Ch. 8
Interpersonal Communication is an _______ process in which one person sends a message to another
Interactional
______ sensitivity is the ability to accurately encode (express) and decode (understand) nonverbal cues
Nonverbal
General principles of nonverbal communication 3. it is ______ - body language can be difficult to interpret
ambiguous
Barriers to effective communication 2. _____ - listening carefully only to then verbally attack the speaker
ambushing
______ may be another distinct facial expression
anxiety
Monitors ______ arousal such as HR, BP, Respr. rate, perspiration, and galvanic skin conductance
autonomic
Communication Apprehension is usually followed by 1 of 4 responses: 1. ______ - choosing not to participate
avoidance
Women tend to be _______ encoders and decoders
better
Interpersonal communication is not one way but _____-_______ and interactional
bi-directional
Elements of Nonverbal Communication, continued 4. ______ language
body
Communication and Adjustment 3. Poor communication is a major cause of relationship ______ _____
break ups
Self-disclosure is important to adjustment for several reasons: 2. Self-disclosure helps _____ relationships
build
Components of the communication process 4. the ______ - refers to the sensory channel through which the message reaches the receiver
channel
3. Engage in "active listening" by: - Asking for _____ if information is ambiguous
clarification
A ______ posture conveys deffensiveness or tension
closed
Self-disclosure is important to adjustment for several reasons: 3. Emotional self-disclosures lead to feelings of _____
closeness
Communication Apprehension is usually followed by 1 of 4 responses: 4. Over ______ - e.g., nervous speech
communication
Most people believe any kind of ______ is bad
conflict
It is better to confront conflicts ______ so that issues can be aired and resolved
constructively
Components of the communication process 6. the ______ - environment in which communication takes place
context
General principles of nonverbal communication 4. it may _____ verbal messages, we may say one thing and, but our body conveys something different
contradict
Conversation skills: five steps for making successful "small talk" 4. Keep the _____ ball rolling
conversation
However, avoiding conflict is usually ______ and leads to a self-perpetuating cycle
counterproductive
General principles of nonverbal communication 5. it is _____-_____ nonverbal signals vary from one culture to another
culture bound
Barriers to effective communication 1. ______ - excessive concern with protecting oneself from being hurt
defensiveness
Nonverbal cues that actually indicate deception are often ______ from those most people _____ indicate deception
different believe
Combinations of self-disclosure and empathic responding fosters intimate relationships _____ in males and females
differently
However, there are culture-specific norms called ______ rules, that govern the expression of emotion
display
Communication Apprehension is usually followed by 1 of 4 responses: 3. _____ - the inability to make fluent statements
disruption
_____ of eye contact is the most meaningful aspect of this channel of nonverbal communication
duration
Communication and Adjustment 1. _____ communication is essential for many important aspects of life
effective
General principles of nonverbal communication 1. it conveys ______ - facial expressions and body posture can convey how we feel wihtout words
emotions
Facial expressions convey basic ______, recognized by people ______ the world
emotions around
Conversation skills: five steps for making successful "small talk" 5. Make a smooth _____
exit
Elements of Nonverbal Communication, continued 3. ______ contact
eye
1. Signal your interest in the speaker by using nonverbal cues. - _____ the speaker squarely - Lean ______ him or her - Try not to _____ arms and legs - Maintain _____ contact
face toward cross eye
Elements of Nonverbal Communication, continued 2. _____ expressions
facial
Examples of Deception: 2. Liars are not necessarily ______ storytellers and include _____ unusual content in stories
good less
Finally _____ gestures emphasize the words we speak
hand
At the beginning, there are _____ levels of mutual self-disclosure, which _____ off as the relationship becomes established
high taper
Dealing constructively with conflict 1. Make communication _____ and _____
honest open
Thus, anyone can _____ their nonverbal skills
improve
Eye contact also conveys _____ of feelings
intensity
Electronically mediated communication is _______ communication that takes place via ______
interpersonal technology
Conversation skills: five steps for making successful "small talk" 2. ______ yourself
introduce
______ - the study of communication through body movements
kinesics
Examples of Deception: 1. Liars often say _____ not ____
less more
Conversely, one risks ______ of privacy if they are not careful
loss
In a (+) context long gazes signal _____ feelings
loving
Nonverbal communication is the transmission of meaning from one person to another through _____ or ______ other than words
means symbols
Components of the communication process 3. the _______ - the information or meaning that is transmitted from the sender to the receuver
message
Female-female pairs touch ______ often than do male-male pairs
more
Females tend to disclose ______ than do males, and this tend is ______ within _____-gender friendships
more strongest same
However, this may stem from higher ______
motivation
General principles of nonverbal communication 2. it is _____ ______ - we use facial expressions, gestures, eye contact, vocal tone, and body language
multi channeled
Preference for amount of personal space depends on 1. _______ of the relationship 2. Social _____ and ______ 3. ______ situations 4. social _____
nature norms culture specific status
Movement away from reciprocal self-disclosures in established relationships occurs for two reasons: 1. There is more of a need for ______ than a reciprocal disclosure from the other person
need support
Components of the communication process 5. the ______ - any stimulus that interferes with accurately expressing or understanding a message
noise
4. Pay attention to the other's _____ cues
nonverbal
There are strong _____ that govern where we touch friends
norms
However, eye contact is judged as _____ by other cultures
offensive
A _____ posture conveys a relaxed state
open
Conversation skills: five steps for making successful "small talk" 1. Indicate you are _____ to conversation by commenting on your surrounding
open
Elements of Nonverbal Communication, continued 6. _____languae
para
Elements of Nonverbal Communication 1. ______ space
personal
______ - device that records fluctuations in physiological arousal as a person answers questions
polygraph
Barriers to effective communication 3. self ______ - being so self absorbed the other person cannot equally participate
preoccupation
Movement away from reciprocal self-disclosures in established relationships occurs for two reasons: 2. The need for ______ outweighs the need for mutual self-disclosure
privacy
People often fail to use _____ protections because of _______ bias - the assumption that their own online privacy is fine but others are of risk
privacy optimistic
Social networking sites have _____ and ______ issues
privacy security
Self-disclosure is important to adjustment for several reasons: 1. Sharing _____ with others plays a key role in mental health
problems
______ - is the study of personal space
proxemics
Validity of polygraph testing is ______ with ____ error rates
questionable high
Although technology offers convenience, there are basic rules of etiquette for cell use: - ______ your phone when it will disturb others - keep calls _____ - keep calls out of ______ of others
quiet short earshot
Components of the communication process 2. the ______ - person to whom the message is TARGETED
receiver
In established relationships, disclosures are not necessarily ______
reciprocated
A great deal of information is conveyed in this manner, so it is important to ______ the general principles of ______ communication
recognize nonverbal
Conversation skills: five steps for making successful "small talk" 3. Select a topic others can _____ to
relate
2. Hear the other person out before you ______
respond
3. Engage in "active listening" by: - paraphrasing what the person said by _____ the speaker's main points to ensure you have interpreted correctly
restating
Communication and Adjustment 2. Good communication enhances ______ in relationships
satisfaction
Self-disclosure is important to adjustment for several reasons: 4. Self-disclosure in romantic relationships is associated with relationship ______
satisfaction
Components of the communication process 1. the _______ - person who INITIATES the messgae
sender
Interpersonal communication is a process involving a _____ of actions
series
Self disclosure is the act of ______ information about yourself with another person is important _____
sharing adjustment
Among European Americans, high levels of eye contact are associated with effective ______ skills and _____
social credibility
In a (-) context long gazes are interpreted as _____ and they make people _____
stares uncomfortable
Finally eye contact is affected by ____, ______ and _____
status race gender
Cross-gender touch is interpreted as ____ by females, but as _____ or _____ interest by males
support power sexual
Personal space a zone of space ______ a person that is felt to _____ to that person
surrounding belong
Communication Apprehension or anxiety caused by having to ____ with others
talk
Examples of Deception: 3. Liars are more _____ and make a more ______ impression on the listener
tense negative
Elements of Nonverbal Communication, continued 5. _____
touch
Interpersonal communication involves at least _____ people
two
It occurs in ambiguous situations where perceived threats are _____
unclear
_____ in vocal emphasis can give different _____ to the same words
variations meanings
Touch - where and whom we touch conveys a _____ of meanings, especially ____ and _____
variety status power
The primary benefit of social networking sites is being able to present yourself ______ to an online community
virtually
Paralanguage includes all _____ cues other than the content of the verbal message itself
vocal
Communication Apprehension is usually followed by 1 of 4 responses: 2. ______ - clamming up in conversation you cannot escape
withdrawal
