chapter 13 homework

Tetanus is a disease caused by an infection at the site of a wound that has dramatic effects on the contraction of muscle tissue. This is an example of a(n): Multiple Choice inflammation gangrene toxemia polymicrobial infection

toxemia

Please match the clinical stage of infection with its description. 1. appearance of first early, nonspecific symptoms. 2. Microorganism is multiplying rapidly and causing fever and specific disease symptoms. 3. decline of symptoms and return to a state of health 4. period of time from initial contact with pathogen to appearance of very first symptoms incubation period period of invasion convalescent period prodromal stage

1.prodromal stage 2.period of invasion 3.convalescent period 4.incubation period

Please choose the statement that provides correct information about zoonoses. Multiple Choice Zoonoses are frequently transmitted in the hospital setting and are important nosocomial infections. Zoonoses are quite rare infections in North America. 70 percent of the new emerging infections seen today are zoonoses. Since zoonoses involve animal reservoirs, they are readily controlled and eradicated.

70 percent of the new emerging infections seen today are zoonoses.

1. Presence of organisms living in or on the body, but not causing any pathology. 2. Pathogenic microorganisms penetrate the host defenses, enter the tissues, and multiply. 3. Disruption of a tissue or organ caused by microbes or their products. Colonization infection Infectious disease

Colonization infection Infectious disease

Reservoirs are always humans or other animals. True or False

False

Please identify the four most significant interactions between humans and the microbes that live in and on our bodies. Check All That Apply Microbes can protect and stabilize body surfaces on which they establish themselves as normal residents. Microbes living in and on the body provide significant nutrition to their human hosts who are able to metabolize their products for energy. Microbes promote the development and maturation of host immune defenses. Microbes may invade and grow in normally sterile body sites. Microbes cause disease by damaging tissues and organs.

Microbes can protect and stabilize body surfaces on which they establish themselves as normal residents. Microbes promote the development and maturation of host immune defenses. Microbes may invade and grow in normally sterile body sites. Microbes cause disease by damaging tissues and organs.

Please choose the statement that best describes the benefits of microbial antagonism to the human host. Multiple Choice Microbial antagonism refers to the effects that antibiotics have on the normal microbiota. Microbial antagonism refers to the mechanisms by which a pathogen damages the host. Microbial antagonism occurs when members of the normal microbiota prevent pathogens from colonizing and becoming established in the body. Microbial antagonism refers to the effects that the human immune system has on the normal microbiota. Microbial antagonism keeps normal microbiota from colonizing some parts of the human body.

Microbial antagonism occurs when members of the normal microbiota prevent pathogens from colonizing and becoming established in the body.

Experiments conducted with germ-free animals have led to what conclusion? Microbes are not needed to stimulate development of certain host defenses. Germ-free animals have a stronger immune system than animals who are not germ-free. Microbiota contribute to the normal development of the immune system. Microbiota inhibit the normal development of the immune system.

Microbiota contribute to the normal development of the immune system.

Match the organism with the preferred portal of entry. 1. Gastrointestinal Tract 2. Respiratory Tract 3. Urogenital Tract 4. Skin/Mucous Membranes Match each of the options above to the items below. Staphylococcus aureus​ Staphylococcus aureus poliovirus Mycobacterium tuberculosis hepatitis B virus

Staphylococcus aureus 4 poliovirus 1 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 2 hepatitis B virus3

A __________ forms when microbial cells bind to each other and to host cells creating complex relationships. pathogen biofilm wound microflora

biofilm

Please choose the answer that best fills in the blanks of this sentence in the correct order. A mosquito which transmits malaria by injecting infected saliva into the blood of its victim is an example of a __________ vector, whereas a fly which transmits trachoma on its feet as it moves from one infected individual to the eye area of a noninfected individual is an example of a __________ vector. Multiple Choice subclinical; mechanical mechanical; biological biological; asymptomatic biological; mechanical

biological; mechanical

A patient becomes sick with strep throat and is given antibiotics. However, after feeling better a few days later, the patient stops taking the antibiotic. A week later the patient becomes sick with strep throat again and testing finds it is due to the same strain which is now resistant to the antibiotic. This is an example of a/an __________ infection. viral exogenous endogenous opportunistic

endogenous

The minimum number of organisms necessary to enter through the portal of entry and establish infection is the __________. Multiple Choice therapeutic index infectious dose virulence number thermal death point

infectious dose

Botulism is the ingestion of a toxin in food and is an example of a/an __________. Multiple Choice endotoxin intoxication inflammation infection

intoxication

Which would require that the host have a compromised immune system to cause an infection? Multiple Choice pathogenic pathogen opportunistic pathogen virulent pathogen true pathogen

opportunistic pathogen

The primary habitat in the natural world from which a pathogen originates is its __________. vehicle host vector reservoir

reservoir

In the early 1900's a cook named Mary was found to have caused the infection of multiple people with typhoid, a disease caused by Salmonella infection. Mary was sick at one point but recovered and housed the organism which she spread to others, some of whom died. The case of Typhoid Mary is a classic example of what type of infection? Choose all terms that may apply. Check All That Apply toxemia septicemic viremia subclinical asymptomatic

subclinical asymptomatic

Please choose the answer that best fills in the blanks of this sentence in the correct order. A(n) __________ pathogen causes disease in a healthy individual with a normal immune response, whereas a(n) __________ pathogen will not cause disease in a normal healthy host, but instead causes disease only when a host's defenses are compromised in some way. virulent; true true; opportunistic opportunistic; true true; immunocompromised

true; opportunistic