Chapter 12

You are attempting to link an individual to a crime. The only evidence you have is a tiny drop of blood. How can you use this drop of blood to make the association? A. You can use the sample to determine the individual's ABO blood group. B. You can use gel electrophoresis to determine the length of the DNA found in the sample. C. You can use PCR to increase the amount of DNA available for restriction fragment analysis. D. You can use the sample to check for the presence of the Rhesus factor.

C. You can use PCR to increase the amount of DNA available for restriction fragment analysis

To make restriction fragments, a DNA sample is treated with ______. A. DNA ligase B. restriction enzymes C. gel electrophoresis D. PCR

B. restriction enzymes

The state of human gene therapy today is that A. the work that has been completed so far is purely theoretical, but some treatments are in development. B. there have been a small number of successes, including with the disease SCID. C. human gene therapy is used routinely in the treatment of certain rare cancers. D. human gene therapy is used to treat a wide variety of conditions, including diabetes, cancer, and bone marrow diseases.

B. there have been a small number of successes, including with the disease SCID.

Which of these is a genetically modified organism? A. an organism carrying a gene that was acquired by artificial means B. the first organism in which a particular mutation has appeared C. a cloned organism carrying two different alleles D. an organism that gestated in an artificial womb

A. an organism carrying a gene that was acquired by artificial means

Cutting DNA with a particular restriction enzyme produces DNA fragments that can be separated by ______. A. gel electrophoresis B. enzymes C. recombinant DNA D. plasmids

A. gel electrophoresis

The process of making multiple copies of a gene by inserting it into a host genome and culturing the host is an example of ______. A. gene cloning B. industrial genetic engineering C. gene amplification D. gene pharming

A. gene cloning

What name is given to a region of DNA that varies from person to person? A. genetic marker B. genetic probe C. monoDNA D. restriction fragment

A. genetic marker

When plasmids are used to produce a desired protein, the ______. A. plasmids multiply and produce the protein outside of the bacterium B. bacterial chromosome is genetically engineered and the plasmid is used to help the bacterium replicate C. desired gene is inserted into the plasmid and the plasmid is taken up by the bacterium D. bacterial genome and plasmid are inserted into the genome of the cell containing the desired gene (perhaps the cell of a plant or animal.

C. desired gene is inserted into the plasmid and the plasmid is taken up by the bacterium.

Genetically modifying human ______ cells may directly affect future generations. A. intestinal B. immune C. gametic D. somatic

C. gametic

Ethical dilemmas raised by DNA technology and knowledge of the human genome include ______. A. the potential for interfering in evolution B. the safety of GM foods C. the potential discrimination against people predisposed to certain diseases D. all of the above

D. all of the above