biology DNA test
nitrogen bases found in dna
Thymine adenine cytosine guanine
Why is DNA replication semi-conservative?
because the two parental strands of dna make 2 new daughter strands
dna helicase
breaks hydrogen bonds and unzips the original parent dna molecule
during dna replication the enzyme that adds complementary nucleotides to the new strand is called
dna polymerase
adenine and thymine
has 2 hydrogen bonds
is dna the same among eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells
it is not , eukaryotic cells - tighter bounded prokaryotic - looser more freely moving
dna polymarase
reads the dna and determines which new nucleotides to add to the parental strand
before dna can replication what first must happen to the dna molecule
the helicase dna splits and makes new dna
according to the base pairing rules adenine always bonds with
thymine
rna does not contain the nitrogen base ________ instead rna contains ______________ which is complementary to _______________
thymine' URACIL adenine in dna
the sugar phosphate backbone of dna is
antiparallel
DNA
double stranded larger has A,T, C,G contains deoxyribose
Both RNA and DNA
have AGC contains a sugar
dna nitrogeneous bases bond together with ___________ bonds
hydrogen
translation
mrna that was manufactured during transcription is translated into an amino acid sequence
RNA stands for
ribonucleic acid
mrna
messenger RNA
the sugar found in RNA is called 5 carbon sugar ribose it has one _____ oxygen atom compared to deoxyribose
more
dna is made up of repeating individual units called
nucleic acids
dna is always found within the ___________ of the cell
nucleus
What are purines and pyrimidines? how are they related and how are they different?
purines- adenine and guanine pyrimidines- cytosine and thymine differences- they bond with the oppositses similarities - they both bond with something else
purines always bond with
pyrimidines
DNA replication is _________-_________________ because each new dna molecule consists of one parental strand and one one new strand
semi conservative
RNA
single stranded smaller has AGCU contains 5 carbon sugar ribose
transcription
the enzyme rna polymerase temporarily unzips DNA and adds complementary rna nucleotides to the growing mrna strand
what is the function of dna
to store heredity information and make proteins
trna
transfer RNA
the outer portion of the dna molecule is called the sugar phosphate ___________
backbone
A ________ is a section of dna or rna that consists of 3 nucleotides that form a code
codon
adenine
A double-ring nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA. purine bonds with thymine
chargaffs rule states that dna from any cell should have a ____ ratio of ______________ and ______________ bases (as per base pairing rule )
1:1 pyrimidine purine
if a dna molecule contains 30% adenine how much cytosine does it contain
20% cytosine because 30% A + 30% T =60% 40% = 20% C + 20% G =100%
cytosine and guanine
3 hydrogen bonds
if a dna molecule consists of 20% adenine how much guanine will be present
30%
guanine
A double-ring nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA. purine bonds with cytosine
What is RNA polymerase?
RNA polymerase is an enzyme that binds to DNA during transcription and separates or unwinds the DNA strands.
rrna
Ribosomal RNA
cytosine
A single-ring nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA. pyrimidine bonds with guanine
thymine
A single-ring nitrogenous base found in DNA. pyrimidine bonds with adenine
dna stands for ___________________________ and can be found in the _________________ dna is a large molecule made of smaller units called _________
Deoxyribonucleic acid nucleus nucleotides
which scientists helped to determine the structure of dna :
Rosalind franklin james Watson francis crick Erwin chargaff
proteins are made up of smaller units called ________ ____________
amino acids