Chapter 11 Lifespan Practice Test

b. purging

Use of laxatives, exercise, and vomiting are most closely associated with which of the following a. treatment of anorexia nervosa b. purging c. treatment of bulimia d. binge behaviors

d. the ability to search systematically and methodologically for the solutions to a problem

14 year old Muhammed won a contest sponsored by the local newspaper to celebrate a championship basketball game. The object of the contest was to determine how many words could be made from the word 'score'. Which newly developed ability of formal operational thought would have been most helpful to Muhammed? a. the ability to reason about objects or situations not previously seen or experienced. b. the ability to start with a theory and a prediction and arrive at a conclusion c. the ability to use ethical principles for decision making d. the ability to search systematically and methodologically for the solutions to a problem

b. improvements in nutrition and health care

According to current research, which of the following accounts for the secular trend in development worldwide? a. better sex education b. improvements in nutrition and health care c. declines in teen sexual behavior d. lack of proper prenatal care

b. can apply previously learned memory strategies to the new task

According to your text, high school students perform better than elementary school students in memory task experiments because they a. are more mature and therefore more goal oriented b. can apply previously learned memory strategies to the new task c. are more motivated d. pay closer attention to the task

c. the perception that the teachers and the school are impersonal and unsupportive

According to your text, which of the following is a factor that influence adolescent adjustment to secondary school? a. a lack of goal orientation in the individual adolescent b. the emphasis in middle schools on self-efficacy c. the perception that the teachers and the school are impersonal and unsupportive d. middle schools' de-emphasis on ability groupoing

d. tobacco use

According to your textbook, among teenagers, sensation seeking appears to be LEAST associated with which of the following? a. alcohol use b. automobile accidents and injuries c. drug use d. tobacco use

c. alcohol

Among teenagers, what is the most commonly used illicit drug? a. cocaine b. marijuana c. alcohol d. diet pills

d. 30%

Approximately ___ of female 15-19 year olds in 2008 reported being on the pill a. 50% b. 10% c. 70% d. 30%

d. 13-15 and 17-18

At what ages do the two major brain growth spurts occur? a. 12-14 and 17-18 b. 11-12 and 13-15 c. 13-15 and 18-20 d. 13-15 and 17-18

b. evaluate the effects of multiple factors in systematic, methodical fashion

Charlene has achieved formal operational thought & is about to attempt Piaget's pendulum task. What can she do that she was UNABLE to do when she was still in the concrete operations stage? a. try out varying combinations of height, weight, force and length b. evaluate the effects of multiple factors in systematic, methodical fashion c. measure the length of the string, the height of the pendulum, and the weight of the object d. formulate an approach to the task

b. possibly. although irregular menstrual cycles are the norm for some time, pregnancy is still possible

Dawn has just turned 13 years old, and she recently experienced menarche. If Dawn becomes sexually active, will she be at risk for pregnancy? a. no. the irregularity of menstrual cycles after menarche means that it would be impossible to have intercourse during an ovulatory cycle b. possibly. although irregular menstrual cycles are the norm for some time, pregnant is still possible c. not likely, as irregular menstrual cycles signal the absence of ovulation d. probably not. she would be too young to get pregnant

b. task

DeShaun wants to learn calculus so he can become an engineer. He is motivated by which type of goal a. ability b. task c. hypothetical d. metacognitive

d. hands and feet

During a growth, which is (are) likely to grow first a. arms and legs b. the brain c. the torso d. hands and feet

a. size of heart and lungs

During adolescence, boys are more advanced than girls in which of the following aspects of physical development a. size of heart and lungs b. acquisition of fat tissue c. joints of the skeletal system d. attainment of adult height

c. adrenarche

During puberty the pituitary glands signals the adrenal glands to increase production of androgens. What is the term for this process a. estradiol b. pituitarism c. adrenarche d. puberty

b. 33%

How many teen pregnancies end in abortion? a. 25% b. 33% c. 10% d. 50%

b. ability

If Marla wants to be the best clarinet player in the band, she is motivated by which type of goal? a. inductive b. ability c. extrinsic d. task

b. African Americans

In the US, which of the following sexually active groups is most likely to use condoms a. white americans b. african americans c. asian americans d. hispanic americans

b. white girls in the U.S.

In which of the following groups has the average age of menarche remained the same over the past 6 decades? a. hispanic american girls b. white girls in the u.s. c. african american girls d. asian american girls

a. middle childhood

Most people probably begin to have some awareness of their sexual orientation at what point in their lives? a. middle childhood b. adolescence c. young adulthood d. early childhood

d. growth of the genitals

Of the following events in boys' puberty, which typically occurs earliest? a. peak of the growth spurt b. growth of a beard c. lowering of the voice d. growth of the genitals

c. punish teens who are found to be smoking

Of the following, which would be the LEAST effective strategy for parents who want to prevent children from smoking? a. provide a parental model for non-smoking b. discuss beliefs about the morality of smoking c. punish teens who are found to be smoking d. establish family rules against substance use

b. to think abstractly

Piaget, through his fourth stage, believed that adolescence is the time when children's main task is to learn which of the following? a. choose an adult career b. to think abstractly c. develop peer relationships d. to use concrete operations in new ways

a. improvements in nutrition and health care

The changes in the patterns of physical growth and development that are known as the secular trend are most likely caused by which of the following? a. improvements in nutrition and health care b. increased levels of demand and stress placed upon children and adolescents c. an increasingly sexualized society d. cultural values that favor a thin, angular body image

a. intense fear of weight gain, extreme dieting, and obsessive exercising

The core feature(s) of anorexia nervosa is (are) _____________ a. intense fear of weight gain, extreme dieting, and obsessive exercising b. the use of laxatives or self-induced vomiting c. binging and purging d. obsessive fear of food

b. episodes of binge eating that are followed by purging activities

The eating disorder bulimia nervosa is characterized by a. metabolic dysfunction that triggers compulsive and excessive eating b. episodes of binge eating that are followed by purging activities c. significant weight loss d. obsessive dieting that results in death by starvation

b. transsexual

Thomas has been transgendered for as long as he can remember. He has begun living full time as Trina and has started taking hormone supplements. Trina plans to have gender reassignment surgery next year. Which of the following terms best describes Trina? a. queer b. transsexual c. transgendered d. homosexual

c. repeated vomiting

Tooth decay among bulimic teens is caused by which of the following? a. poor nutrition b. purging c. repeated vomiting d. binge behaviors

c. formal operations

What is Piaget's fourth stage of cognitive development? a. post-operational b. concrete operations c. formal operations d. preoperational

b. 20%

What is the concordance rate of homosexuality in fraternal twins? a. 50% b. 20% c. 60% d. 30%

c. 50-60%

What is the concordance rate of homosexuality in identical twins a. 30-40% b. 10-20% c. 50-60% d. 70-80%

d. teens who are most strongly influenced by media portrayals of risky behavior are more likely to engage in sensation seeking

What is the correlation between risk-seeking behavior and the media? a. there is no evidence to correlate media portrayals of risky behavior and sensation-seeking b. the correlation between media influences and risk taking is negative c. teens who watch more than 40 hours of television per week are more likely to engage in sensation-seeking d. teens who are most strongly influenced by media portrayals of risky behavior are more likely to engage in sensation seeking

d. 70 per 1,000 teens

What is the overall annual teenage pregnancy rate for 18 to 19 year olds in the U.S. a. 40 per 1,000 teens b. 10 per 1,000 teens c. 20 per 1,000 teens d. 70 per 1,000 teens

c. menarche

What is the term for the onset of the menstrual cycle a. secularization b. menstruation c. menarche d. ovarianition

c. 90%

What percentage of U.S. high school students receive a diploma a. 95% b. 65% c. 90% d. 50%

c. 15%

What percentage of high school students in the U.S. have seriously considered suicide? a. 1% b. 25% c. 15% d. 5%

c. elkind's theory of the imaginary audience

Whenever Jean walks by a mirror or any reflective surfacehe stops to make sure that his hair looks good and that his clothes look acceptable to his peers. Which principle is at work here? a. piaget's theory of centration b. elkind's theory of formal operations c. elkind's theory of the imaginary audience d. piaget's theory of deductive logic

a. pituitary

Which gland prompts the release of hormones from the other endocrine glands? a. pituitary b. thyroid c. hypothalamus d. adrenal

c. estrogen in females and testosterone in males

Which group of hormones is responsible for the development of the sex organs a. general growth hormones b. thyroid gland hormones c. estrogen in females and testosterone in males d. testosterone in females and estradiol in males

c. adrenal androgen

Which hormone is responsible for changes at puberty, particularly the development of the secondary sex characteristics in girls? a. testosterone b. estrogen c. adrenal androgen d. thyroxine

d. thyroxine

Which hormone is responsible for normal brain development and overall rate of growth a. adrenal androgen b. testosterone c. estrogen d. thyroxine

a. the transitional period between childhood and adulthood

Which of the following best defines adolescence? a. the transitional period between childhood and adulthood b. the period between the ages of 10 and 17 c. the transition to puberty d. the transitional period from childhood to teenage-hood

b. the onset of menstruation at puberty

Which of the following best defines menarche? a. growth of the uterus during puberty b. the onset of menstruation at puberty c. the beginning of puberty marked by the development of breast buds d. increase in body fat puberty

d. their own abilities and belief in the acceptability of these subjects for girls

Which of the following best explains what shapes girls' desire to take advanced math and science classes? a. the acceptance they receive from their peers if they choose these types of courses b. the encouragement they receive from their parents to pursue these fields c. the encouragement they receive from their teachers to take theses courses d. their own abilities and belief in the acceptability of these subjects for girls

a. the ability to summarize a text improves gradually during the second half of adolescence

Which of the following best summarizes the research of Brown and Day regarding text learning in adolescence? a. the ability to summarize a text improves gradually during the second half of adolescence b. the ability to summarize a text at the age of 18 is not much different than at the age of 13 c. 16 year olds are likely to use only the first and third rules when writing summaries d. overall, students in U.S. high schools are unable to summarize and comprehend their reading assignments

b. specific phobia

Which of the following comorbid conditions has been proposed by theorists as a possible explanation for the development of eating disorders in our society> a, schizophrenia b. specific phobia c. obsessive compulsive disorder d. obsessive compulsive personality disorder

b. genetic factors

Which of the following factors is likely to contribute to the development of depression among adolescents? a. family responsibilities and chores b. genetic factors c. large family size d. average self-esteem

d. social factors

Which of the following factors is most likely to influence whether or not teens become sexually active across cultures? a. hormones b. nutritional levels c. levels of sex education d. social factors

b. early maturing girls

Which of the following groups is more likely to have a negative body image, get into trouble at school and with peers, and engage in delinquent behavior a. late maturing girls b. early maturing girls c. late maturing boys d. early maturing boys

b. early maturing boys

Which of the following groups is more likely to occupy leadership roles but also be at increased risk for alcohol or drug use? a. late maturing girls b. early maturing boys c. early maturing girls d. late maturing boys

a. formation of a uterus

Which of the following is a change in primary sex characteristics which takes place during puberty a. formation of a uterus b. growth of pubic hair c. changing voice pitch d. growth of breasts

b. fear of conflict

Which of the following is a characteristic of anorexia nervosa? a. excessive menstruation b. fear of conflict c. impulsivity d. eating large amounts of food and then purging

d. the personal fable

Which of the following is a component of adolescent egocentrism, according to Elkind? a. concrete thinking b. self-biography c. hypothetical-inductive reasoning d. the personal fable

a. obesity is likely to be positively correlated with early puberty in girls

Which of the following is a true statement regarding obesity and puberty a. obesity is likely to be positively correlated with early puberty in girls b. obesity is likely to cause late onset puberty in boys and girls c. obesity is negatively correlated with early puberty in girls d. obesity is likely to positively correlated with early puberty in boys

a. formal operational reasoning enables adolescents to understand figurative language, such as metaphors

Which of the following is an accurate statement about adolescents' development of formal operational thinking? a. formal operational reasoning adolescents to understand figurative language, such as metaphors b. an adolescent's decision making can include here and now factors but not future possibilities c. higher education is of little use in the development of formal operational thinking d. nearly all adolescents are engaged in formal operational thinking by the 12th grade

a. growth of the breasts

Which of the following is an example of changes in secondary sex characteristics during puberty? a. growth of the breasts b. growth of the testes c. growth of the penis d. growth of the ovaries

c. depression

Which of the following is associated with bulimia? a. schizophrenia b. excessive weight loss c. depression d. cessation of menstration

c. trouble at home and at school

Which of the following is likely to be characteristic of a girl who experienced the major physical changes of puberty by age 10 a. bipolar disorder b. involvement with prosocial peers c. trouble at home and at school d. a positive body image

a. the escalation phase

Which of the following is one of the stages of crisis of teen pregnancy a. the escalation phase b. the deescalation phase c. the denial phase d. the radical acceptance phase

a. history of parental divorce

Which of the following is recognized as a common factors among suicide completers? a. history of parental divorce b. altered mental state through alcohol, drugs, or emotional upset c. abnormal sexual behaviors d. poor grades in school

b. Cindy hopes to score higher on her college entrance than any of her brothers and sisters

Which of the following is the best example of a child who has ability goals for academic achievement? a. Darren wants to do another biology project on fruit flies because he learned so much on his first project b. Cindy hopes to score higher on her college entrance exam than any of her brothers and sisters c. Julia loves to cook and wants to open her own restaurant d. Eduardo hopes his computer teacher will let him learn Java computer programming language for his final project

a. changes in breasts and pubic hair

Which of the following is the earliest sign of puberty for a female a. changes in breasts and pubic hair b. menstruation c. development of a mesomorphic body type d. growth spurt

a. it typically occurs between 13 and 14 years of age, but the production of viable sperm does not happen until a few months later

Which of the following is true of spermarche? a. it typically occurs between 13 and 14 years of age, but the production of viable sperm does not happen until a few months later. b. it typically occurs between 15 and 16 years of age c. it's onset varies considerable between different ethnic groups d. viable sperm production usually occurs a few months prior to the 1st ejaculation

c. growing up with a depressed parent

Which of the following may create a developmental pathway for adolescent depression? a. growing up in a low socioeconomc status family b. growing up in a religion that emphasizes traditional gender roles c. growing up with a depressed parent d. having many siblings

d. teens who are involved in sports or after school activities have lower rates of sexual activity than teens who do not participate in such activities

Which of the following statements about adolescent sexual activity is correct? a. of the students using contraception, more use the birth control pill than use condoms b. less than 1/3 of sexually active children report using condoms in their most recent sexual activity. c. among girls, those who are sexually active are less likely to have had early menarche d. teens who are involved in sports or after school activities have lower rates of sexual activity than teens who do not participate in such activities

c. menarche typically occurs 2 years after the beginning of indicators such as changes in the breast and pubic hair

Which of the following statements about menarche is correct? a. among girls in industrialized countries, menarche occurs, on average, between the ages of 8 and 10 b. in industrialized countries, the average age og menarche has remained fairly stable for more than 100 years c. menarche typically occurs 2 years after the beginning of indicators such as changes in the breast and pubic hair d. only 50% of girls experience menarche between the ages of 11 and 15

c. there is no clear consensus on the effectiveness of sex education programs

Which of the following statements about sex education programs is correct a. most sex education programs are effective b. most sex education programs are ineffective c. there is no clear consensus on the effectiveness of sex education programs d. all sex education programs are effective

c. pregnancy is most likely to happen after a girl leaves high school

Which of the following statements about teen pregnancy is true a. the highest rate of teenaged pregnancy is among girls under the age of 15 b. the rate of births to married teenagers has increased in the last 4 decades c. pregnancy is most likely to happen after a girl leaves high school d. the teenaged pregnancy rate has steadily increased since the 1960s

b. the research does not clearly point to either genetics or environment, but rather indicates that sexual orientation is a result of both genetic and environmental factors

Which of the following statements best summarizes the research as to the causes of homosexuality? a. the majority of teens who identify sexually abused as children b. the research does not clearly point to either genetics or environment, but rather indicates that sexual orientation is a result of both genetic and environmental factors c. the research clearly indicates that homosexual behaviors are a matter of choice d. more and more research indicates that genetics plays a strong role in the development of sexual orientation

b. the number of births to unmarried teens has increased over the past 4 decades

Which of the following statements is true regarding adolescent pregnancy in the U.S.? a. the number of teen pregnancies continues to rise b. the number of births to unmarried teens has increased over the past 4 decades c. the number of unwed teen mothers who eventually wed the babies' fathers has increased over the past 4 decades d. the teenaged pregnancy rate has steadilty increased since the 1960s

b. transgendered

Which of the following terms applies to a person whose psychological gender does not match their physical sex a. transfixed b. transgendered c. cross-typed d. homosexual

a. obsessive compulsive personality disorder

Which of the following terms describes an excessive need for control of the environment? a. obsessive compulsive personality disorder b. controlling personality disorder c. manic personality disorder d. borderline personality disorder

a. students experience losses in academic achievement and self esteem

Which statement best describes the transition from elementary school to high school? a. students experience losses in academic achievement in academic achievement and self esteem b. students generally have a smooth transition and easy adaptation to different demands of a new educational environment c. students establish higher personal standards and goals for success d. students have increased competence and self-efficacy

c. they tend to use means that are less successful, such as poisoning

Why are girls less likely to complete suicide? a. fewer girls attempt, so fewer complete b. they are more prone to suicidal "faking: c. they tend to use means that are less successful d. they lack access to lethal means