Ch 27 and 28 Bio 2

All plants produce spores by mitosis.

false

Angiosperms produce seeds that are totally exposed or borne on the scales of cones.

false

Bryophytes have an extensive vascular system.

false

Club mosses were important plants millions of years ago, but are now extinct.

false

Cycad reproduction is similar to that in pines and both cycads and pines are monoecious.

false

During the life cycle of a pine tree, pollen fertilizes the egg during the haploid gametophyte generation.

false

Embryo sacs in the vast majority of angiosperms contain just one egg cell with two haploid nuclei.

false

Flowering plants have efficient sugar-conducting cells called vessel elements in their phloem.

false

Within the alternation of generations, the diploid zygote is the first stage in the gametophyte generation.

false

The sori of most ferns are found on which part of the plant?

fronds

Efficient sugar-conducting cells make up the ________ of a flowering plant's phloem.

sieve tube elements

One major advantage of gymnosperms over the seedless vascular plants is the production of wind-borne pollen grains.

true

The prothallus of a fern usually produces both archegonia and antheridia on its underside.

true

The two vascular tissues of seedless vascular plants are the xylem and phloem.

true

What structural component do ferns possess that whiskferns do not?

true roots

An important structural difference between all plants and algae is the presence of (a) ________.

waxy cuticle

Which statement about whisk ferns is FALSE?

They lack true stems

Spores are produced in which part of a moss sporophyte?

capsule

Recent studies of gene function as it relates to reproductive development suggest that angiosperms evolved most directly from:

conifers

Which of the gymnosperms are monoecious?

conifers

Which gymnosperm is now an endangered group of plants, but was dominant during the Triassic period?

cycad

Cycads may be characterized as being:

dioecious and having motile sperm.

Alternation of generations in plants refers to the alternation of:

diploid and haploid stages.

In flowering plants, the ____ generation is dominant.

diploid sporophyte

The leafy fern that you might have as a house plant is the ____ generation.

diploid sporophyte

What unique reproductive process of a flowering plant accounts for its evolutionary success?

double fertilization

In the life cycle of a moss, after sexual reproduction, the gametophyte grows out of the sporophyte.

false

Only angiosperms have the two vascular tissues: xylem and phloem.

false

The body form of a hornwort consists of flattened, lobed structures that are not differentiated into leaves, stems, or roots.

false

In which part of an angiosperm are seeds produced?

fruit

The ____ generation is dominant in mosses, as it can live independently.

haploid gametophyte

What production method within seedless plants was important to the evolution of seeds?

heterospory

Most conifers have separate male and female reproductive parts on the same tree. This condition is referred to as:

monoecious.

What type of leaf venation do eudicots possess?

netted

Which flowering plant would demonstrate secondary growth?

oak

Which part of a flowering plant eventually becomes the seed?

ovule

The female gametophyte generation in angiosperms is found in the:

ovule of the ovary.

What is the structure labeled as 9 in the accompanying figure?

pistil

What must grow from a pollen grain once attached to a female cone?

pollen tube

The oldest known megafossils of early vascular plants may be characterized as:

possessing dichotomously branched stems without leaves or roots.

What is the dominate form of a fern during the haploid gametophyte generation?

prothallus

During the moss life cycle, when a haploid spore germinates, it forms a(n) ________.

protonema

How are vascular bundles arranged within a monocot?

scattered

The fossil record indicates that progymnosperms probably gave rise to conifers and ________, which then gave rise to cycads and gingko.

seed ferns

Which of the following is heterosporous?

spike moss

What is the male component of the flower that produces gametes?

stamen

What characteristic of land plants distinguishes them from green algae?

they develop from embryos enclosed in maternal tissue

Ferns, while mostly terrestrial plants, need a thin layer of water for sperm cells to swim from a nearby prothallus to the neck of an archegonium.

true

Most conifers have separate male and female reproductive parts in different locations on the same plant.

true

Which is the gametophyte form of most liverworts?

a thallus

Which of the following is a vascular plant?

fern

Some liverworts reproduce asexually by forming tiny balls of tissue called:

gemmae

What do the large female cones of a pine tree contain?

megasporangia

After sexual reproduction in a moss, the ____ grows out of the gametophyte.

sporophyte

What conducts water within a seed plant?

xylem

A bryophyte having a single large chloroplast in each cell belongs to which phylum?

Anthocerophyta

The first plants to produce seeds evolved during which time period?

Devonian period

Eudicots are mostly herbaceous plants with long, narrow leaves that have parallel veins.

False

Which is a basic difference between gymnosperms and flowering plants?

Gymnosperms produce seeds borne naked, while flowering plants produce seeds enclosed within a fruit.

What is the purpose of the waxy cuticle in plants?

It prevents desiccation.

Flowering plants appeared in the fossil record in the:

Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous periods.

____ are small leaves with a single vascular strand.

Microphylls

How do mosses help prevent soil erosion?

Mosses are packed in dense colonies, holding soil together.

Why are seeds reproductively superior to spores?

Seeds contain a young plant and also are protected by a seed

The first plants evolved rapidly during which time period?

Silurian

Angiosperms have ____ in their phloem.

sieve tube elements

Which of the following is an economically important basal angiosperm?

star anise

Once a pollen grain lands on a pistil of a flower, where does the pollen tube grow?

stigma

What are the pores on a leaf that allows for gas exchange between a plant and the atmosphere?

stomata

What is the name of the green algal group from which plants are to have descended?

stoneworts

During double fertilization, one sperm cell unites with the egg, while another sperm cell unites with the two polar nuclei, forming a triploid cell that gives rise to endosperm.

true

Flowering plants are the most successful types of plants on Earth, having adapted to almost every habitat.

true

Molecular comparisons of chloroplast DNA, certain nuclear genes, and ribosomal RNA provide compelling evidence that green algae are closely allied to plants.

true

Mosses play an important role in forming soil.

true

One important difference between plants and algae is that a waxy cuticle covers the aerial portion of a plant.

true

Each sporophyll of a pollen cone bears how many microsporangia on its underside?

two

The fertilization process of flowering plants involves ____ nuclear fusion(s).

two

Bryophytes are difference from other plants because they do not possess ________.

vascular tissue

Gymnosperms produce seeds borne naked, while flowering plants produce seeds enclosed within a fruit.

vascular tissue

Conifers, different from bryophytes, do not need ________ as a transport medium for reproduction to occur.

water

The most important adaptation found in seedless vascular plants, although absent in algae and bryophytes, is specialized vascular tissues called ________.

xylem and phloem

In the accompanying figure, which label designates the structures largely responsible for attracting potential pollinators?

8

Which label designates a female reproductive structure in the accompanying figure?

8

Which statement about gymnosperms and angiosperms is FALSE?

Both groups have free-living gametophytes.

Which phylum has very few surviving species, and are tropical and subtropical plants with stout, trunk-like stems, and compound leaves that resemble those of palms or tree ferns?

Cycadophyta

Extracts from the ginkgo tree are sold in over the counter (OTC) medicines purported to increase memory. Extracts from what other gymnosperm were once sold in OTC weight loss supplements?

Ephedra

One disadvantage for angiosperms is cross-fertilization by the transfer of pollen from other plants, which causes genetic variation among the offspring.

False

Refer to the accompanying figure. Which statement about label 1 is FALSE?

It is part of the sporophyte generatio

Which is a differentiating characteristic of land plants from green algae?

Land plants have a waxy cuticle

An evolutionary advantage of flowering plants is the shedding of their leaves during cold or dry periods to reduce water loss.

True

Progymnosperms descended from ancestral seedless vascular plants and had two derived features: leaves with branching veins and woody tissue.

True

The life cycle in the accompanying figure could represent which organism? antheridium-sperm-sporophyte-megasporangium-megasporocyte

a club moss

If you identify a plant as Magnolia grandiflora, you therefore conclude that this plant is:

a core angiosperm.

The most diverse, successful, and familiar group of plants today are the:

angiosperms

Which group of plants are the most recent to evolve?

angiosperms

In a flowering plant, the ____ is the site of meiosis and, ultimately, the production of pollen.

anther

What is the male sexual structure that produces sperm in plants?

antheridium

In the process of fertilization in conifers, the pollen tube grows to which structure?

archegonium

The earliest pollinators of flowers were probably ____ that visited flowers to chew on the petals and leaves.

beetles

Which of the seedless vascular plants contributed to our present-day coal deposits?

club mosses

Microphylls is a structure that can only be found in:

club mosses.

In plants, the fertilized egg develops into a multicellular ____ (young plant) within a female gametangium.

embryo

In most developing eudicot seeds, the primary source of nutritive material is in the:

endosperm.

All groups of living plants have microphylls.

false

Homospory is a significant development in plant evolution because it was the forerunner of the evolution of seeds.

false

The parts of monocot flowers usually occur in fours and fives.

false

There are very few species of horsetails and they are only found on Australia.

false

What are the multicellular sex organs in plants?

gametangia

What is the structure labeled as A in the accompanying figure?

gametangium of an alga

What is the dominant stage of a bryophyte's life cycle?

gametophyte

Many seedless plants produce spores of one morphological type, which is referred to as:

homospory

Which two plants of the Carboniferous period contributed to the formation of today's coal deposits?

horsetails and club mosses

The oldest known fossils suggest that the ____ may have been the first plants to inhabit land.

liverworts

Which bryophyte has a thallus body form that does not differentiate into leaves, stems or roots?

liverworts

Progymnosperms had two derived features, which are:

megaphylls and woody tissue

In the accompanying figure, what process is occurring at point Process B?

meiosis

Microsporocytes divide by ____ to form ____.

meiosis; microspores

A plant with parallel veins and floral parts in threes or multiples of three would be classified as a:

monocot

What do ferns lack?

seeds