BIO II: Chapters 28-31

Active transport involves all of the following except: A) diffusion of solute through the lipid bilayer of a membrane. B) pumping of solutes across the membrane. C) hydrolysis of ATP. D) transport of solute against a concentration gradient. E) specific transport proteins in the membrane.

A) diffusion of solute through the lipid bilayer of a membrane

Compared to a cell with few aquaporins in its membrane, a cell containing many aquaporins will: A) have a faster rate of osmosis. B) have a lower water potential. C) have a higher water potential. D) have a faster rate of active transport. E) be flaccid.

A) have a faster rate of osmosis.

Land plants are composed of all of the following tissue types except: A) mesodermal. B) epidermal. C) meristematic. D) vascular. E) ground tissue

A) mesodermal

A student examining leaf cross sections under a microscope finds many loosely packed cells with relatively thin cell walls. The cells have numerous chloroplasts. What type of cells are they? A) parenchyma B) xylem C) endodermis D) collenchyma E) sclerenchyma

A) parenchyma

Which structure is incorrectly paired with its tissue system? A) root hair—dermal tissue B) palisade parenchyma—ground tissue C) guard cell—dermal tissue D) companion cell—ground tissue E) tracheid—vascular tissue

A) root hair- dermal tissue

Which of the following cells or tissues arise from lateral meristem activity? A) secondary xylem B) leaves C) trichomes D) tubers E) cortex

A) secondary xylem

As a youngster, you drive a nail in the trunk of a young tree that is 3 meters tall. The nail is about 1.5 meters from the ground. Fifteen years later, you return and discover that the tree has grown to a height of 30 meters. About how many meters above the ground is the nail? A) 0.5 B) 1.5 C) 3.0 D) 15.0 E) 28.5

B) 1.5

Which of the following cell types retains the ability to undergo cell division? A) a sclereid B) a parenchyma cell 2 mm from the tip of a root C) a functional sieve-tube element D) a tracheid E) a stem fiber

B) a parenchyma cell 2 mm from the tip of a root

Water is most likely to enter a mesophyll cell: A) as a gas. B) as a liquid. C) covalently bound to sugars. D) coupled to ion transport. E) via endocytosis.

B) as a liquid

Axillary buds: A) are initiated by the cork cambium. B) have dormant meristematic cells. C) are composed of a series of internodes lacking nodes. D) grow immediately into shoot branches. E) do not form a vascular connection with the primary shoot.

B) have dormant meristimatic cells

If ΨP = 0.3 MPa and ΨS = -0.45 MPa, the resulting Ψ is: A) +0.75 MPa. B) -0.75 MPa. C) -0.15 MPa. D) +0.15 MPa. E) -0.42 MPa.

C) -0.15 MPa.

________ is to xylem as ________ is to phloem. A) Sclerenchyma cell; collenchyma cell B) Apical meristem; vascular cambium C) Vessel element; sieve-tube member D) Cortex; pith E) Vascular cambium; cork cambium

C) vessel element; sieve-tube member

Which of the following is not a function of the plasma membrane proton pump? A) hydrolyzes ATP B) produces a proton gradient C) generates a membrane potential D) equalizes the charge on each side of a membrane E) stores potential energy on one side of a membrane

D) equalizes the charge on each side of the membrane

Which of the following is derived from the ground tissue system? A) root hair B) cuticle C) periderm D) pith E) phloem

D) pith

Plants contain meristems whose major function is to: A) attract pollinators. B) absorb ions. C) photosynthesize. D) produce more cells. E) produce flowers.

D) produce more cells

Which of the following would not be seen in a cross section through the woody part of a root? A) sclerenchyma cells B) parenchyma cells C) sieve-tube elements D) root hairs E) vessel elements

D) root hairs

Cells produced by lateral meristems are known as: A) dermal and ground tissue. B) lateral tissues. C) pith. D) secondary tissues. E) shoots and roots.

D) secondary tissues

Which of the following are most responsible for supporting mature, nongrowing parts of the plant? A) parenchyma cells B) collenchyma cells C) trichomes D) tracheids and vessel elements E) sieve-tube elements

D) tracheids and vessel elements

An open beaker of pure water has a water potential (Ψ) of: A) -0.23 MPa. B) +0.23 MPa. C) +0.07 MPa. D) -0.0000001 MPa. E) 0.0 (zero).

E) 0.0 (zero).

All of the following have an effect on water potential (Ψ) in plants except: A) physical pressure. B) water-attracting matrices. C) dissolved solutes. D) osmosis. E) DNA structure.

E) DNA structure

The following question is based on parts of a growing primary root. I. root cap II. zone of elongation III. zone of cell division IV. zone of cell differentiation V. apical meristem Which of the following is the correct sequence from the growing tips of the root upward? A) I, II, V, III, IV B) III, V, I, II, IV C) II, IV, I, V, III D) IV, II, III, I, V E) I, V, III, II, IV

E) I, V, III, II, IV

The ancestors of land plants were aquatic algae. Which of the following is not an evolutionary adaptation to life on land? A) C3 photosynthesis B) a waxy cuticle C) root hairs D) xylem and p

A) C3 photosynthesis

Choose the option that best describes the relationship between the cell wall thickness of parenchyma cells versus sclerenchyma cells: A) The cell walls of parenchyma cells are thinner than those of sclerenchyma cells. B) The cell walls of parenchyma cells are thicker than those of sclerenchyma cells. C) The cell walls of both types of cells are roughly equal. D) The thickness of the cell walls for both types of cells is too variable for a comparison to be made. E) The cell walls of collenchyma cells are thicker than sclerenchyma or parenchyma cells.

A) The cell walls of parenchyma cells are thinner than those of sclerenchyma cells.

The value for Ψ in root tissue was found to be -0.15 MPa. If you take the root tissue and place it in a 0.1 M solution of sucrose (Ψ = -0.23 MPa), the net water flow would: A) be from the tissue into the sucrose solution. B) be from the sucrose solution into the tissue. C) be in both directions and the concentrations would remain equal. D) occur only as ATP was hydrolyzed in the tissue. E) be impossible to determine from the values given here.

A) be from the tissue into the sucrose solution.

All of the following normally enter the plant through the roots except: A) carbon dioxide. B) nitrogen. C) potassium. D) water. E) calcium. Answer: A

A) carbon dioxide

Plasmodesmata can change in number, and when dilated can provide a passageway for: A) macromolecules such as RNA and proteins. B) ribosomes. C) chloroplasts. D) mitochondria. E) cytoskeletal components.

A) macromolecules such as RNA and proteins

Given that early land plants most likely share a common ancestor with green algae, the earliest land plants were most likely: A) nonvascular plants that grew leafless photosynthetic shoots above the shallow fresh water in which they lived. B) species that did not exhibit alternation of generations. C) vascular plants with well-defined root systems. D) plants with well-developed leaves. E) species with a well-developed, thick cuticle.

A) nonvascular plants that grew leafless photosynthetic shoots above the shallow fresh water in which they lived

A person working with plants may reduce the inhibition of apical dominance by auxin via which of the following? A) pruning shoot tips B) deep watering of the roots C) fertilizing D) treating the plants with auxins E) feeding the plants nutrients

A) pruning shoot tips

If you were able to walk into an opening cut into the center of a large redwood tree, when you exit from the middle of the trunk (stem) outward, you would cross, in order, A) the annual rings, new xylem, vascular cambium, phloem, and bark. B) the secondary xylem, cork cambium, phloem, and periderm. C) the vascular cambium, oldest xylem, and newest xylem. D) the secondary xylem, secondary phloem,

A) the annual rings, new xylem, vascular cambium, phloem, and bark

Which cells are no longer capable of carrying out the process of DNA transcription? A) tracheids B) mature mesophyll cells C) companion cells D) meristematic cells E) glandular cells

A) tracheids

Additional vascular tissue produced as secondary growth in a root originates from which cells? A) vascular cambium B) apical meristem C) endodermis D) phloem E) xylem

A) vascular cambium

Which of the following have unevenly thickened primary walls that support young, growing parts of the plant? A) parenchyma cells B) collenchyma cells C) sclerenchyma cells D) tracheids and vessel elements E) sieve-tube elements

B) collenchymal cells

Which part of a plant absorbs most of the water and minerals taken up from the soil? A) root cap B) root hairs C) the thick parts of the roots near the base of the stem D) storage roots E) sections of the root that have secondary xylem

B) root hairs

What tissue makes up most of the wood of a tree? A) primary xylem B) secondary xylem C) secondary phloem D) mesophyll cells E) vascular cambium

B) secondary xylem

Which of the following is a true statement about growth in plants? A) Primary growth is localized at meristems, whereas secondary growth is localized at buds. B) Some plants lack secondary growth. C) Secondary growth occurs only in stems. D) Reproductive structures are produced by secondary growth. E) Monocots have only primary growth, and eudicots have only secondary growth.

B) some plants lack secondary growth

The vascular bundle in the shape of a single central cylinder in a root is called the: A) cortex. B) stele. C) endodermis. D) perider

B) stele

Water flows into the source end of a sieve tube because A) sucrose has diffused into the sieve tube, making it hypotonic. B) sucrose has been actively transported into the sieve tube, making it hypertonic. C) water pressure outside the sieve tube forces in water. D) the companion cell of a sieve tube actively pumps in water. E) sucrose has been transported out of the sieve tube by active transport.

B) sucrose has been actively transported into the sieve tube, making it hypertonic.

A plant has the following characteristics: a taproot system, several growth rings evident in a cross section of the stem, and a layer of bark around the outside. Which of the following best describes the plant? A) herbaceous eudicot B) woody eudicot C) woody monocot D) herbaceous monocot E) woody annual

B) woody eudicot

Suppose George Washington completely removed the bark from around the base of a cherry tree but was stopped by his father before cutting the tree down. The leaves retained their normal appearance for several weeks, but the tree eventually died. The tissue(s) that George left functional was/were the: A) phloem. B) xylem. C) cork cambium. D) cortex. E) companion and sieve-tube members

B) xylem

One important difference between the anatomy of roots and the anatomy of leaves is that: A) only leaves have phloem and only roots have xylem. B) root cells have cell walls and leaf cells do not. C) a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent from roots. D) vascular tissue is found in roots but is absent fro

C) a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent from roots

The driving force that pushes the root tip through the soil is primarily: A) continuous cell division in the root cap at the tip of the root. B) continuous cell division just behind the root cap in the center of the apical meristem. C) elongation of cells behind the root apical meristem. D) the elongation of root hairs. E) continuous cell division of root cap cells.

C) elongation of cells behind the root apical meristem

The innermost layer of the root cortex is the: A) core. B) pericycle. C) endodermis. D) pith. E) vascular cambium.

C) endodermis

Compared to most animals, the growth of most plants is best described as: A) perennial. B) weedy. C) indeterminate. D) derivative. E) primary.

C) indeterminate

Which of the following statements about xylem is incorrect? A) It conducts material from root tips to leaves. B) The conducting cells are part of the apoplast. C) It transports mainly sugars and amino acids. D) It typically has a lower water potential than is found in soil. E) No energy input is required for transport.

C) it transports mainly sugars and amino acids

Lateral roots arise from the: A) periderm. B) vascular cambium. C) pericycle. D) root apical meristem. E) root cap.

C) pericycle

Which of the following is incorrectly paired with its structure and function? A) sclerenchyma—supporting cells with thick secondary walls B) periderm—protective coat of woody stems and roots C) pericycle—waterproof ring of cells surrounding the central stele in roots D) mesophyll—parenchyma cells functioning in photosynthesis in leaves E) ground meristem—primary meristem that produces the ground tissue system

C) pericycle- waterproof ring of cells surrounding the central stele in roots

Which of the following would be least likely to affect osmosis in plants? A) proton pumps in the membrane B) a difference in solute concentrations C) receptor proteins in the membrane D) aquaporins E) a difference in water potential

C) receptor proteins in the membrane

Which of the following is a true statement? A) Flowers may have secondary growth. B) Secondary growth is a common feature of eudicot leaves. C) Secondary growth is produced by both the vascular cambium and the cork cambium. D) Primary growth and secondary growth alternate in the life cycle of a plant. E) Plants with secondary growth are typically the smallest ones in an ecosystem.

C) secondary growth is produced by both vascular cambium and cork cambium

Heartwood and sapwood consist of: A) bark. B) periderm. C) secondary xylem. D) secondary phloem. E) cork

C) secondary xylem

Gas exchange, which is necessary for photosynthesis, can occur most easily in which leaf tissue? A) epidermis B) palisade mesophyll C) spongy mesophyll D) vascular tissue E) bundle sheath

C) spongy mesophyll

CO2 enters the inner spaces of the leaf through the: A) cuticle. B) epidermal trichomes. C) stoma. D) phloem. E) walls of guard cells.

C) stoma

Which of the following does not involve active transport across membranes? A) the movement of mineral nutrients from the apoplast to the symplast B) the movement of mineral nutrients from mesophyll cells into xylem cells C) the movement of sugar from one sieve-tube element to the next D) the movement of K+ across guard cell membranes during stomatal opening E) the movement of mineral nutrients into cells of the root cortex

C) the movement of sugar from one sieve-tube element to the next

A vessel element would likely lose its protoplast in which section of a root? A) zone of cell division B) zone of elongation C) zone of differentiation D) root cap E) apical meristem

C) zone of differentiation

Which of the following statements is false about bulk flow? A) It is driven primarily by pressure potential. B) It is more effective than diffusion over distances greater than 100 μm. C) It depends on a difference in pressure potential at the source and sink. D) It depends on the force of gravity on a column of water. E) It may be the result of either positive or negative pressure potential.

D) It depends on the force of gravity on a column of water.

Which of the following statements is false? A) A preprophase band determines where a cell plate will form in a dividing cell. B) The way in which a plant cell differentiates is determined by the cell's position in the developing plant body. C) Homeotic genes often control morphogenesis. D) Plant cells differentiate because the cytoskeleton determines which genes will be turned "on" and "off." E) Arabidopsis was the first plant to have its genome sequenced.

D) Plant cells differentiate because the cytoskeleton determines which genes will be turned "on" and "off"

Shoot elongation in a growing bud is due primarily to: A) cell division at the shoot apical meristem. B) cell elongation directly below the shoot apical meristem. C) cell division localized in each internode. D) cell elongation localized in each internode. E) cell division at the shoot apical meristem and cell elongation directly below the shoot apical meristem.

D) cell elongation localized in each internode

What effect does "pinching back" have on a houseplant? A) increases apical dominance B) inhibits the growth of lateral buds C) produces a plant that will grow taller D) stimulates lateral buds to grow E) increases the flow of auxin down the shoot

D) stimulates lateral buds to grow

Pores on the leaf surface that function in gas exchange are called: A) hairs. B) xylem cells. C) phloem cells. D) stomata. E) sclereids.

D) stomata

All of the following are plant adaptations to life on land except: A) tracheids and vessels. B) root hairs. C) cuticle. D) the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis. E) collenchyma.

D) the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis

Which of the following statements about transport in plants is false? A) Weak bonding between water molecules and the walls of xylem vessels or tracheids helps support the columns of water in the xylem. B) Hydrogen bonding between water molecules, which results in the high cohesion of the water, is essential for the rise of water in tall trees. C) Although some angiosperm plants develop considerable root pressure, this is not sufficient to raise water to the tops of tall trees. D) Most plant physiologists now agree that the pull from the top of the plant resulting from transpiration is sufficient, when combined with the cohesion of water, to explain the rise of water in the xylem in even the tallest trees. E) Gymnosperms can sometimes develop especially high root pressure, which may account for the rise of water in tall pine trees without transpiration pull.

E) Gymnosperms can sometimes develop especially high root pressure, which may account for the rise of water in tall pine trees without transpiration pull.

Which of the following arise, directly or indirectly, from meristematic activity? A) secondary xylem B) leaves C) dermal tissue D) tubers E) all of the above

E) all of the above

Plants do not have a circulatory system like that of some animals. If a water molecule did "circulate" (that is, go from one point in a plant to another and back in the same day), it would require the activity of: A) only the xylem. B) only the phloem. C) only the endodermis. D) both the xylem and the endodermis. E) both the xylem and the phloem

E) both the xylem and the phloem

Vascular plant tissue includes all of the following cell types except: A) vessel elements. B) sieve cells. C) tracheids. D) companion cells. E) cambium cells.

E) cambium cells

Which of the following root tissues gives rise to lateral roots? A) endodermis B) phloem C) cortex D) epidermis E) pericycle

E) pericycle

Which of the following cells transport sugars over long distances? A) parenchyma cells B) collenchyma cells C) sclerenchyma cells D) tracheids and vessel elements E) sieve-tube elements

E) sieve-tube elements

The movement of water across biological membranes can best be predicted by: A) negative charges in the cell wall. B) prevailing weather conditions. C) aquaporins. D) level of active transport. E) water potentials.

E) water potentials

Active transport of various materials in plants at the cellular level requires all of the following except: A) a proton gradient. B) ATP. C) a membrane potential. D) transport proteins E) xylem membranes.

E) xylem membranes

Which structure or compartment is not part of the plant's apoplast? A) the lumen of a xylem vessel B) the lumen of a sieve tube C) the cell wall of a mesophyll cell D) the cell wall of a transfer cell E) the cell wall of a root hair

b) the lumen of a sieve tube