for slavery in the territories

Crittenden Compromise

Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin

Greatly strengthened northern antislavery feeling

Site of a federal arsenal where a militant abolitionist attempted to start a slave rebellion

Harpers Ferry, Virginia

"The little woman who wrote the book that made this Great War" (the Civil War)

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Southern-born author whose book attacking slavery's effects on whites aroused northern opinion

Hinton R. Helper

Thoughtful political discussions during an Illinois Senate campaign that sharply defined national issues concerning slavery

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

Site where seven seceding states united to declare their independence from the United States

Montgomery, Alabama

Abolitionist group that sent settlers and "Beecher's Bibles" to oppose slavery in Kansas

New England Emigrant Aid Company

Sharp economic decline that increased northern demands for a high tariff and convinced southerners that the North was economically vulnerable

Panic of 1857

Scene of militant abolitionist John Brown's massacre of proslavery men in 1856

Pottawatomie Creek, Kansas

Southern congressman whose bloody attack on a northern senator fueled sectional hatred

Preston Brooks

Hinton r. Helper's the impending crisis of the south contended that

Slavery did great harm to the poor whites of the south

First state to secede from the Union in December 1860

South Carolina

Leading northern Democrat whose presidential hopes fell victim to the conflict over slavery

Stephen A. Douglas

A book by a southern writer that argued that slavery especially oppressed poor whites

The Impending Crisis of the South

As presented to Congress, the Lecompton Constitution provided for

The admission of Kansas as a free state

Although the republican candidate lost to Buchanan, the election of 1856 demonstrated the growing power of the new anti slavery party

True

Both South Carolina and Massachusetts defiantly reelected the principal figures in the Brooks-Sumner beating incident.

True

Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin proved to be the most influential publication in arousing the Northern and European Public's against the evils of slavery

True

John Brown's raid at Harpers Ferry failed to set off a slave uprising but succeeded in inflaming passions in both north and south

True

Republicans considered the Supreme Court's Dred Scott decision invalid and vowed to defy it

True

Seven states seceded and formed the Confederate States of America during the "lameduck" period between Lincoln's election and his inauguration.

True

The election of 1860 was really two campaigns, Lincoln versus Douglas in the North and Bell vs Breckinridge in the South

True

The violence in Kansas was provoked by both radical abolitionists and militant proslavery forces.

True

A powerful, popular novel that altered the course of American politics

Uncle Tom's Cabin

A sworn, written testimony, usually attested to by a notary public or legal officer

affidavit

The allotment or distribution of legislative representatives in districts according to population

apportionment

In politics, a movement or candidacy that gains rapid momentum because of people's purported desire to join a successful cause

bandwagon

blindly or narrowly intolerant

bigoted

the northernmost slave states contested by North and South; during the Civil War the four border states (Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, and Missouri) remained within the Union, though they contained many Confederate sympathizers and volunteers

border state

Black slave whose unsuccessful attempt to win his freedom deepened the sectional controversy

Dred Scott

Controversial Supreme Court ruling that blacks had no civil or human rights and that Congress could not prohibit slavery in the territories

Dred Scott Case

Cause: John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry

Effect: Convinced southerners that the North generally supported murder and slave rebellion

Cause: Lincoln's rejection of the Crittenden Compromise

Effect: Ended the last hopes of a peaceable sectional settlement and an end to secession

Cause: The Dred Scott case

Effect: Infuriated Republicans and made them determined to defy the Supreme Court

Cause: The 1858 Illinois senate race

Effect: Made Lincoln a leading national Republican figure and hurt Douglas's presidential chances

Cause: The election of Lincoln as president

Effect: Moved South Carolina to declare immediate secession from the Union

Cause: The "lame-duck" period and Buchanan's indecisiveness

Effect: Paralyzed the North while the southern secessionist movement gained momentum

Cause: H.B. Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin

Effect: Persuaded millions of northerners and Europeans that slavery was evil and should be eliminated

Cause: The splitting of the Democratic party in 1860

Effect: Shattered one of the last links between the sections and almost guaranteed Lincoln's victory in 1860

Cause: Buchanan's support for the pro-slavery Lecompton Constitution

Effect: led to a "mini" prairie civil war between proslavery and anitslavery factions

Cause: The exercise of "popular sovereignty" in Kansas

Effect: offended senator Douglas and divided the Democratic party

Four-way race for the presidency that resulted in the election of a sectional minority president

Election of 1860

By opposing the proslavery Lecompton Constitution in Kansas, Senator Stephen A. Douglas was able to unite the Democratic party.

False

In the Lincoln-Douglas debates, Lincoln's criticisms forced Douglas to back away from his support for popular sovereignty

False

Lincoln made a strong effort to get the South to accept the Crittenden Compromise in order to avoid a civil war.

False

Northern Democrats walked out of the Democratic Party in 1860 when southerners nominated Stephen a. Douglas for president

False

Prosouthern Kansas pioneers brought numerous slaves with them in order to guarantee that Kansas would not become a free state.

False

The Dred Scott decision upheld the doctrine of popular sovereignty that the people of each territory should determine whether or not to permit slavery

False

The overwhelming support for Lincoln in the North gave him a majority of the total popular vote despite winning almost no votes in the South.

False

Lincoln rejected the proposed Crittenden Compromise because

it permitted the further extension of south of the line of 36"30'

The panic of 1857 encouraged the South to believe that

its economy was fundamentally stronger than that of the North

The fanatical abolitionist John Brown made his first entry into violent antislavery politics by

killing five proslavery settlers at Pottawatomie Creek, Kansas

One who is tortured or killed for adherence to a belief

martyr

During the campaign of 1860, Abraham Lincoln and the Republican party

opposed the expansion of slavery but made no statements threatening to abolish slavery in the South.

land or other things belonging to the whole nation, controlled by the federal government

public domain

A government set up and controlled by outside forces

puppet governement

In the dred Scott decision, the Supreme Court

ruled that Congress could not prohibit slavery in the territories because slaves were private property.

Within two months after the election of Lincoln

seven southern states had seceded and formed the Confederate States of America

concerning the small political groups left after a larger group has divided or broken apart

splintering

In the campaign of 1860, the Democratic party

split in two, with each faction nominating its own presidential candidate

The Sumner-Brooks affair revealed

that violent disagreements about slavery were being felt in the halls of Congress

The election of 1856 was most noteworthy for

the dramatic rise of the Republican party

Southerners were particularly enraged by the John Brown affair because

they believed Brown's violent abolitionist sentiments were shared by the whole North

The service and homage given by a feudal subordinate to an overlord; by extension, any similar arrangement between political figures or entities

vassalage

The conflict over slavery in Kansas

was greatly escalated by abolitionist-funded settlers and proslavery "border ruffians" from Missouri.

A key issue in the Lincoln-Douglas debates was

whether the people of a territory could prohibit slavery in light of the Dred Scott decision.

Weak Democratic president whose manipulation by proslavery forces divided his own party

James Buchanan

Former United States senator who in 1861 became the president of what called itself a new nation

Jefferson Davis

Fanatical and bloody-minded abolitionist martyr admired in the North and hated in the South

John Brown

Buchanan's vice president, nominated for president by breakaway southern Democrats in 1860

John C. Breckenridge

Romantic western hero and the first Republican candidate for president

John C. Fremont

Anti-immigrant party headed by former President Fillmore that competed with republicans and democrats in the election of 1856

Know Nothings

Period between Lincoln's election and his inauguration, during which the ineffectual President Buchanan remained in office.

Lame-Duck Period

Tricky proslavery document designed to bring Kansas into the Union but blocked by Stephen A. Douglas

Lecompton Constitution