Back Muscles w/ pictures

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Spinalis

O: Common origin I: Spines of lumbar vertebrae to spines of upper thoracic vertebrae between T2 and L2 (occasionally up to cervical vertebrae) N: Spinal nerves Fx: Extends the vertebral column *Part of Erector Spinae

Rhomboideus Major

O: Spines of T2-T5 I: Medial border of scapula N: Dosal Scapular nerve Fx: Fix, retract, and rotate scapula

Latissimus Dorsi

O: Spines of T7-Sacrum, iliac crest, 2 ribs I: Intertubercular sulcus of humerus N: Thoracodorsal nerve Fx: Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm

Levator Scapulae

O: Transverse processes of C1-C4 I: Medial border of scapula above the root of the spine N: Dorsal Scapular nerve Fx: Fixes and elevates the scapula; flexes the neck laterally

Multifidus

O: Vertebral arches from C2-S4 I: Spines along the entire vertebral column from C2-S4 N: Spinal nerves Fx: Laterally flexes, rotates, and extends the vertebral column

Illiocostalis

O: Common origin I: Lower 6 ribs, upper 6 ribs, transverse process of the lower cervical vertebrae N: Spinal nerves Fx: Extends and laterally flexes the spine *Part of Erector Spinae

Quadratus Lumborum

O: Iliolumbar ligament and iliac crest I: Transverse process of L1-L4 and the lowermost rib N: Spinal nerves Fx: Laterally flexes the spine

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor

O: Posterior tubercle of C1 I: Occipital bone just medial to RCP major N: Suboccipital nerve Fx: Extends the head

Splenius Cervicis

O: Spines of T1-T6 I: Transverse processes of C1-C4 N: Middle and lower cervical nerves Fx: Laterally flexes, rotates, and extends the head and neck

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major

O: Spinous process of C2 I: Medial to the superior oblique on the occipital bone N: Suboccipital nerve Fx: Extension and rotation of the head

Superior Oblique

O: Transverse process of C1 I: Occipital bone N: Suboccipital nerve Fx: Laterally flexes the head (tilts)

Semispinalis

O: Transverse processes of C2-T12 I: Spines of superior vertebrae N: Spinal nerves Fx: Rotates and extends the vertebral column of the trunk

Semispinalis Capitis

O: Transverse processes of T1-T6 I: Medial part of the occipital bone between the superior and inferior nuchal lines N: Spinal nerves Fx: Rotates and extends the head and neck

Rhomboideus Minor

O: Spine of T1 I: Medial border of scapula N: Dorsal Scapular nerve Fx: Fix, retract, and rotate scapula

Trapezius

O: Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spines of thoracic vertebrae I: Spine and acromion process of scapula, part of clavicle N: Accessory nerve (XI) Fx: Fixes, elevates, rotates scapula; extends head

Inferior Oblique

O: Spinal process of C2 I: Transverse process of C1 N: Suboccipital nerve Fx: Rotates the head

Longissimus

O: Common origin I: Transverse processes of thoracic, lumbar, and cervical vertebrae to the mastoid process of the skull N: Spinal nerves Fx: Extend and laterally flex the spine; extent and rotates the head *Part of Erector Spinae

Splenius Capitis

O: Lower part of ligamentum nuchae I: Lateral aspect of the mastoid process and lateral part of the superior nuchal line of the skull N: Middle and lower cervical nerves Fx: Laterally flexes, rotates, and extends the head and neck


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