Chapter 11 - Databases,
List the components of data organization from smallest (simpilest) to largest (most complex).
"1) Character 2) Field 3) Record 4) Table 5) Database"
List the five basic DBMS subsystems.
"1) DBMS engine 2) Data definition 3) Data manipulation 4) Application generation 5) Data administration"
Data is recorded as ___1___ that are typically grouped together into ___2___ that represent characters using a coding scheme such as ___3___ .
"1) Digital bits 2) Bytes 3) Unicode"
TRUE or FALSE: Querying the database and generating reports is assisted by the application generation subsystem.
"FALSE: Analysis tools support viewing all or selected parts of the data, querying the database, and generating reports. Specific tools include Query-by-Example and a specialized programming language called Structured Query Language (SQL)"
TRUE or FALSE: Individual databases are the foundation of management information systems.
"FALSE: COMPANY databases are the foundation for management information systems"
TRUE or FALSE: Data consists of only numbers, letters, and symbols.
"FALSE: Data includes - ~ Audio captured, interpreted, and saved using microphones and voice recognition systems ~ Music downloaded from the Internet and saved on smartphones, tablets, and other devices ~ Photographs captured by digital cameras, edited by image editing software, and shared with others over the Internet ~ Video captured by digital video cameras, TV tuner cards, and webcams"
TRUE or FALSE: A hierarchical database uses many-to-many relationships.
"FALSE: ~ A hierarchical database uses ONE-to-many relationship ~ A network database uses many-to-many relationships."
TRUE or FALSE: A record is a collection of related tables.
"FALSE: ~ A record is a collection of related FIELDS ~ A database is an integrated collection of logically related tables"
Real-Time Processing
"~ ""Now"" ~ Occurs when data is processed at the same time the transaction occurs ~ Ex.: When one requests funds at an ATM, real-time processing occurs. "
Database
"~ An integrated collection of logically related tables. ~Example: The Personnel Database would include all related employee tables, including the Payroll Table and the Benefits Table."
Field
"~ Group of related characters ~ The name, ""Brown"" is in the data field for the Last Name of an employee. It consists of the individual letters (characters) that make up the last name. ~ Represents an attribute of some entity "
What components do information systems consist of?
"~ People ~ Procedures ~ Software ~ Hardware ~ Data ~ Internet"
What are the advantages of having databases?
"~ Sharing ~ Security ~ Less data redundancy ~ Data integrity"
Typically, only very specialized computer professionals are concerned with what view perspective of data?
Physical View
TRUE or FALSE: A commercial database is generally an enormous database that an organization develops to cover particular subjects.
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE: In a network database, nodes may have a many-to-many relationship.
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE: Relational database tables require a common data item.
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE: In an object-oriented database, attributes are specific instances of a class that can contain both data and instructions to manipulate the data.
"FALSE: ~ OBJECTS are specific instances of a class that can contain both data and instructions to manipulate the data ~ Attributes are the data fields an object possesses"
TRUE or FALSE: In a distributed database, all the data must be physically located in one place.
"FALSE: ~ The data in a company is stored in several locations and is accessible through a variety of communications networks. The database, then, is a distributed database"
Batch Processing
"~ ""Later"" ~ Data is collected over several hours, days, or even weeks ~ IData is processed all at once as a "batch." ~ Ex: A credit card bill reflects batch processing. During the month, purchases are charged to the card. Each time charged, an electronic copy of the transaction is sent to the card company. At some point in the month, the data processing dept. puts all transactions together and processes them at one time. A single bill is sent totaling the amount owed."
Table
"~ A collection of related records ~ Example: The Payroll Table would include payroll information (records) for the employees (entities) all together as a whole."
"A data field that represents a description or characteristic of some entity. A) Character B) Attribute C) Record D) Entity"
Attribute
"This subsystem defines the logical structure of the database by using a data dictionary or schema. A) Data Manipulation B) Application Generation C) Data Administration D) Data Definition"
Data Definition
"The analysis tools associated with the ________ subsystem include query-by-example and structured query languages (SQL). A) Application Generation B) Data Manipulation C) Attribute Analysis D) Data Administration"
Data Manipulation
"Information collected by an organization from a variety of external and internal databases is stored in this special type of database. A) Data Warehouse B) Commercial Database C) Company Database D) Company Warehouse"
Data Warehouse
"If all the data in a database is not physically located in one place, it would be a(n) ________ database. A) Individual B) Web C) Commercial D) Distributed"
Distributed
"In a(n) ________ database, not all the data in a database is physically located in one place. A) Distributed B) Commercial C) Individual D) Company"
Distributed
"These databases store not only data but also instructions to manipulate the data. A) Hierarchical B) Network C) Object-Oriented D) Multidimensional"
Object-Oriented
What is another name for Real-Time Processing?
Online Processing
Entity
Person, place, thing, or object
Which perspective view of data focuses on the actual format and location of the data?
Physical View
What are the two perspectives to view data?
Physical View and Logical View
"Which view of data deals with how the data is actually formatted and located? A) physical view B) logical view C) information view D) technical view"
Physical view
"A network database utilizes these special connections between parent nodes and child nodes that allow multiple paths between records. A) Connectors B) Links C) Strings D) Pointers"
Pointers
"In a network database, a node may be reached through more than one path with the help of ________. A) Strings B) Pointers C) Links D) Connectors"
Pointers
"________ processing is also known as online processing. A) Real-time B) Batch C) Consignment D) Group"
Real-time
"A collection of related fields such as a person's name, address, and age. A) Character B) Record C) Field D) File"
Record
"A(n) ________ represents a collection of attributes that describe an entity. A) Record B) Character C) Attribute D) Entity"
Record
"Having several instances of the same data is called data ________. A) Repetition B) Duplication C) Doubling D) Redundancy"
Redundancy
"The scenario wherein many files about the same person exist across different departments within an organization is called data ________. A) Repetition B) Doubling C) Redundancy D) Duplication"
Redundancy
"In the ________ database, data elements are stored in different tables, each of which consists of rows and columns. A) Network B) Hierarchical C) Object-Oriented D) Relational"
Relational
"This type of database is organized into many tables with common data items (key fields) linking the tables to one another. A) Hierarchical B) Multidimensional C) Relational D) Network"
Relational
"Which of the following is not an advantage of using a database? A) Security B) Reliability C) Sharing D) Data Integrity"
Reliability
Character
The most basic logical data element. It is a single letter, number, or special character, such as a punctuation mark, or a symbol, such as $
Record
"~ A collection of related fields ~ Represents a collection of attributes that describe an entity ~ Example: The payroll record for an employee consists of the data fields describing the attributes for one employee. These attributes are First Name, Last Name, Employee ID, and Salary."
What is a primary key?
Another name for a key field
"In this subsystem, a user can create data entry forms. A) Data Administration B) DBMS Engine C) Data Definition D) Application Generation"
Application Generation
"In the object-oriented database model, this term is the equivalent to a field in a relational model. A) Entity B) Class C) Method D) Attribute"
Attribute
"A monthly bank credit card bill is the result of ________ processing. A) Real-Time B) Group C) Consignment D) Batch"
Batch
"In ________, data from transactions are collected over time and then processed all at once. A) Batch Processing B) Group Processing C) Real-Time Processing D) Consignment Processing"
Batch Processing
What are two different methods used to handle common record-keeping activities such as payroll and sales orders for data to be processed?
Batch Processing and Real-Time Processing
"The most basic logical element of data is a ________. A) Bit B) Word C) Binary D) Character"
Character
"LexisNexis is an example of a(n) ________ database. A) Individual B) Commercial C) Distributed D) Company"
Commercial
"These types of databases are also called information utilities or data banks. A) Distributed B) Individual C) Shared D) Commercial"
Commercial
"Access to these databases is offered to the public or selected outside individuals, for a fee. A) Data Warehouses B) Commercial Databases C) Company Databases D) Distributed Databases"
Commercial Databases
Tables can be related or connected to other tables by:
Common key fields
"The combined information presented on this type of database can be used to change the whole merchandising strategy of a store. A) Commercial B) Individual C) Company D) Distributed"
Company
"Users of a(n) ________ database have access through their personal computers linked to local or wide area networks. A) Commercial B) Individual C) Company D) Distributed"
Company
"Which of the following is an advantage of using multidimensional databases? A) Smaller Hard Disk Usage B) Network Ability C) Simpler Relationships D) Conceptualization"
Conceptualization
"________ ensures that there aren't multiple sources of the same data. A) Security B) Data integrity C) Reliability D) Sharing"
Data integrity
Describe the structure and functionality of a hierarchical database.
Database in which fields or records are structured in nodes. Organized in the shape of a pyramid, and each node is linked directly to the nodes beneath it. Also called one-to-many relationship.
Attribute
Description or characteristic
"The data ________ or schema contains a description of the structure of data in the database. A) Attribute B) Generation C) Entity D) Dictionary"
Dictionary
For most employee databases, what is a key field?
Employee ID number
Data
Facts or observations about people, places, things, and events.
"A(n) ________ is a group of related characters. A) Record B) Field C) Entity D) Attribute"
Field
In logical view data, how is data categorized?
Groups or categories
"Each entry in a(n) ________ database has one parent node, with the parent node having several child nodes. A) Relational B) Object-Oriented C) Multidimensional D) Hierarchical"
Hierarchical
"In a(n) ________ database, any action on one element immediately affects the elements related to it. A) Hierarchical B) Multidimensional C) Object-Oriented D) Relational"
Hierarchical
"In this database model, the fields or records are structured in nodes. A) Relational B) Hierarchical C) Multidimensional D) Object-Oriented"
Hierarchical
"A(n) ________ database is a collection of integrated files primarily used by just one person. A) Company B) Distributed C) Commercial D) Individual"
Individual
"In this type of database, the data and the DBMS are stored either on the user's hard-disk drive or on a LAN file server. A) Company B) Individual C) Commercial D) Web"
Individual
Differentiate between the individual database and the company database.
Individual databases are used by one person and stored on ones personal computer/device. Company databases are stored on central servers and accessed by multiple people
"If Mr. Smith's bike has been sent to his new address, but the bill to his old one, it can most likely be attributed to a lack of data ________. A) Integrity B) Maintenance C) Redundancy D) Administration"
Integrity
Each record in a table has at least one distinctive field, uniquely identifying the record, called the ___1___ .
Key Field
"This commercial database offers news and information on legal, public records, and business issues. A) CSi B) Proquest Dialog C) Dow Jones Factiva D) Lexisnexis"
Lexisnexis
End users and most computer professionals are concerned with what view perspective of data, as they are involved with actually using the data with application programs?
Logical View
Which perspective view of data focuses on the meaning, content, and context of the data?
Logical View
"Object-oriented databases organize data using objects, classes, attributes, and ________. A) Characters B) Methods C) Networks D) Entities"
Methods
"A(n) ________ database, sometimes called a data cube, allows data to be viewed as a cube having three or more sides and consists of cells. A) Multidimensional B) Relational C) Hierarchical D) Object-Oriented"
Multidimensional
"In a(n) ________ database, a node may be reached through more than one path with the help of pointers. A) Multidimensional B) Object-Oriented C) Network D) Relational"
Network
"A field that uniquely identifies each record. A) Id B) Primary Key C) Common D) Numeric"
Primary Key
"The duties of a database administrator include determining which people have access to what kinds of data in the database; these are referred to as ________ rights. A) Analysis B) Management C) Processing D) Application"
Processing
"The analysis tools associated with the data manipulation subsystem that support querying databases include ________ and structured query languages (SQL). A) Query-By-Example B) Data Redundancy C) Attribute Analysis D) Data Definition"
Query-By-Example
"In ________, data is processed at the same time the transaction occurs. A) Batch Processing B) Group Processing C) Real-Time Processing D) Consignment Processing"
Real-Time Processing
"Analysis tools that support viewing all or selected parts of data, querying the database, and generating reports include query-by-example as well as a specialized programming language called ________. A) SQL B) HTML C) XML D) VBA"
SQL
TRUE or FALSE: Data redundancy can occur due to lack of data integrity.
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE: Database tables can be related or connected to other tables by common key fields.
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE: In a network database, a node can be traced down through different branches.
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE: In order to create, modify, and gain access to a database, special software, called the database management system, is required.
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE: The ATM works on the principle of real-time processing.
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE: The company database may be stored on a central database server and managed by a database administrator.
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE: The database in which data elements are organized using classes, objects, attributes, and methods is called the object-oriented database.
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE: The logical arrangement of data in a database is called the database model.
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE: The logical view of data focuses on meanings and content of the data.
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE: Typically, one of the duties of a database administrator is to interact with the data administration subsystem.
TRUE
"A(n) ________ is a collection of related records. A) Entity B) Field C) Table D) Attribute"
Table
What are some measures that can be taken to ensure a database's security?
Use firewalls to protect internal networks
Data Redundancy
When an organization has multiple files on the same subject or person
Data Integrity
When there are multiple sources of data, each source may have variations
