Chapsters 1-3 Exam

The cones are most densely packed ina small spot in the center of the retina called the WHAT?

Fovea

WHAT showed that people tend to perceive separate pieces of information as integrated wholes depending on the contexts in which they occur?

Gestalt psychologist

WHAT removes dead neurons and waste products from the nervous system?

Glial cells

Which of the following statements is true of William James's contribution to psychology?

He argued that the stream of consciousness was fluid and continuous

Caroline studies stress and suggests ways for her clients to reduce and cope, she can best be described as a what kind of psychologist?

Health Psychologist

What stresses peoples capacities for self-fulfillment and the central roles of consciousness, self-awareness, and de idiot making?

Humanism

Among lower animals, stimulation of various areas of the WHAT can trigger instinctual behaviors such as fighting, mating or nest building

Hypothalamus

The WHAT is an oblong area of the hindbrain involved in regulation of heartbeat, blood pressure, movement, and respiration?

Medulla

Each kind of neurotransmitter has a unique chemical structure, and each can fit into a specifically tailored harbor, or WHAT, on the cell receiving a message?

Receptor site

A source of bias may occur in research findings when participants are allowed to choose for themselves a certain treatment in a scientific study is called a what?

Selection factor

WHAT is best described as the stimulation of sensory receptors and the transmission of sensory information to the central nervous system?

Sensation

As part of a study in auditory perception, students were made to listen to a low volume music track. When they first put on their headphones, they almost couldn't hear anything. But as they became more attentive, the sound gradually became clearer. This is an expamle of WHAT?

Sensitization

Exposure to very loud sounds can lead to damage of the auditory nerve or hair cells, resulting in WHAT?

Sensorineural deafness

Which of the following statements is true of the experimental method of research?

The experimental method allows psychologists to control the experiences of participants and draw conclusions about cause and effect.

In the context of sound, which of the following is true?

The greater the number of cycles per second (Hz), the higher the pitch of the sound.

WHAT refers to the tendency to perceive a broken figure as being complete or whole?

The principle of closure

Which of the following is a difference between the thalamus and the hypothalamus?

The thalamus serves as a relay station for sensory stimulation, whereas the hypothalamus controls the regulation of body temperature, concentration of fluids, storage of units, and motivation and emotion.

WHAT is the sense of equilibrium that informs us about our bodies positions relative to gravity?

The vestibular sense

Which of the following statements is true of rod cells in the retina of the eye?

They are sensitive only to the intensity of light

Which of the following is a new basic taste that was recently added to the primary taste qualities?

Umami

Which of the following senses is dominant in human beings?

Vision

Shannon is observing is painting. She perceives one object in the painting as a two-dimensional circle and another as a three-dimensional sphere. Which of the following monocular cues can count for this affect?

Shadowing

Social Cognitive Theorists:

Suggest that people can modify and create their environments

A neuron relays its message to another neuron across a junction called a WHAT?

Synapse

When a neural impulse reaches the axon terminal of a neuron, the vesicles release varying amounts of neurotransmitters into the WHAT?

Synaptic cleft

Axons end in small, bulb-shaped structures called WHAT?

Terminal buttons

Some researchers consider the WHAT to be the 'executive center' of the brain, where decisions are made to keep information in working memory and to solve problems.

Thalamus

The pain message is relayed from the spinal cord to the WHAT and then projected to the cerebral cortex, making us aware of the location and intensity of the damage?

Thalamus

B.F. Skinner proposed:

That organisms learn to behave in certain ways because their behavior has a positive outcome.

Which of the following is contained in the middle ear?

The eardrum

Which of the following best describes association areas?

Areas of the cerebral cortex that are not primarily involved in sensation or motor activity.

The axon bundle that transmits neural impulses from the organ of Corti to the brain is known as the WHAT?

Auditory nerve

Structuralist tended to ask what makes up thinking and experience while WHOM tended to ask how do behavior and mental processes help people adapt to the requirements of their lives?

Behaviorists

Which of the following is true of behaviorism?

Behaviorists define psychology as the scientific study of behavior, not of behavior and mental processes

Stimuli suggestive of depth that involve simultaneous perception by both eyes are known as WHAT?

Binocular cues

Brandon studies relationship between heredity and mood disorders. He believes behavior and mental processes have a connection with the brain, hormones, heredity, and evolution. His beliefs are most consistent with WHAT perspective?

Biological perspective

The WHAT perspective works on the assumption that thoughts, fantasies, and dreams-and the inborn or instinctive behavior patterns of various species -are made possible by the nervous system and especially by the brain?

Biological perspective

The brain and the spinal cord make up the WHAT, which controls and commands bodily function

Central nervous system

Which of the following statements is true about the different types of psychologists?

Clinical psychologists help clients resolve problems and Change self defeating behavior.

Psychologists with a WHAT perspective primarily venture into the realm of mental processes such as sensation and perception, memory, intelligence, language, thought, and problem solving to understand human nature.

Cognitive perspective

Peter went cycling one morning, and he was not wearing a helmet. He fell off a ridge and fell into steep valley. Apart from fracturing his arm and acquiring several bruises, he severely injured his head. The doctor noticed swelling on the right side of his brain and suspected that it was a blood clot. Which of the following did the doctor use to obtain three-dimensional image of Peters brain for further investigation?

Computerized axial tomography (Cat scan)

Clinical psychologists clients usually have serious psychological disorders that they deal with whereas what type of psychologist deals adjustment issues as well as academic situations including decision making and making friends in college?

Counseling Psychologists

The measure results, or outcomes, in an experiment are called WHAT?

Depended variables

Which of the following statements is true about depth perception?

Distant objects stimulate smaller areas on the retina than nearby ones.

Nicotine, alcohol, and many other drugs are pleasurable because they heighten levels of WHAT

Dopamine

The construction of a factory near Valley among Elementary School adversely affected the concentration of the students in the school. The principal invited a WHAT to assist the students to help cope with the problem. This person is experienced and skilled in dealing with humans and their environments or interactions with their surroundings.

Environmental psychologist

Sulaymaniyah conducts research on a group of factory machinists as part of a study on workplace stress and heart disease. He gives each individual the opportunity to decide to choose if they want to participate after they have been told all details of the study. In other words, sumac is seeking what?

Informed consent

Which of the following is a drawback of case studies?

Interviewers may influence participants to give responses that suit their expectations.

What role does the somatic nervous system play?

It transmits messages about sights, sounds, smells, and so on, to the central nervous system

Which of the following is true of humanistic-existential perspective?

It views people as free to choose and as being responsible for choosing their own behavior

The term WHAT is derived from the Ancient Greek words for 'motion' and 'perception'?

Keinesthesis

The WHAT is a group of structures involved in memory, motivation and emotion that forms a fringe along the inner edge of the cerebrum?

Limbic system

Messages from the brain or spinal cord are transmitted to muscles or glands through the WHAT?

Motor neurons

WHAT is the type of sensory adaptation in which we become less sensitive to constant stimuli?

Negative adaptation

WHAT are specialized cells of the nervous system that transmit and receive messages?

Neurons

Pain results when neurons called WHAT in the skin are stimulated?

Nociceptors

In the context of the brain language functions, identify the correct statement

People with Wernicke's aphasia usually speak freely and with proper syntax

WHAT is a monocular cue for depth based on the coming together of parallel lines as they recede into the distance?

Perspective

The WHAT lies below the hypothalamus and is dubbed the 'master gland'

Pituitary gland

The WHAT is a bulge in the hindbrain that lies forward of the medulla and transmits information about body movement?

Pons