BIO Exam 2: ch. 18, 19, 20

The maximum life span of an erythrocyte is about ______ days. >> 5 >> 20 >> 120 >> 360 >> 1000

|>> 120

Red blood cells makes up about [blank] of a centrifuged sample of whole blood. >> 72% >> 44% >> 28% >> 6% >> 1%

|>> 44%

Typically, an adult's body contains ______ of blood. >> 1 liter >> 2 liters >> 5 liters >> 10 liters >> 12 liters

|>> 5 liters

If someone's blood pressure were listed as 125/75 mmHg, then their pulse pressure would be: >> 125 mmHg >> 5/3 >> 50 mmHg >> 40 mmHg >> 100 mmHg

|>> 50 mmHg

The normal pH of blood is: >> 6.95-7.05 >> 7.05-7.15 >> 7.15-7.25 >> 7.25-7.35 >> 7.35-7.45

|>> 7.35-7.45

If a person has blood type A+, what proteins (antigens) are found in their red blood cell membranes? >> A only >> B only >> A and B only >> A and Rh factor only >> B and Rh factor only

|>> A and Rh factor only

A patient has type B+ blood, and needs a transfusion. Which of the following blood type(s) can she receive without risk of agglutination? >> A+ and B+ >> B+ and O- >> A- and B- >> AB+ only >> none of the above can be transfused safely

|>> B+ and O-

Which type of channel is open during the repolarization phase of the cardiac action potential? >> fast Na+ channels >> slow Na+ channels >> Ca2+ channels >> H+ channels >> K+ channels

|>> K+ channels

Which type of channel is open during the depolarization phase of the cardiac action potential? >> Na+ channels >> Mg+ channels >> Ca2+ channels >> H+ channels >> K+ channels

|>> Na+ channels

A decrease in venous return (preload) would cause: >> an increase in stroke volume >> a decrease in end diastolic volume >> an increase in cardiac output >> an increase in end diastolic volume >> none of the above

|>> a decrease in end diastolic volume

An increase in contractility would cause: >> a decrease in stroke volume >> a decrease in end diastolic volume >> a decrease in end systolic volume >> an increase in end systolic volume >> none of the above

|>> a decrease in end systolic volume

_____________ increase(s) stroke volume. {a}: Decreased afterload {b}: Decreased contractility {c}: Increased venous return (preload) {d}: Increased afterload {e}: Increased contractility ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ >> a and b >> a, b, d >> a, c, e >> c, d, e >> b and d

|>> a, c, e

Parasympathetic innervation of the heart: >> affects the sinoatrial node and atrioventricular node >> innervates every cardiac muscle cell >> has no effect on heart rate >> stimulates the release of atrial natiuretic peptide >> all of the above

|>> affects the sinoatrial node and atrioventricular node

The most abundant plasma proteins are the: >> collagens >> globulins >> albumins >> fibrinogens >> none of the above

|>> albumins

Just prior to atrial systole: >> all four chambers are at rest and the AV valves are open >> all four chambers are at rest and the AV valves are closed >>all four chambers are contracting and all valves are open >> both ventricles are contracting and blood is being ejected into the major arteries >> both atria are contracting and blood is being ejected into the major arteries

|>> all four chambers are at rest and the AV valves are open

Precapillary sphincters will: >> control blood flow into the true capillaries >> cause blood to flow directly from the metarteriole into the postcapillary venule >> open when the tissue needs nutrients >> close when the tissue's needs have been met >> all of these answers are correct

|>> all of these answers are correct

Norepinephrine is considered a positive chronotropic agent since it causes: >> heart cell membrane potentials to become more positive during action potentials >> an increase in the firing rate of SA node cells >> more forceful contractions during each heart beat >> resting membrane potential of heart cells to become more negative >> the release of thyroid hormone

|>> an increase in the firing rate of SA node cells

The creation of new blood vessels is called: >> arteriolation >> venulation >> angiogenesis >> neovenogenesis >> none of the above

|>> angiogenesis

If a person has O+ blood, which antibodies will be found in their plasma? >> none >> anti O and anti Rh only >> anti A and anti Rh only >> anti B only >> anti A and anti B only

|>> anti A and anti B only

Which valve prevents the backflow of blood into the left ventricle when the ventricles relax? >> left atrioventricular valve >> right atrioventricular valve >> aortic semilunar valve >> pulmonary semilunar valve >> there is no valve with this function

|>> aortic semilunar valve

Which of the following statements concerning blood flow is not true? >> arteries always carry oxygenated blood >> veins carry blood toward the heart >> arteries carry blood away from the heart >> blood flow is unidirectional >> all of the above are true

|>> arteries always carry oxygenated blood

The P wave of the EKG corresponds to: >> atrial depolarization only >> atrial repolarization only >> ventricular depolarization only >> ventricular depolarization and ventricular depolarization only >> none of the above

|>> atrial depolarization only

Which of the following hormones acts to reduce blood pressure? >> angiotensin II >> epinephrine >> atrial natriuretic peptide >> aldosterone >> none of the above

|>> atrial natriuretic peptide

Which type of leukocyte releases histamine? >> neutrophils >> lymphocytes >> monocytes >> basophils >> none of the above

|>> basophils

Sinusoid capillaries are found in: >> muscle >> bone marrow >> brain >> kidney >> none of the above

|>> bone marrow

Which of the following statements concerning the autonomic control of the cardiovascular system is not true? >> both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions innervate the heart >> both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions innervate blood vessels >> though the autonomic innervation by autonomic centers in the brainstem cannot initiate a heartbeat, it can increase or decrease the heart rate >> sympathetic innervation of the heart increases both the heart rate and force of contraction >> all of the above are true

|>> both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions innervate blood vessels

Cardiac output is the amount of blood that is pumped: >> by a single ventricle in one hour >> by a single ventricle in one minute >> by both ventricles in one hour >> by both ventricles in one minute >> by the left ventricle into the aorta in one beat

|>> by a single ventricle in one minute

Given these vessels: {a}: arterioles {b}: capillaries {c}: elastic arteries {d}: muscular arteries Arrange the vessels in the correct sequence that blood would pass through when traveling from the heart to body tissues. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ >> d, a, c, b >> a, c, b, d >> b, a, c, d >> c, d, a, b >> d, c, a, b

|>> c, d, a, b

What is the sequence of events in the transmission of an impulse through the heart muscle? {a}: AV node {b}: AV bundle {c}: SA node {d}: Through the atria {e}: Through the ventricles {f}: Bundle branches {g}: Purkinje fibers ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ >> c, d, a, f, b, g, e >> f, g, d, c, b, a, e >> b, a, d, c, f, g, e >> d, b, a, c, f, g, e >> c, d, a, b, f, g, e

|>> c, d, a, b, f, g, e

Which part of the circulatory system has the slowest flow of blood? >> pulmonary arteries >> pulmonary veins >> systemic arteries >> systemic veins >> capillaries

|>> capillaries

Which of the following statements concerning cardiac muscle is not true? >> the myofilaments of cardiac muscle cells are aligned in sarcomeres >> cardiac muscle has very few mitochondria >> cardiac muscle has intercalated discs >> cardiac muscle cells can spontaneously depolarize >> all of the above are true

|>> cardiac muscle has very few mitochondria

The papillary muscles attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves by means of the: >> trabeculae carneae >> pectinate muscles >> conus medullarisae >> chordae tendineae >> none of the above

|>> chordae tendineae

During platelet plug formation, platelets begin to stick to: >> fibrin >> fibrinogen >> collagen >> thromboxane >> granulin

|>> collagen

At the venous end of a capillary, ______ pressure dominates and fluid moves ______ the capillary. >> hydrostatic - out of >> hydrostatic - into >> colloid osmotic - out of >> colloid osmotic - into >> net filtration - out

|>> colloid osmotic - into

Which of these statements concerning continuous capillaries is not true? >> continuous capillaries are the most common type >> continuous capillaries are formed by a layer of endothelium cells and a basement membrane >> continuous capillaries do not have intercellular clefts >> continuous capillaries do not have fenestrations >> all of the above are true

|>> continuous capillaries do not have intercellular clefts

Which action leads to the closure of the left atrioventricular valve? >> contraction of the right atrium >> contraction of the right ventricle >> ontraction of the left ventricle >> relaxation of the left atrium >> relaxation of the left ventricle

|>> contraction of the left ventricle

If there was an abnormally low level of protein in the plasma, osmotic pressure would: >> increase >> decrease >> stay the same

|>> decrease

Which of the following would not cause an increase in blood pressure? >> increase in heart rate >> increase in peripheral resistance >> decrease in vessel radius >> decrease in vessel length >> all of the above would increase blood pressure

|>> decrease in vessel length

During the plateau phase of a cardiac muscle cell's action potential, the membrane stays: >> depolarized as potassium exits and calcium enters >> depolarized as potassium enters and calcium exits >> repolarized as sodium enters and calcium exits >> hyperpolarized as sodium and calcium exit >> hyperpolarized as potassium enters and calcium exits

|>> depolarized as potassium exits and calcium enters

An intercalated disc contains: >> desmosomes >> tight junctions >> gap junctions >> desmosomes and tight junctions >> desmosomes and gap junctions

|>> desmosomes and gap junctions

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported between the blood and interstitial fluid by way of: >> active transport using pumps >> pinocytosis using fluid-filled vesicles >> exocytosis and endocytosis using specialized endothelial cells >> diffusion using a concentration gradient >> none of the above

|>> diffusion using a concentration gradient

The aorta is an example of a(n): >> systolic artery >> muscular artery >> arteriole >> elastic artery >> none of the above

|>> elastic artery

Stroke volume equals the: >> cardiac reserve minus the end diastolic volume >> heart rate divided by 1/3 pulse pressure >> 1/3 pulse pressure plus mean arterial pressure >> end diastolic volume minus end systolic volume >> end systolic volume minus end diastolic volume

|>> end diastolic volume minus end systolic volume

The simple squamous epithelium that lines the inside of blood vessels is called: >> endothelium >> mesothelium >> vasothelium >> trabeclulae >> none of the above

|>> endothelium

The outside layer of the heart wall is called both the ______ and the ______ layer of the serous pericardium. >> hypocardium, epidermal >> mediastinum, perial >> endocardium, parietal >> epicardium, visceral >> none of the above

|>> epicardium, visceral

Which hormone controls erythrocyte production? >> thrombin >> angiotensinogen >> erythropoietin >> macrophage stimulating factor >> atrial natriuretic peptide

|>> erythropoietin

T/F: An increase in blood vessel diameter would lead to a decrease in blood flow.

|>> false

T/F: One-way valves are found in both the veins and muscular arteries.

|>> false

The three major branches off the aortic arch include all of the following except the: >> left common carotid artery >> left subclavian artery >> femoral artery >> brachiocephalic trunk

|>> femoral artery

The last step of the clotting process is the conversion of ______, a soluble protein, into [blank], an insoluble protein polymer. >> prothrombin, thrombin >> fibrinogen, fibrin >> angiotensinogen, angiotensin >> factor VII, factor VIII >> none of the above

|>> fibrinogen, fibrin

Which statement is accurate? >> filtration dominates at the arterial end of a capillary bed, and is driven by osmotic pressure >> filtration dominates at the arterial end of a capillary bed, and is driven by hydrostatic pressure >> filtration dominates at the venous end of a capillary bed, and is driven by osmotic pressure >> filtration dominates at the venous end of a capillary bed, and is driven by hydrostatic pressure

|>> filtration dominates at the arterial end of a capillary bed, and is driven by hydrostatic pressure

Cardiac output equals the: >> cardiac reserve minus the stroke volume >> stroke volume divided by heart rate >> heart rate multiplied by stroke volume >> blood pressure multiplied by heart rate >> end systolic volume minus end diastolic volume

|>> heart rate multiplied by stroke volume

Which part of hemoglobin cannot be recycled and must be broken down? >> globin >> heme >> magnesium >> iron >> all of the above can be recycled

|>> heme

Which of the statements concerning hemoglobin is true? >> hemoglobin can bind nitrogen and oxygen >> hemoglobin is made up of heme and collagen >> hemoglobin can bind up to four molecules of oxygen >> hemoglobin contains a magnesium ion >> none of the above are true

|>> hemoglobin can bind up to four molecules of oxygen

The process of producing the formed elements of blood is called? >> hemopoiesis >> erythrogenesis >> angiogenesis >> agglutination >> none of the above

|>> hemopoiesis

Blood hydrostatic pressure will be ______ when blood pressure increases. >> lower >> same >> higher

|>> higher

Systolic blood pressure is recorded: >> in arteries and is the minimum pressure that is recorded during ventricular relaxation >> in arteries and is the maximal pressure that is recorded during ventricular contraction >> in veins and is the maximal pressure recorded during atrial contraction >> in veins and is the minimum pressure recorded during atrial relaxation >> in both arteries and veins and is the maximum pressure recorded during diastole of the heart

|>> in arteries and is the maximal pressure that is recorded during ventricular contraction

In a single capillary bed, which of the following would cause precapillary sphincters to vasodilate? >> Increase in oxygen >> decrease in carbon dioxide >> increase in waste product concentration >> all of the above

|>> increase in waste product concentration

Blood flow is: >> increased as resistance is increased >> increased as the pressure gradient is increased >> increased as both the pressure gradient and the resistance is increased >> increased as the pressure gradient is decreased and the resistance decreases

|>> increased as the pressure gradient is increased

Excitation of the vasomotor center results in: >> increased parasympathetic activity and predominantly more vasodilation than vasoconstriction >> increased sympathetic activity and predominantly more vasoconstriction than vasodilation >> increased sympathetic activity and parasympathetic activity and an increase in heart rate >> increased vasoconstriction in skeletal muscles and increased vasodilation in skin >> none of the above

|>> increased sympathetic activity and predominantly more vasoconstriction than vasodilation

Which of the following is not an effect of angiotensin II? >> increased urine formation >> increased vasoconstriction >> increased thirst >> none of the above are effects of angiotensin II >> all of the above are effects of angiotensin II

|>> increased urine formation

Mean arterial pressure can be increased by: >> increasing stroke volume >> increasing heartrate >> arterial constriction >> increasing heart rate and arteriole constriction only >> increasing stroke volume, heart rate and arteriole constriction

|>> increasing stroke volume, heart rate and arteriole constriction

After blood passes through the pulmonary veins, blood enters the: >> lungs >> pulmonary arteries >> right atrium >> left atrium >> left ventricle

|>> left atrium

If the aortic semilunar valve fails, blood would backflow into the: >> pulmonary trunk >> right atrium >> left atrium >> left ventricle >> right ventricle

|>> left ventricle

The most common agranulocyte is the ______. >> neutrophil >> eosinophil >> monocyte >> lymphocyte >> basophile

|>> lymphocyte

Which blood vessel tunic is composed of circularly arranged layers of smooth muscle? >> intima >> media >> interna >> endoderma >> none of the above

|>> media

Cardioinhibitory centers in the _____________ receive input from __________. >> cortex; proprioceptors in the muscles >> thalamus; chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata >> hypothalamus; proprioceptors in the joints >> medulla oblongata; chemoreceptors in the aortic arch >> pons; baroreceptors in the internal carotid

|>> medulla oblongata; chemoreceptors in the aortic arch

Formed elements that can transform into macrophages are: >> red blood cells >> monocytes >> basophils >> neutrophils >> none of the above

|>> monocytes

The thickest layer of the heart wall is the: >> endocardium >> myocardium >> pericardium >> mediacardium >> none of the above

|>> myocardium

The most abundant type of leukocytes are: >> monocytes >> endophils >> basophils >> neutrophils >> none of the above

|>> neutrophils

Which of the following skeletal muscles closes the atrioventricular valves? >> pectinate >> mesinate >> chordae tendinae >> tendinosus >> no skeletal muscles close the AV valves

|>> no skeletal muscles close the AV valves

The QRS complex of the ECG corresponds to: >> atrial depolarization only >> atrial repolarization only >> ventricular depolarization only >> ventricular depolarization and ventricular repolarization only >> none of the above

|>> none of the above

The main function of all leukocytes is to: >> carry oxygen through the body >> carry carbon dioxide through the body >> form blood clots >> produce antigens for the immune response >> none of the above

|>> none of the above

Blood is a fluid connective tissue composed of formed elements and: >> interstitial fluid >> arteriovenal fluid >> plasma >> cytoplasm >> none of the above

|>> plasma

Which of the following statements concerning platelets is incorrect? >> platelets have large multilobed nuclei >> platelets are derived from precursor cells called megakaryocytes >> platelets are involved in the process of hemostasis >> platelets have a lifespan of about 10 days >> all of the above are true

|>> platelets have large multilobed nuclei

A system in which blood flows through two capillary beds before being sent back to the heart is a: >> portal system >> stenosal system >> angial system >> angioshunt system >> none of the above

|>> portal system

Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is not true? >> red blood cells are formed elements >> red blood cells divide about once every 60 days >> red blood cells are also called erythrocytes >> red blood cells do not contain a nucleus >> all of the above are true

|>> red blood cells divide about once every 60 days

There are several mechanisms that help blood return through veins, including the: >> kidney contractility response >> vasodilatory response >> cerebral pump >> respiratory pump >> none of the above

|>> respiratory pump

During vasoconstriction blood pressure will: >> rise >> drop >> remain the same

|>> rise

Old erythrocytes are phagocytized in the: >> spleen and liver >> lung and gall bladder >> pancreas and thymus >> red bone marrow and kidney >> all of the above

|>> spleen and liver

The reflexes that respond to low blood pressure (especially when over 10% of the body's blood has been lost) are controlled by the ______ division of the nervous system and can trigger vasoconstriction. >> somatic >> sympathetic >> craniosacral >> parasympathetic >> none of the above

|>> sympathetic

Which part of the circulatory system holds the largest amount of blood? >> pulmonary arteries >> pulmonary veins >> systemic arteries >> systemic veins >> capillaries

|>> systemic veins

Why are the left ventricle walls thicker than the right ventricular walls? >> the left ventricle has to pump more blood than the right ventricle >> the left AV valve has more cusps than the right >> the pressure gradient in the systemic circuit is greater than the pulmonary circuit >> the left ventricle contracts faster than the right ventricle >> none of the above

|>> the pressure gradient in the systemic circuit is greater than the pulmonary circuit

Which of the following statements concerning ventricles is not true? >> the right and left ventricles pump different volumes of blood >> the right and left ventricles pump blood at different pressures >> the right and left ventricles both contain papillary muscles >> the right and left ventricles do not contain pectinate muscles >> all of the above are true

|>> the right and left ventricles pump different volumes of blood

During the cardiac cycle, when blood is ejected from the ventricle: >> AV valves are open >> the pressure in the left ventricle is less than the aorta >> the semilunar valves are open >> the pressure in the atria is greater than the venricle

|>> the semilunar valves are open.

Which of the following is not a formed element? >> platelet >> leukocyte >> erythrocyte >> thrombophage >> all of the above are formed elements

|>> thrombophage

The first phase in hemostasis is: >> coagulation >> vascular spasm >> nuclear ejection >> platelet plug formation >> none of the above

|>> vascular spasm

The first phase of hemostasis involves: >> vasoconstriction >> vasodilation >> leukocyte activation >> fibrinolysis >> none of the above

|>> vasoconstriction

Blood pressure is lowest in: >> capillaries >> arteries >> arterioles >> veins >> venules

|>> veins

During ventricular systole the: >> ventricles are relaxed >> ventricles are contracting >> during early systole the ventricles have not contracted yet but during late systole they start contracting

|>> ventricles are contracting

Immediately before entering the pulmonary trunk, blood passes through the: >> right atrium >> left ventricle >> pulmonary semilunar valve >> pulmonary veins >> pulmonary arteries

>> pulmonary semilunar valve

T/F: In autorythmic SA nodal cells, the pacemaker potential is caused by the opening of "slow" voltage-gated Na+ channels causing the cells to depolarize automatically.

>> true

Questions #93-100 naming vessels

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