Ch. 17-18

According to The Social Contract, the "general will" was

A social consensus to which the individual must bow

The enlightened legal reforms expressed by Catherine the Great in her Instruction

Accomplished little due to heavy opposition and were soon forgotten

A key financial advantage the British government enjoyed over French rulers in the 18th century was

Britain's capacity to borrow large sums of money at low rates of Interest

By the end of the eighteenth century

Corporal and capital punishment were on the decline

Those rulers associated with the enlightened absolutism in the eighteenth century

Could never completely overcome the political and social realities of the time

High culture in eighteenth-century Europe was characterized by the

Enormous impact of the publishing industry

Deism is the belief that

God created the universe but does not actively run it

All of the following are correct about trade and commerce in the 18th century except

International trade had become greater than trade with in Europe

European warfare in the eighteenth century was characterized by

Limited objectives and elaborate maneuvers

France in the 18th century

Lost an empire while acquiring a huge public debt

The growth of reading and publishing in the eighteenth century was aided and characterized by the development of

Magazines for the General Public

There are European peasantry in the 18th century

Often owed extensive compulsory services to aristocratic landowners

The recognized capital of the Enlightenment was

Paris

The Austrian emperor Joseph II

Provoked general discontent do to his enlightened but radical reforms

The punishment of crime in the eighteenth century was often

Public and very gruesome

The dismemberment of Poland in the late 18th century

Showed the necessity of a strong, centralized monarchy to defend a state in the period

In eighteenth-century Europe, churches, both Catholic and Protestant

Still played a major role in social and spiritual areas

European Society in the 18th century witnessed

The continued dominance of the nuclear family

Politically, the period from 1715 to 1789 witnessed

The continuing process of centralization in the development of nation-states

European intellectual life in the eighteenth century was marked by

The emergence of secularization and a search to find the natural laws governing human life

The belief in natural laws underlying all areas of human life led to

The emergence of the "science of man"

During the second half of the eighteenth century

The rate of population growth was nearly double that of the first half of the century

A continuing trend in eighteenth-century of Prussia was

The social and military dominance of the Junker nobility

The French philosophes

Were literate intellectuals who meant to change the world through reason and rationality

Enlightened thinkers can be understood as secularists because they strongly recommended

the application of the scientific method to the analysis & understanding of all aspects of human life