BIO 1113 Final Exam Review

Consider a cell that begins meiosis with 30 total chromosomes. How many chromosomes will be present in each resulting daughter cell by the time the division process reaches metaphase II? A. 0 B. 15 C. 30 D. 60

B. 15

A cell whose haploid number is 12 will have how many chromosomes present at prometaphase of mitosis? A. 12 B. 24 C. 48 D. 62

B. 24

Consider a gene with two alleles that show complete dominance. When two heterozygotes for this gene breed, they have a 25 percent chance of producing a homozygous recessive offspring. The next time these two individuals breed, what are the chances that they will once again have a homozygous recessive progeny? A. 0 percent B. 25 percent C. 50 percent D. 75 percent

B. 25 Percent

An egg has 23 chromosomes, sperm has matching 23 chromosomes and a child has _______. A. 23 B. 46 C. 92 D. 52

B. 46

Which of the following is a difference between benign and malignant tumors? A. Benign tumors form late in cancer progression; Malignant tumors form earlier in cancer progression. B. Benign tumors are noninvasive; malignant tumors can metastasize. C. Benign tumors are caused by positive growth regulators; malignant tumors are caused by negative growth regulators. D. Benign tumors are difficult to remove surgically; malignant tumors are more easily removed surgically.

B. Benign tumors are noninvasive; malignant tumors can metastasize.

Benzopyrene, a powerful cancer-causing chemical found in cigarettes, is a(n) A. Telomerase. B. Carcinogen. C. Oncogene. D. Antibody.

B. Carcinogen

Which of the following does not contribute to the overall genetic diversity present in an organism? A. An independent assortment of chromosomes B. Crossovers between sister chromatids C. Mutation D. Random fertilization of egg cells by sperm cells

B. Crossovers between sister chromatids

The division of the cytoplasm following mitosis to form two new cells is called? A. Mitosis B. Cytokinesis C. Cancer D. Tumor supression

B. Cytokinesis

Mitosis produces 2 genetically different daughter cells and meiosis produces 2 genetically identical cells. A. True B. False

B. False

Mitosis produces gametes and meiosis produces somatic cells. A. True B. False

B. False

Mitosis produces haploid cells and Meiosis produces diploid cells. A. True B. False

B. False

In Eukaryotes, which event leads to a diploid cell? A. Meiosis B. Fertilization C. Binary Fission D. Mutation

B. Fertilization

An organism's traits are determined by the specific combination of inherited _____. A. Cells B. Genes C. Proteins D. Chromatids

B. Genes

Which eukaryotic cell-cycle event is missing in binary fission? A. Cell growth B. DNA duplication C. Mitosis D. Cytokinesis

C. Mitosis

In which of the following stages would a human cell not be diploid? A. Prophase of mitosis B. Telophase of mitosis C. Metaphase of Meiosis II D. Prophase of meiosis I

C. Metaphase of Meiosis II

Daughter cells produced by mitosis ________. A. Are genetically identical to the parent cell. B. Are only created in females. C. Divide the cytoplasm into four parts. D. Cause cancer.

A. Are genetically identical to the parent cell.

If a cell has complete control over both negative and positive regulation of its division, the cell will most likely divide A. It its normal rate. B. Rapidly, but not become a tumor. C. And become a benign tumor. D. And become a malignant tumor.

A. At its normal rate.

In the colon, a polyp is a A. Benign tumor. B. Malignant tumor. C. Metastatic tumor. D. Stage IV cancer.

A. Benign Tumor

The process through which a newly formed daughter cell becomes different from the original parent cell is ________. A. Cell differentiation B. Binary fission C. Cell cycle D. Meiosis

A. Cell differentiation

Which of the following statements about the G0 phase is true? A. Cells in this phase do not have cell cycle regulatory proteins. B. It is a phase that prepares the cell for mitosis. C. It is a phase that prepares the cell for meiosis. D. It is the phase in which DNA is replicated in preparation for cell division.

A. Cells in this phase do not have cell cycle regulatory proteins.

The main difference between plant and animal cell division is that ________. A. Cytokinesis takes place in different ways B. Meiosis occurs only in animals C. Mitosis occurs only in plants D. Plants never produce diploid cells

A. Cytokinesis takes place in different ways

All of the DNA of an organism is the _____________. A. Genome B. Gamete C. Haploid D. Locus

A. Genome

A purple-flowered pea plant has the genotype PP. Which of the following statements about this plant is FALSE? A. Its phenotype is white. B. It has a homozygous-dominant genotype. C. When bred to a white-flowered plant, its offspring will all be purple. D. The gametes produced will all have the same flower color allele

A. Its phenotype is white.

The reduction division of meiosis specifically occurs at ________. A. Meiosis I B. Meiosis II C. Mitosis D. S phase

A. Meiosis I

The aftereffects of a sunburn, as depicted in Figure 7.1 in your textbook, show how skin cells are replaced as they are lost from the surface of the skin. This replacement process represents an example of ________. A. Mitosis B. Meiosis I C. Meiosis II D. Meiosis I and II

A. Mitosis

Which of the following will NOT increase an individual's cancer risk? A. plant-based diet B. obesity C. exposure to hormones D. hepatitis C infection

A. Plant-based diet

Proto-oncogenes are ________ growth regulators that ________ cell proliferation. A. Positive; activate B. Positive; inhibit C. Negative; activate D. Negative; inhibit

A. Positive; Activate

When a cell is unable to repair DNA damage, the p53 protein causes A. Programmed cell death. B. Mutations. C. An increase in the cell cycle rate. D. An increase in oncogene activity.

A. Programmed Cell death.

The most important characteristic that distinguishes meiosis from mitosis is ________. A. The total number of chromosomes present in the daughter cells of each process B. The number of times each stage of the division process occurs C. Whether the chromosomes are duplicated at the end of cell division D. The presence of metaphase in mitosis, but not in meiosis

A. The total number of chromosomes present in the daughter cells of each process

Chromosomes separate and migrate to opposite ends of the cell.

Anaphase

Which statement correctly compares the process of cytokinesis in plant and animal cells cytokinesis? A. There is no difference between the process of cytokinesis as it occurs in plant and animal cells. B. In animals, the membrane pinches inward in the cell center until the cells are separated; in plants, cytokinesis occurs by the fusion of vesicles containing cell wall materials. C. In plants, the membrane pinches inward in the cell center until the cells are separated; in animals, cytokinesis occurs by the fusion of vesicles containing cell wall materials. D. In animals, the membrane pinches inward in the cell center until the cells are separated; in plants, this also happens, but then the cell wall forms spontaneously outside the cell.

B. In animals, the membrane pinches inward in the cell center until the cells are separated; in plants, cytokinesis occurs by the fusion of vesicles containing cell wall materials.

The part of Meiosis is similar to Mitosis is ______________. A. Meiosis I B. Meiosis II C. Meiosis III D. Interkinesis

B. Meiosis II

Which of the following statements regarding mutations is FALSE? A. Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence. B. Mutations are responsible for only a few types of cancers. C. Mutations can increase the activity or production of a protein. D. Mutations can decrease the activity or production of a protein.

B. Mutations are responsible for only a few types of Cancers.

In humans, mitosis ________. A. Produces an altered genetic copy of the parent cell B. Results in diploid daughter cells C. Produces sperm or eggs D. Makes daughter cells whose chromosomes are duplicated

B. Results in diploid daughter cells

You are asked to look at a microscope slide containing dividing human cells. Focusing on one of these cells, you note that it has 23 unduplicated chromosomes. This cell is most likely in which of the following stages of cell division? A. prophase of meiosis II B. telophase of meiosis II C. anaphase of mitosis D. metaphase of meiosis I

B. Telophase of Meiosis II

A normal diploid cell from a newly identified mammal has a total of 50 chromosomes. Which of the following statements about this cell is true? A. If it undergoes meiosis, the daughter cells will have 50 chromosomes. B. The cell contains 24 homologous pairs of chromosomes plus a pair of sex chromosomes. C. In metaphase of mitosis, this cell will have 50 chromatids per cell. D. In metaphase II of meiosis, there will still be 50 chromosomes per cell.

B. The cell contains 24 homologous pairs of chromosomes plus a pair of sex chromosomes.

Which of the following would not be found in cells undergoing anaphase II of meiosis? A. daughter chromosomes B. homologous pairs of chromosomes C. DNA

B. homologous pairs of chromosomes

A chestnut-colored horse is mated with a cremello (cream-colored) horse. During a 10-year period, all of their offspring are palominos. This pattern of inheritance is best explained by A. complete dominance. B. incomplete dominance. C. multiple gene effects. D. environmental effects on genes.

B. incomplete dominance

A pea plant that is heterozygous for the flower color gene makes gametes. What is the probability that a specific gamete contains the recessive white allele for flower color? A. 0 percent B. 25 percent C. 50 percent D. 75 percent

C. 50 percent

Patients undergoing radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy frequently suffer from hair loss, low red blood cell numbers, and digestive symptoms because these therapies kill A. Only benign tumor cells. B. Only malignant tumor cells. C. All rapidly dividing cells. D. Dormant stem cells.

C. All rapidly dividing cells.

Which of the following describes cancer immunotherapy? A. Inhibiting an enzyme that repairs the ends of chromosomes B. Changing the hormone environment to slow cancer cells C. Binding of antibodies to the surface of a cancer cell D. Killing cancer cells with extremely cold temperatures

C. Binding of antibodies to the surface of a cancer cell.

Uncontrolled Mitosis is called? A. Cytokinesis B. A daughter cell C. Cancer D. Super-Mitosis

C. Cancer

Meiosis produces _________ daughter cells. A. Two haploid B. Two diploid C. Four haploid D. Four diploid

C. Four haploid

Cancer is initiated by _____________. A. Daughter cells B. Mitosis C. Gene Mutation D. Cytokinesis

C. Gene Mutation

If you randomly removed a somatic cell from the human body, odds are that it would ________. A. Have been produced by meiosis B. Be haploid C. Have 46 chromosomes D. Have 23 chromosomes

C. Have 46 chromosomes

The second division of meiosis is essentially ________. A. The repeat of the first division of meiosis B. A way to turn haploid cells into diploid cells C. Mitosis that begins with two haploid cells and ends with four haploid cells D. Mitosis that begins with two diploid cells and ends with four diploid cells

C. Mitosis that begins with two haploid cells and ends with four haploid cells

What is a likely evolutionary advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction? A. Sexual reproduction involves fewer steps. B. Less chance of using up the resources in a given environment. C. Sexual reproduction results in greater variation in the offspring. D. Sexual reproduction is more cost-effective.

C. Sexual reproduction results in greater variation in the offspring.

Without angiogenesis, tumor cells would A. undergo programmed cell death. B. mutate. C. starve. D. gain anchorage dependence.

C. Starve

The p53 gene is a(n) A. Proto-oncogene. B. Oncogene. C. Tumor suppressor gene. D. Telomerase gene.

C. Tumor suppressor gene

A diploid cell has ________ the number of chromosomes as a haploid cell. A. One-forth B. One-half C. Twice D. Four times

C. Twice

Assuming your blood type is AB, you can donate blood to people with type ________ blood and can receive blood from people with type ________. A. O; AB B. A; B C. B; A D. AB; O

D. AB; O

A physician suspects that a chromosomal abnormality is the cause of a patient's disease. He orders a karyotype for this patient, which will allow the doctor to ________. A. See the genes located on the patient's chromosomes. B. Determine which chromosomes (maternal or paternal) are present in the patient's cells. C. See the number of mutations the patient has. D. Count the total number of chromosomes present in the patient's cells.

D. Count the total number of chromosomes present in the patient's cells.

Besides growth, what must happen before the cells divides? A. The cytoplasm divides into four parts. B. Gene mutation. C. Cancer. D. DNA replication.

D. DNA replication

The key feature of metaphase in mitosis is that ________. A. The nuclear membrane begins to break down B. New DNA is synthesized C. Chromosomes are no longer in a duplicated form D. Individual chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell

D. Individual chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell

What is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States? A. Prostate cancer B. Colon cancer C. Breast cancer D. Lung cancer

D. Lung Cancer

Malignant colon cancer is caused by A. A single mutation in a tumor suppressor gene. B. A single mutation in a proto-oncogene. C. Two mutations, one in a tumor suppressor gene and one in a proto-oncogene. D. Multiple accumulated mutations in tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes.

D. Multiple accumulated mutations in tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes.

How many pairs of homologous chromosomes would be present in a cell undergoing metaphase II? A. Four B. Two C. One D. None

D. None

An individual with the genotype ii would have blood type: A. A. B. B. C. AB. D. O.

D. O

The genome of what organism is composed of a single, double stranded DNA molecule in the form of a loop? A. Protists B. Eukaryotes C. Animals D. Prokaryotes

D. Prokaryotes

Before a cell can enter mitosis, it must first pass through ________. A. Cytokinesis B. Meiosis C. M phase D. S phase

D. S Phase

The majority of human cancer cases are caused by A. Overactive tumor suppressor genes. B. Underactive proto-oncogenes. C. Inherited genetic defects. D. Somatic mutations.

D. Somatic Mutations

Certain types of cell growth and repair can occur only with the involvement of a unique class of cells that can divide and remain unspecialized for the entire lifetime of an organism. These cells are known as ________. A. Gametes B. Muscle cells C. Cancer cells D. Stem cells

D. Stem cells

Which of the following is NOT a typical step in cancer progression? A. Metastasis B. Loss of cell adhesion C. Increase in cell size D. Telomerase inhibition

D. Telomerase inhibition

Being able to use a Punnett square to track the pattern of inheritance in a two-trait cross (for example, pea seed color and seed shape) demonstrates Mendel's idea of A. allele segregation. B. blending inheritance. C. environmental influences on genes. D. independent assortment.

D. independent assortment

Normal cell activities; DNA replication.

Interphase

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.

Metaphase

Nuclear membrane disappears; Chromosomes pair and line up.

Prophase

Nuclear division followed by cytoplasmic division.

Telophase