BCOR 1030 FINAL
Be able to describe the strategies for managing public speaking anxiety and using it to a speaker's advantage.
-Accept public speaking anxiety as a normal response. -Focus your nervous energy -Visualize a successful performance -Desensitize your fear -Practice in virtual reality -Stay positive
Know the strategies for using supporting materials ethically (avoiding intellectual theft).
-Always give credit where credit is due. -Use only materials that you have the right to use. -Don't plagiarize. -Be aware of fair use laws. -Don't misrepresent or distort the original material.
Be able to describe approaches to planning meetings.
-Ask essential questions because planning for meetings requires strategy, scheduling, and coordination. -Create and distribute an agenda that will include items that will be covered during the planned meeting.
Know the strategies for improving nonverbal interpretation and expression skills.
-Be sensitive to nonverbal messages because we can't interpret messages unless we first take note of them. -Decipher the meaning of nonverbal messages -To improve our ability to express nonverbal messages, spend time with highly expressive people and participate in games and activities that exercise your nonverbal expression skills.
Know the strategies for improving informational, critical, and empathic listening skills.
-Become a better informational listener by separating what is and isn't said, avoiding the confirmation bias, listening for substance more than style. -Become a critical listener by being a skeptic, evaluating a speaker's credibility, understanding probability. Become an empathic listener by listening non-judgmentally, acknowledging feelings, communicating your support nonverbally.
Understand the principles for effectively running in-person meetings.
-Begin on Time -Create tradition, culture, and variety while running in-person meetings. -Set expectations and follow the agenda. -Encourage participation and expression of ideas. -Build consensus and a plan of action -Close the Meeting
Know the strategies for creating a solid structure--beginning, middle end
-Beginning: describe life as your audience articulates what they already understand. After you set that baseline of what is, introduce your ideas of what could be. -Middle: emphasize the contrast between what is and what could be, moving back and forth between them. -End: describe how blissful their world would be when they adopt your new ideas.
Be able to identify the four steps for identifying appropriate presentation topics
-Brainstorm -Consider topics that are right for you -Consider topics that are right for your Audience -Consider topics that are right for the Occasion
Know the strategies for maximizing the effectiveness of presentation aids, including the various types of presentational aids.
-Choose the right type of presentation aid for your audience and message. -Use presentation aids to highlight key points, rather than as a substitute for your own speaking. -Keep your presentation aids simple and uncluttered. -Practice using your presentation aids before your presentation. -Use visual aids to add interest and variety to your presentation. Visual aids, such as slides or videos, can help keep your audience engaged and make your presentation more dynamic. -Types of Presentation Aids: Slides, Handouts, Props, Demonstrations, and Visual Aids
The 7 characteristics of successful communicators and examples
-Completeness. -i.e. the receiver gets all the information he needs to process the message and take action. -Conciseness. keeping your message to a point. -Consideration. - tailoring the message to your audience -Concreteness. - enhances credibility , mitigates the risk for misunderstandings -Courtesy. - respecting the receivers cultures, values, and beliefs -Clearness. - clear communication goal, reduces confusion -Correctness- increases effectiveness and credibility
Understand the strategies for analyzing a speaking context.
-Consider the purpose of why your audience came to hear you speak. -Analyze the size of the audience. -Adapt to the time available for your speech. -Take notes of the demands competing for your listeners' attention. -Attend your audience's existing knowledge about your topic.
Research that should be conducted before the interview for both the specific job and company
-Decide which jobs are right for you. -Complete a thorough job search process. -Analyze the needs of potential employers. -Check your online persona.
Be able to explain distinct styles of leadership.
-Democratic leadership values everyone's input equally. -Autocratic is when the decision is made by one person, not the group. -Laissez-faire is when leaders rarely interact with their employees, give them little feedback on job performance, and generally trust others to make the right decisions.
What to do/prepare before, during and after interview
-Dress appropriately -Research the company -Practice makes perfect
Be aware of the strategies for managing difficult conversations constructively.
-Embrace difficult conversations. -Assume the best in others. -Adopt a learning stance. -Stay calm and overcome noise. -Find common ground. -Disagree diplomatically -Avoid exaggeration and either/or approaches. -Initiate the conversation, share stories, and focus on solutions.
Explain and identify examples for enhancing a story--emotion, metaphor, STAR moment
-Emotion (ex: personal stories) -Metaphor -Star Moment (create something they'll always remember; ex: shocking statistics, evocative visuals, memorable dramatization, emotive anecdote).
Understand how to apply storytelling principles-transformation and structure
-Feature characters that would go through transformation that your audience will go through. -Have a clear structure (beginning, middle, and end).
how to engage your audience and respond to questions.
-Field questions -Pause before answering -Be honest -Show appreciation -Be concise -Reframe the question to match your agenda -Mingle and follow up
Recognize when and how to communicate virtually in teams.
-Focus on building trust - Meet in person at the launch of the virtual team - Get to know one another - Use collaborative technologies - Choose a team leader - Run effective virtual meetings
Explain the stages of development for high-performing teams.
-Forming stage, team members focus on gaining acceptance and avoiding conflict. -Storming stage, team members open up with their competing ideas about how the team should approach work. -The norming stage, the team arrives at a work plan, including the roles, goals, and accountabilities. -The performing stage, teams operate efficiently toward accomplishing their goals.
The 5 steps of Monroe's Motivated Sequence and examples
-Get attention.- story, fact, quote, engaging question, statistic, etc. -Establish the need.- tell audience what the problem is and why it is a problem -Satisfy the need.- what is the solution and how i am going to accomplish it -Visualize the future.- when the solution is applied to the problem -Action/Actualization.- asking audience to do a simple, immediate task (donate or visit a website)
Know how to create presence and confidence while speaking
-Get comfortable with your audience -Choose words that focus on people -Stay flexible and calm -Use the room to your advantage
Know the difference between hearing and listening.
-Hearing is the process of receiving and perceiving sounds. -In contrast, listening is about creating meaning from what you hear by paying attention well enough to understand what that person is trying to communicate.
Be able to summarize the stages in the HURIER model of listening.
-Hearing: Physically perceiving sound -Understanding: Comprehending the words we have heard. -Remembering: Stories and ideas in memory -Interpreting: Assigning meaning to what we have heard. -Evaluating: Judging the speaker's believability and intentions. -Responding: Indicating that we are listening.
Be able to compare and contrast the four styles of delivering a presentation:
-Impromptu- delivered on the spot with little or no preparation. -Extemporaneous- Prepared ahead of time and rehearsed to south as though it was being delivered spontaneously. -Scripted - composed word for word and then read aloud exactly as written. -Memorized - composed word for word and then delivered by memory.
cultural dimensions including: Individualistic and Collectivistic
-Individualistic- People believe their primary responsibility is to themselves. -Collectivistic- Their primary responsibility is to their families, their communities, and their employers.
Be able to differentiate and illustrate informational listening, critical listening, and empathic listening.
-Information listening is used when learning. -Critical listening is used for analyzing. -Empathic listening is used for understanding the speaker.
Be able to identify the goals for both a compelling introduction and conclusion.
-Introduction: capture your audience's attention, build credibility, and preview your main points. -Conclusion: signal the end of your speech, provide a summary of your main points, create a memorable moment, & end with a call to action.
Understand the principles for writing effective emails and digital messages.
-Keep it concise and to the point. -Use a clear and professional subject line. -Use an appropriate tone. The tone of your email should be professional and polite, and should match the context and audience. -Use bullet points or numbered lists to organize information. -Check your grammar and spelling. Make sure to proofread your email carefully before sending it, to ensure that it is free of errors and accurately conveys your intended message. -Use a clear and professional closing. End your email with a polite closing, such as "Best regards" or "Sincerely," followed by your name and contact information.
Understand the techniques for effectively conducting online meetings.
-Learn the functions and limitations of meeting software. -Help participants use the meeting software. -Decide how to document and distribute the discussion -Start the meeting with social chat or a lively question. -Avoid multitasking. -Use video when possible.
cultural dimensions including: Low or high context
-Low Context Culture- People are expected to be direct, to say what they mean, and to use language that is specific and concrete. -High Context Culture- Speak in a much less direct way. Maintaining harmony and avoiding offense are more important than expressing your true feelings
cultural dimensions including: Difference in power distance
-Low-Power Distance Culture: The belief that all individuals are equal and no one person or group should have excessive power -High-Power Distance Culture: Power is distributed less evenly, such as members of the royal family or the ruling political party, have great power, and the average citizen has much less.
Be able to identify the characteristics of main points and the options for arranging them in a speech:
-Main points- statement expressing a specific idea or theme related to topic -Should be written in complete sentences and not bullets -Main points should be related -Should be related to thesis and purpose statement -Main points should be distinct -Main points should be equally important -2-5 main points
cultural dimensions including: Difference in masculine and feminine
-Masculine: People tend to cherish masculine values, such as ambition, achievement, and the acquisition of material goods. -Feminine Culture: People tend to value nurturing behavior, quality of life, and service to others.
Race, ethnicity, nationality
-Nationality: Our status as a Citizen of a particular country -Ethnicity: Ancestry and heritage -Race: Color of skin, hair, eyes, bone structure, etc.
Be able to distinguish between types of interview questions
-Open-ended - Invite a broad range of answers -Close-ended - Brief and specific answers -Hypothetical - Describe a realistic situation and ask you to speculate about how you would react. -Conflict-management - Describe a conflict you faced and how you were able to manage that issue and come up with a solution. -Probing - Open ended questions that are used to talk more in depth about a specific question that was already answered.
Be able to explain the strategies for analyzing an audience.
-Pay attention to who your audiences are, what they care about, and their learning styles. -Take note of your audiences' demographic characteristics (age, sex, economic status, physical and mental traits, political orientation).
cultural dimensions including: Difference in uncertainty avoidance
-People try to avoid situations that are unstructured, unclear, or unpredictable. -Highly Uncertainty-avoidant is drawn to familiar people and situations, and they are relatively unlikely to take risks for fear of failure. -Uncertainty-accepting cultures are more open to a new situation and more accepting of people and ideas that are different from their own.
Understand what each of the four colors tells us about a person's personality; be clear on each color's core motivation.
-Red: Determined and Dominant -Blue: Good-hearted, good conscience -White: Value peace -Yellow: Love themselves, life, and all that it brings.
Know details of proper etiquette for after the interview is over:
-Restate contact information -Send a thank you -When to contact the interviewer
Know the 6 characteristics of competent communicators.
-Self-Awareness -Adaptability -Cognitive Complexity -Empathy -Emotional Intelligence -Ethics
Know the five components of emotional intelligence. Be able to identify examples of each.
-Self-awareness: Knowing ones strengths, weaknesses, drives, values, and impact on others. -Self-Regulation: Controlling or redirecting disruptive impulses and moods. -Motivation: Relishing achievement for its own sake. -Empathy: Understanding other people's emotional makeup. -Social Skill: Building rapport with others to move them in desired directions.
Be able to differentiate two common attribution errors:
-Self-serving bias- Our tendency to attribute our successes to stable, internal causes and our failures to unstable, external causes. -Fundamental attribution error- We attribute other people's behaviors to internal rather than external causes.
Sex, gender and sexuality
-Sex: Born male, female, of another sex, or of indeterminate sex. Inherit traits from biological parents. -Gender: Social and psychological variable that characterizes a person's identity as feminine, masculine, or androgynous. Gender is acquired through our social and cultural experiences. -Sexuality: Describes the sex or sexes to which a person is romantically or sexually attracted.
Understand the psychological, physical, and behavioral effects of stage fright.
-Suffer from public speaking anxiety, which is a form of stress. -Experience anticipatory anxiety. -Experience physical effects such as stress levels, faster heartbeat, heavier breathing. -Experience behavioral effects of stage fright such as quivering, high-pitched voice, and filler words.
Be able to explain how to effectively manage emotion in online communications.
-Take a moment to calm down before responding. If you're feeling upset or angry, it's important to take a moment to collect your thoughts and calm down before responding to the situation. -Use "I" statements to express your feelings. Rather than attacking the other person or blaming them for your emotions, use "I" statements to express how their words or actions have made you feel. This can help you communicate your emotions in a more constructive way. -Avoid using all caps, bolding, or excessive punctuation. -Try to see things from the other person's perspective. Emotions can cloud our judgment and make it difficult to understand why someone else is behaving the way they are. -Use emojis or other nonverbal cues carefully. Emojis and other nonverbal cues can help convey tone and emotion in online communications, but they can also be easily misinterpreted.
organization of main points
-Topic pattern - organizing your main points to represent different categories -Topical Pattern - Arrange by topic -Time pattern - arranging them in chronological order -Space pattern - organizes your main points according to geographic or physical areas -Cause and effect pattern- you organize your points so they describe the causes of an event of phenomenon then identify its consequences -Problem solution pattern - similar to cause and effect, organizing your points so they describe a problem and then offer one or more solutions for it
Be able to summarize the six principles of communication.
-We use communication to meet many needs. Identity/relational needs. -Communication is governed by rules. Explicit rules/ Implicit rules. -Communication comes in verbal and nonverbal forms. -Communication has content and relational dimensions. -Some messages metacommunication. -People give communication its meaning.
Understand the principles of effective communication in professional networks.
-downward communication -upward communication -lateral communication
Know the five components of emotional intelligence. Be able to identify examples of each.
-self-awareness: Self-confidence, self-assessment, self-deprecating sense of humor, thirst for constructive criticism -Self-regulation: Trustworthiness, integrity, comfort with ambiguity and change -Motivation: Passion for work and new challenges, energy to improve, optimism during failure -Empathy: Expert in attracting and retaining talent, ability to develop others, sensitivity to cultural differences -Social skill: Effectiveness in leading change, persuasiveness, networking, expert building/leading teams
Be able to describe three pathways through which self-concept can shape communicative behavior:
-self-monitoring -self-fulfilling prophecies -self esteem
groupthink
-the practice of thinking or making decisions as a group in a way that discourages creativity or individual responsibility. -can be avoided by assigning a devils advocate
Understand functional and dysfunctional approaches to making team decisions.
1. Competing 2. Avoiding 3. Accommodating4. Compromising 5. Collaborating - Leaders should avoid groupthink - Leaders should listen carefully
Types of interviews: Persuasive
A conversation intended to affect your belief, opinion, or behavior.
Types of interviews: Survey
A conversation/interaction aimed at gathering information.
Socioeconomic status
A measure of his or her financial and social position relative to that of others.
Types of interviews: Counseling
An interview interaction aimed at supporting an individual through a personal problem
Types of interviews: Service-Oriented
An interview is a conversation meant to help you with a product or service you purchased.
Types of interviews: Problem-Solving
An interview that helps participants understand the nature of a problem and identify potential solutions.
Types of interviews: Exit
An interview where you've resigned from an organization to take a job elsewhere.
nonverbal communication channel: Artifacts
Artifacts are the objects and visual features within our environment that reflect who we are and what we like.
barriers to effective listening: Information Overload
Being overwhelmed by the huge amount of information we take in every day.
Be able to explain credibility and identify the communication skills it embodies.
Credible communicators invest in building trust, developing rapport, listening actively, maintaining values and accountability, and knowing and adapting to their audience.
Understand the relationship between the color code and emotional intelligence.
Emotional intelligence starts with self-awareness, so take the color code personality test and use it to analyze strengths & weaknesses and become a better version of yourself.
nonverbal communication channel: Facial Displays
Facial expressions. The face communicates more information than any other channel of nonverbal behavior.
co-culture
Groups of people who share values, customs, and norms related to mutual interests or characteristics besides their national citizenship.
nonverbal communication channel: Physical Appearance (Halo Effect)
Halo effect is when a person looks good, most of us subconsciously assume he or she is good. We think attractive people are friendlier, more competent, and more socially skilled than less attractive people.
nonverbal communication channel: Haptics
Haptics is the study of how we use touch to communicate.
Stages of Perception: Interpretation
Interpretation is the final stage. After noticing and classifying a stimulus, you have to assign it an interpretation to figure out its meaning for you.
barriers to effective listening: Competitive Interrupting
Interrupting others to gain control of a conversation.
barriers to effective listening: Noise
It distracts you from listening to what you wish to listen to.
Be able to explain how the nature of self-concept is partially subjective.
It means that many aspects of our self-concept are based on our impressions of ourselves rather than objective facts.
Understand the importance of listening effectively.
Listening effectively allows that person to understand what someone is trying to convey.
barriers to effective listening: Selective Attention
Paying attention to only what you want to hear and ignore the rest.
barriers to effective listening: Glazing Over
Refers to daydreaming.
nonverbal communication channel: Proxemics
Refers to the amount of personal space we cary like an invisible bubble around us.
barriers to effective listening: Closed Mindedness
Refusal even to listen to ideas or positions with which you disagree.
Stages of Perception: selection
Selection is the first stage. This is the process by which your mind and body help you isolate certain stimuli to pay attention to.
Disability status
Sensory impairments, such as blindness or deafness, impaired communication or dyslexia.
Understand the methods of fostering effective verbal communication
Separating opinions from factual claims - Factual claims are backed up by evidence that shows whether a statement is true or false., whereas opinions express a personal judgment or preference that we could agree or disagree with.
Stages of Perception: Organization
The organization is the second stage. Once you have noticed a particular stimulus, the next step in the perception process is organization, the classification of information according to its similarities to and differences from other things you know about.
nonverbal communication channel: Kinesics
The study of movement, including the movement of walking, is kinesics. The use of arm and hand movements to communicate is called gesticulation.
Culture
The totality of learned, shared symbols, language, values, and norms that distinguish one group of people from another.
nonverbal communication channel: Vocalics
Vocalics is the study of paralanguage, which includes the vocal qualities that go along with verbal messages, such as pitch, volume, rate, vocal quality, and verbal fillers, to convey meaning and the intensity of a message.
Be able to decipher which factor they deem as the most important to establish first
Warmth (or trustworthiness) is the most important factor in how people evaluate you.
Be able to identify the two dimensions people use to judge first impressions
Warmth and competence
barriers to effective listening: Rebuttal Tendency
When someone formulates a response even before someone has stopped talking.
The communication model and be able to explain using examples how the process works/looks
a sender, or speaker, transmits a message to a receiver, or listener.
Preview transition
a statement alerting listeners that you are about to shift to a new topic (next...)
Types of interviews: Appraisal
an interview in which you sit down with someone to discuss your performance and goals.
Specific ways that cultures vary and how these aspect impact communication (Ch. 2)
cultures are different, the language, signs and symbols are also different. Different cultures have different meaning of words, behaviors and gestures. Culture also gives rise to prejudices, ethnocentrism, manners and opinions.
barriers to effective listening: Pseudo Listening
is when you pretend to pay attention to someone, even though you weren't really listening.
Low contact culture
keep greater amounts of personal space between themselves and touch one another less frequently.
nonverbal transition
o Body movement (moving around) o Vocal inflection o Pauses o Gestures
Stages of Perception
selection, organization, interpretation
Be able to describe and explain the principal elements of communication, including the communication process.
senders, receivers, channels, context, noise, feedback
Signpost Transition
serve as signs to help listeners follow the path or outline of your speech (therefore, finally, above all, etc)
Summary transition
statement that briefly reminds listeners of points you have already made (as you've seen; so far...)
nonverbal communication channel: Chronemics
the way we use time
High contact culture
usually stand or sit fairly close to one another and touch one another frequently.
