Ch 13,14,15,16
Abducens
Damage to what nerve could result in defects of eye movement
Brain and spinal cord
CNS consist ONLY of the
Preganglionic neuron
First neuron in ANS pathway
Categorical
Linear, analytical, and verbal thinking occurs in what hemisphere of the cerebrum, which is on the left in most people
Neural crest
What appears early in the prenatal development of the nervous system
Posterior root ganglion
What contains the somas of neurons that carry sensory signals to the spinal cord
Multiple sclerosis
What immune disorder results in deterioration of the myelin sheath in the CNS
Contractility
What is NOT a feature of neurons
Cerebral aqueduct
What is caudal to the hypothalamus
Pons
What is most closely associated with the cerebellum in embryonic development and remains its primary source of input fibers throughout life
Neurilemma and endoneurium
What is necessary for regeneration of damaged nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system
Median
What is the name of the nerve that is entrapped within the carpal tunnel
Phrenic
What is the name of the nerve that runs through the neck and the thorax to innervate the diaphragm
Sacral
What is the name of the plexus that contains the superior and inferior gluteal nerves
Both sensory and motor
What is the type of fiber called that the spinal nerve carries
Ependymal cells
What lines the ventricles in the brain
Phrenic
What nerves arise from the cervical plexus and innervate the diaphragm
Central pattern generators
What neural circuits in the spinal cord produce the rhythmic muscular contractions of walking
Axosomatic
What synapse is formed when a presynaptic neuron synapses with the cell body of a postsynaptic neuron
Association cortex
Areas of cerebral cortex that identity or interpret sensory information are called
Parallel after-discharge
A friend takes a flash photograph of you, and you continue to see an image of the flash unit for several seconds afterward. This phenomenon is the result of a __ circuit
Undergo decussation
A pathway that crossed over from one side of the cord to the other is said to
Broca area
A stroke pt can understand when you tell her to do something but she is not able to produce grammatical, comprehensible speech. What specific area of the brain is damaged?
Ganglion
A swelling of a nerve containing a group of cell bodies outside of the CNS is called a
Accessory
All of the following EXCEPT what nerve begin or end in the orbit
Peripheral nervous system
All of the nervous system except the brain and spinal cord is called the
Thalamus
All sensory fibers synapse in what before going to the somesthetic cortex
Monosynaptic
All somatic reflexes share all of the following properties EXCEPT
Thalamus
Almost all sensory signals pass through the __ on the way to the cerebrum
Craniosacral
Another name for parasympathetic division
Nerve fiber
Another name for the axon of a neuron is
Postsynaptic
At a given synapse, what neuron has neurotransmitter receptors
Hypothalamus
Because of a brain lesion, a pt never feels full, she now weighs 600, the lesion is most likely in her
Cauda equina
Below L2 the vertebral canal is occupied by a bundle of spinal nerve roots called
Adipose tissue
Between the dura matter and vertebral bone, one is most likely to find
Choroid plexus
Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted partly by a mass of blood capillaries called the __ in each ventricle
Arachnoid villi
Cerebrospinal fluid returns to the bloodstream by way of the
Rami
Distal to the intravertebral foramen, a spinal nerve branches into a posterior and interior
Adrenal medulla
Epinephrine is secreted by the
Anencephaly
Failure of the rostral end of the neural tube to close is called
Temporal lobe
Hearing is associated mainly with the
31
How many pairs of spinal nerves come from the spinal cord
Speech
Hypothalamus does NOT control
Arbor vitae
In a sagittal section, the cerebellar white matter exhibits a branching pattern called the
Ganglia
In the PNS the somas of the neurons are concentrated in enlarged, knotlike structures that are connected to nerves
H
In the cross-section of the spinal cord the gray matter looks like a
Sensory
In the spinal cord nerve, pathways that ascend carry what fibers
Anterior horns
In the spinal cord the somas of the lower motor neurons are found in the
Vagus nerve
Most parasympathetic fibers reach their target organs by way of the
Vagus nerve
Most parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are found in the
Neuroglial cells
Most tumors originate from
Reverberatiny
Motor effects that depend on repetitive output from a neural pool are most likely to use the __ type of neural circuit
Sacral
Motor innervation of the leg proper comes predominantly from what plexus
Acetylcholine
Muscarinic receptors bind
Adrenegic fibers
Nerve fibers that secrete norepinephrine are called
Visceral motor division
Nerves that directly control the motility of the stomach or rate of the heartbeat would belong to the
Ectoderm
Neurons arise from embryonic
Dendrites
Neurons receive incoming signals by way of specialized processes called
Sensory or afferent neurons
Neurons that convey information to the CNS are called
Synaptic knob
Neurotransmitters are found in thr
Acetylcholine
Nicotinic receptors bind to
Baroreceptor
Orthostatic hypotension is the result of inefficiency of an autoimmune reflex called the
Ganglia
Outside the CNS the somas of neurons are clustered in swellings called
Substantia nigra
Parkinson's disease involved what area of the brain
Hippocampus
Part of the limbic system involved in forming new memories is the
Frontal lobe
Phineas Gage was a railroad worker who suffered an unfortunate accident where a metal rod went through his skull. After the accident he experienced a drastic change in personality. What part of he's brain was effected
Anencephaly
Prenatal degeneration of the forebrain results in a birth defect called
Vagus nerve (X)
Slowing down of the heart rate would be done by fibers within which nerve
Dual innervation
State in which a target organ receives both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers
Autonomic tone
State of continual background activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
Vasomotor tone
Sympathetic stimulation of blood vessels maintains a state of partial vasoconstriction called
Sympathetic nervous system
The adrenal medulla consist of modified postganglionic neurons of the
Lumbar enlargement
The spinal cord widens at two points, the cervical enlargement and the
Autonomic nervous system
System that controls glands, cardiac and smooth muscle and also known as visceral motor system
Oligodendrocytes
The CNS what cells perform the same function as Schwann cells in the PNS
Skeletal muscle
The autonomic nervous system innervates all of these EXCEPT
Ependymal cells
The blood-CSF barrier is formed by
Obturator nerve
The brachial plexus gives rise to all of the following nerves except
Ventricles Cerebrospinal
The brain has four chambers called __ filled with __ fluid
Spinocerebellar
The cerebellum received feedback from the muscles and joints by way of the __ tracts of the spinal cord
Temporal lobe
The cerebral cortex concerned with hearing is in the
Oculomotor III Trochlear IV Abducens VI
The cranial nerves responsible for eye movement
Decussation
The crossing of a nerve fiber or tract from the right side of the CNS to the left, or vice versa is called
Enteric nervous system
The digestive tract has a semi-independent nervous system called the
Sensory
The dorsal or posterior root of a spinal nerve carries what type of fiber
Neural crest
The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all autonomic ganglia and postganglionic neurons but not to any preganglionic neurons is the
Motility of the digestive system
The enteric nervous system mostly regulates the
Meninges
The spinal cord is enclosed in three connective tissue membranes called
Vertebral canal
The spinal cord passes through the
Microglia
The glial cells that destroy microorganisms in the CNS are
Astrocytes
The glial cells that guide migrating neurons in the developing fetal brain are
Sympathetic postganglionic fibers
The gray communicating ramus contains
Interneurons
The integrative functions of the nervous system are preformed mainly by
None of them
The intercostal nerves between the ribs arise from which spinal nerve plexus
Hypothalamus
The most important autonomic control center in the CNS is the
Broca area
The motor pattern for speech is generated in an area of cortex called the
Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons
The neural crest gives rise to all of the following EXCEPT
Proprioception
The nonvisual awareness of the body's position and movements is called
Epineurium
The outermost connective tissue wrapping of a nerve is called the
Axon
The part of the neuron that carried impulses away from the cell body is called the
Spinothalamic tract
The patient has a gunshot wound that caused a bone fragment to nick the spinal cord the patient now feels no pain or temperature sensation from that level of the body down, most likely the what was damaged
Precentral
The primary motor area of the cerebrum is the __ gyrus of the frontal lobe
Descending corticospinal fibers
The pyramids of the medulla oblongta contain
Corpus callosum
The right and left cerebral hemispheres are connected to each other by a thick c-shaped bundle of fibers called the
Tibial and common fibular
The sciatic nerve is a composite of what two nerves
Centrioles
The soma of a mature neuron lacks
Preganglionic and postganglionic
The sympathetic nervous system has what kind of fibers
Precentral gyrus of the cerebrum
The upper motor neurons that control the skeletal muscles are found in the
Arbor vitae
The white matter of the cerebellum constitutes its
Oligodendrocytes
Which cells form the myelin sheath in the CNS
Spina bifida
Which condition occurs when the vertebrae fail to develop a complete neural arch and part of the spinal cord is exposed
Thoracic
Which does NOT form a plexus of spinal nerves
Intramural
Which ganglia is NOT involved in the sympathetic division
Protection
Which is NOT a function of the spinal cord
Pelvic
Which is NOT a region of the spinal cord
Hypoglossal
Which nerve does NOT carry parasympathetic fibers
Vagus nerve
Which of the following is NOT involved in vision
Digestive secretion
Which of these does NOT result from sympathetic stimulation
Vestibulospinal tract
Which tract carries motor signals destined for the postural muscles
Reticular activating system
While studying in a noisy cafeteria you doze off, while you were dozing the auditory input was blocked from reaching your auditory cortex by the
Frontal
Your personality is determined mainly by which lobe of the cerebrum
