Chapter 12: Gender, Sex & Sexuality Quiz & Terms

Conflict Theory

-From a conflict theory perspective, sexuality is another area in which power differentials are present and where dominant groups actively work to promote their worldview as well as their economic interests. -For conflict theorists, there are two key dimensions to the debate over same-sex marriage—one ideological and the other economic.

Symbolic Interactionist Theory

-Interactionists focus on the meanings associated with sexuality and with sexual orientation. Since femininity is devalued in U.S. society, those who adopt such traits are subject to ridicule; this is especially true for boys or men. Just as masculinity is the symbolic norm, so too has heterosexuality come to signify normalcy. -Interactionists are also interested in how discussions of homosexuals often focus almost exclusively on the sex lives of gays and lesbians; homosexuals, especially men, may be assumed to be hypersexual and, in some cases, deviant. Interactionism might also focus on the slurs used to describe homosexuals.Queer Theory

Sexuality Around the World

-Sweden is super liberal when it comes to attitudes about sex. They have little regulation about sexuality in the media, and they also start sex education as early as 6 years old. They also have among the world's lowest rates of teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases

Functionalist Theory

-When it comes to sexuality, functionalists stress the importance of regulating sexual behavior to ensure marital cohesion and family stability. -Functionalists such as Talcott Parsons (1955) have long argued that the regulation of sexual activity is an important function of the family. From a functionalist point of view, the purpose of encouraging sexual activity in the confines of marriage is to intensify the bond between spouses and to ensure that procreation occurs within a stable, legally recognized relationship. -sees homosexuality as dysfunctional for society because there are no children created.......but doesn't address same-sex parents/families

Heteronormative

-the United States -means sexual orientation is biologically determined and unambiguous -consider straights are never asked "how did you know you were gay"

Feminist Theory

-uses the conflict approach to examine the maintenance of gender roles and inequalities. -Tends to see inequalities through a lens of analysis of gender

First attempt to legalize same sex marriage

1972

When Jeanette's parents find out her twin brother, Rex, has been sexually active, they tell him to use protection. When they found out Jeanette has been sexually active, they ground her for a month. This is an example of: A. A double Standard B. A misunderstanding C. Gender Identity D. Homophobia

A. A double Standard

When thinking about gender, Jeff sees men as the dominant social group and women the subordinate group. This exploitation of the subordinate group has created social problems, such as high rates of poverty among single mothers. Which sociological perspective best fit Jeff's views? Select one: A. Conflict Theory B. Structural Functionalism C. Cyberfeminism D. Symbolic Interactionism

A. Conflict Theory

What is the purpose of the queer theory? A. To question the ways society perceives and experiences sex, gender, and sexuality. B. To purpose a series of federal laws that will put an end to many social inequalities. C. To determine whether sexual orientation is a product of nature or nurture. D. To examine the genetic differences between the heterosexual population and homosexual population.

A. To question the ways society perceives and experiences sex, gender, and sexuality.

Chase grew up wanting to wear his sister's dresses over his brother's pants and button up shirts. When Chase turns 18, he decides to begin living as woman, though he's still only sexually attracted to women. He decides he doesn't want to undergo surgery. Chase is: A. Transgender B. Bisexual C. Transsexual D. Homophobic

A. Transgender

True or false: A person's sex, as determined by his or her biology, does not always correspond with his or her gender. A. True B. False

A. True

Gender Dysphoria is: A. A condition where transgender people choose to alter their bodies. B. A condition of people whose gender at birth is contrary to the one they identify with C. A form of sexual dysfunction and paraphila. D. A form of homophobia

B. A condition of people whose gender at birth is contrary to the one they identify with

What is the first agent of socialization? A. The Law B. Family C. School D. Friends

B. Family

Peggy accepts a job offer as an advertising copywriter. Her boss immediately assigns her campaigns for products such as makeup and cleaning products. Peggy asks for different clients, but her boss tells her she should stick to what she and "her kind" know best. Peggy is experiencing : A. Sexual orientation B. Sexism C. Masochism D. Homophobia

B. Sexism

Jenny is given a doll for her 2nd birthday, while her brother, Tyrone, is given a fire truck. This is an example of gender _______. A. Bending B. Socialization C. Indifference D. Stratification

B. Socialization

Tasha believes that gender is about the division of labor in the family. In the pre-industrial era, men were the hunter-gatherers and bread-winners, and women were keepers of the home. After World War II, changes in the family structure allowed women to become breadwinners also, altering the roles of the family. From what sociological perspective do Tasha's thoughts come? A. Cyberfeminism B. Structural Functionalism C. Symbolic Interactionism D. Conflict Theory

B. Structural Functionalism

In which country is sex education required in public schools? A. The United States B. Sweden C. England D. Nigeria

B. Sweden

The term doing gender can be defined as: A. The refusal to participate in any tasks with gender-specific requirements. B. When people perform tasks based upon the gender assigned to them by society and, in turn, themselves. C. The prejudiced belief that one sex should be valued over another. D. Dating a member of the same sex to make a political statement.

B. When people perform tasks based upon the gender assigned to them by society and, in turn, themselves.

When Wendy's sorority sisters discover that Wendy is a lesbian, they hold a secret meeting to decide if Wendy should still be allowed to pledge. A handful of the sisters vote "no." This is an example of: A. Doing gender B. Bisexuality C. Homophobia D. Social imperialism

C. Homophobia

DOMA

Clinton signs Defense of Marriage Act, a 1996 U.S. law explicitly limiting the definition of "marriage" to a union between one man and one woman and allowing each individual state to recognize or deny same-sex marriages performed in other states

hich of the following is NOT a product of gender stereotyping? A. Keisha's mom encouraging her to take home economics over shop class so she can please her future husband. B. A music store employee encouraging a young woman to study the piano or flute instead of the drums or guitar. C. A teacher discouraging a female student from entering the military, suggesting nursing school instead. D. A father buying a basketball hoop for his daughter's eighth birthday.

D. A father buying a basketball hoop for his daughter's eighth birthday.

The term sexuality is defined by the text as: A. An individual's sense of being either masculine or feminine. B. The repressed sexual inclinations of society as a whole. C. An individual's biological gender. D. A person's capacity for sexual feelings.

D. A person's capacity for sexual feelings.

The term sexual orientation can be defined as: A. a phase which a person outgrows before entering heterosexuality. B. A term that refers to individuals who identity with the behaviors and characteristics that are opposite of their biological sex. C. A person's biological gender D. A person's emotional and sexual attraction to a particular sex.

D. A person's emotional and sexual attraction to a particular sex.

What is the Kinsey Scale? A. An in-depth guide to measure whether a loved one is homosexual or heterosexual. B. A religious text which classifies a person's ability to live as a heterosexual. C. An instructional manual explaining acceptable homosexual, heterosexual, and bisexual behavior. D. A six-point rating system that ranges fro, exclusively heterosexual to exclusively homosexual orientation.

D. A six-point rating system that ranges fro, exclusively heterosexual to exclusively homosexual orientation.

What is the difference between sex and gender? A. Sex refers to who a person is sexually attracted to, and gender refers to whom a person chooses to partner with. B. Sex is the extent to which one identifies as being either masculine or feminine, gender is biological characterization of anatomy. C. Sex refers to sexual orientation, and gender refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females. D. Sex refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females, while gender is the extent to which one identifies as being either masculine or feminine.

D. Sex refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females, while gender is the extent to which one identifies as being either masculine or feminine.

Biological determinism is: A. The prejudiced belief that one sex should be valued over another. B. An extreme or irrational aversion to homosexuals. C. An individual's sense of being either masculine or feminine. D. The belief that men and women behave differently due to differences in their biology.

D. The belief that men and women behave differently due to differences in their biology.

Cisgender

Gender identity and sex are the same

Alfred Kinsey

Was the first to conceptualize sexuality as a continuum rather than a strict dichotomy of gay or straight

Symbolic Interactionist Theory cont.

When people perform tasks or possess characteristics based on the gender role assigned to them, they are said to be doing gender. This notion is based on the work of West and Zimmerman (1987).

Gender Dysphoria

a condition listed in the DSM-5 in which people whose gender at birth is contrary to the one they identify with. This condition replaces "gender identity disorder"

Asexuality

a lack of sexual attraction to people of either sex

Sexuality

a person's capacity for sexual feelings -there are a few shared norms, ie, incest tabooSexuality Around the World

Gender Identity

a person's deeply held internal perception of his or her gender

Sexual Orientation

a person's physical, mental, emotional, and sexual attraction to a particular sex (male or female)

Sex

a term that denotes the presence of physical or physiological differences between males and females

Gender

a term that refers to social or cultural distinctions of behaviors that are considered male or female

Transgender

an adjective that describes individuals who identify with the behaviors and characteristics that are other than their biological sex

Homophobia

an extreme or irrational aversion to homosexuals

Heterosexism

an ideology and a set of institutional practices that privilege heterosexuals and heterosexuality over other sexual orientations

Queer Theory

an interdisciplinary approach to sexuality studies that identifies Western society's rigid splitting of gender into male and female roles and questions its appropriateness

Heterosexuality

attraction to someone of the other sex

Homosexuality

attraction to the same sex

In 1973, the American Psychological Associate (APA) declassified homosexuality as an abnormal or deviant disorder. Which sociological perspective would e most interested in the statement the (APA) made to society? A. Structural Functionalism B. Exchange Theory C. Cyberfeminism D. Symbolic Interactionism

d. Symbolic Interactionism

Occurs through four major types of socialization: family, education, peer groups, and mass media

gender socialization

Bisexuality

sexual attraction to people of both sexes

Social Construction of Sexuality

socially created definitions about the cultural appropriateness of sex-linked behavior which shape how people see and experience sexuality

Gender Role

society's concept of how men and women should behave

Biological Determinism

the belief that men and women behave differently due to inherent sex differences related to their biology

Double Standard

the concept that prohibits premarital sexual intercourse for women but allows it for men

Doing Gender

the performance of tasks based upon the gender assigned to us by society and, in turn, ourselves

Sexism

the prejudiced belief that one sex should be valued over another

Transsexuals

transgender individuals who attempt to alter their bodies through medical interventions such as surgery and hormonal therapy

Supreme Court and same sex marriages

• June 26, 2013: same sex marriage legal once again in California •October 6, 2014: Gay marriage in 6 other states: Colorado, Kansas, North Carolina, South Carolina, West Virginia, and Wyoming •June 26, 2015: same sex marriage legalized across the US that will stand as milestone in its 226 year history

Human Sex variations (6 most common Karyotypes)

• X - roughy 1 in 2000 to 1 in 5000 people (TURNER's) •XX - Most common form of female •XXY - roughly 1 in 500 to 1 in 1000 people (KLINEFELTER) •XY- most common form of male •XXY- roughly 1 out of 1000 people •XXXY- roughly 1 in 18000 to 1 in 50000 births