Biology Exam 1 Study Guide
"Blind" experiments are designed to reduce the possibility that the outcome of an experiment might be affected by the power of suggestion.
true
Biosphere
whole planet
Features that define living
Process energy, Sense and respond to environment, Maintain homeostasis, Use DNA as hereditary material, Reproduce through information in DNA, composed of cells, Display evolutionary changes over time, and internal organization.
Cell
Smallest living unit
The number of neutrons found in the most common form of an element can be determined by _____________ .
Subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass
Atom
the smallest unit of an element that demonstrates all of the properties of that element.
Organs
Group of tissues that....
Chlorine has an atomic number of 17 and an atomic mass of 35. Therefore, chlorine has ________ electrons and ________ neutrons.
17, 18
population
A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a
protons and neutrons
A mad scientist has ripped apart an atom and collected all the subatomic particles located in the nucleus of the atom. Which one of the following has he collected?
Water is the solvent, and glucose is the solute.
A solution has been prepared by mixing glucose in water. Which one of the following statements CORRECTLY describes this solution?
The first grou of elements on the periodic table are called_______ and they all have ______ electrons in their outermost shell.
Alkali metals, 1
electrons are added to the valence shell
As we move from left to right across a row on the periodic table, what is occurring in the atoms of the elements?
________ bonds hold the hydrogens to the oxygen within a water molecule, and ________ bonds attract one water molecule to other water molecules.
Covalent, hydrogen
Which of the following is true of chemical bonds?
Electrons can be shared or completely transferred.
After years of experimentation and testing, it is possible to prove that a hypothesis is true, at which point it becomes absolute truth.
False
Tissues
Group of cells that preform a specific function
A friend of yours calls to say that his car would not start this morning. He asks for your help. You say that you think the battery must be dead. If so, then jump-starting the car from a good battery will solve the problem. In doing so, you are _____.
Hypothesis
What is the difference between an ionic and covalent bond?
In an ionic bond, one atom accepts electrons from the other; in a covalent bond, a pair of atoms share electrons.
The best experimental design _____.
Includes a large number of replicates, a control, and alters only one condition between the controls and the experimental condition
How does scientific information in peer-reviewed journals differ from that in newspapers?
Information is more technical; readers usually require a background in the field in order to understand the article.
Community
Interactions between living organisms of different species
You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the water, which of the following properties of water could help explain what you observe?
It has a strong surface tension.
When table salt dissolves in water which of the following occurs?
NaCl's ionic bonds are broken by water, and Na+ and Cl- dissolve in the water.
an electron shell.
The outer ring
homeostasis
The process by which living organisms maintain a fairly constant internal environment despite changes in the external environment is known as
atomic mass
The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom can best be determined by
a nonpolar covalent bond.
The type(s) of bond produced when atoms share electrons equally is/are
Deserts get hot during the day, and cold at night, which of the following could explain this phenomena?
There is little water in the desert.
Scientific knowledge cannot prove or disprove the existence, or importance to us, of issues that fall outside of the natural world.
True
Population
a group of organisms of the same species interacting with each other
All living things are made up of?
at least one cell
Isotopes of an element have the same ________, but different ________.
atomic number, atomic masses
Nonpolar molecules develop when:
both atoms sharing electrons have similar electronegativity.
Ions in body fluids of a human are referred to as
electrolytes
Which parts of the atoms interact in a chemical reaction?
electrons
Atoms form bonds to:
fill their outer shells with electrons.
Organ systems
group of organs that...
A controlled experiment _____.
includes at least two groups, one of which does not receive the experimental treatment
Ecosystem
interaction between living and non living components of a region
Water is an important solvent of life because
it forms hydrogen bonds.
An atom becomes an ion when:
it gains or loses electrons.
Water takes a large amount of energy to raise or lower its temperature compared to other molecules this is because
it has a high specific heat.
The naturally occurring helium atom is chemically inert because:
its outermost shell is filled with electrons.
In a bottle of water, hydrogen bonding occurs between the hydrogen of one atom and a/an:
oxygen atom in a different molecule.
Water is a polar molecule because:
oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen.
Molecules such as water are referred to as ________ because they are electrically neutral overall but still have partially charged regions.
polar molecules
Hydrogen bonds are very important in the functional shape of:
proteins and nucleic acids.
Hydrophobic molecules tend to be ________ by water.
repelled
The ionic bond of sodium chloride is formed as a result of:
sodium giving up an electron to chlorine.
You mix sugar in water and stir until it's completely dissolved. In this system, the water is the ________, the sugar is the ________, and the end result is a ________.
solvent; solute; solution
organells
sub cellular compartments composed of biological molecules
The application of scientific knowledge for some specific purpose is known as _____.
technology