Chapter 18 & 19
Match each presidential candidate in the 1860 election below with his party's position on the slavery question. A. Abraham Lincoln 1. extend slavery into the territories B. Stephen Douglas 2. ban slavery from the territories C. John Breckenridge 3. preserve the Union by compromise D. John Bell 4. enforce popular sovereignty
B) A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3 A: Abraham Lincoln; 2: ban slavery from the territories B: Stephen Douglas; 4: enforce popular sovereignty C: John Breckenridge; 1: extend slavery into the territories D: John Bell; 3: preserve the Union by compromise
The government of the Confederate States of America was first organized in
B) Montgomery, Alabama.
In 1856, the breaking point over slavery in Kansas came with
B) an attack on Lawrence by a gang of proslavery raiders.
The panic of 1857
B) hit hardest among grain growers of the Northwest
The immense debt owed to northern creditors by the South was
B) repudiated by the South.
In 1855, proslavery southerners regarded Kansas as
B) slave territory.
Match each candidate in the 1856 election below with the correct party. A. John C. Frémont 1. Democratic B. Millard Fillmore 2. Republican C. Martin Van Buren 3. Know-Nothing D. James Buchanan
C) A-2, B-3, D-1 A: John C. Fremont; 2: Republican B: Millard Fillmore; 3: Know-Nothing D: James Buchanan; 1: Democratic
Arrange these events in chronological order: (A) Dred Scott decision, (B) Lincoln-Douglas debates, (C) Kansas-Nebraska Act, (D) Harper's Ferry raid.
C) C, A, B, D C: Kansas-Nebraska Act A: Dred Scott Decision B: Lincoln-Douglas debates D: Harper's Ferry raid
The presidential candidate of the new Constitutional Union party in 1860 was
C) John Bell.
As a result of the panic of 1857, the South believed that
C) believed that "cotton was king."
Abraham Lincoln won the 1860 Republican party presidential nomination in part because he
C) had made fewer enemies than front-runner William Seward.
President James Buchanan declined to use force to keep the South in the Union for all of the following reasons except that
C) he believed that the Constitution allowed secession.
As late as 1856, many northerners were still willing to vote Democratic instead of Republican because
C) many did not want to lose their profitable business connections with the South.
The situation in Kansas in the mid-1850s indicated the impracticality of _______________ in the territories.
C) popular sovereignty
For a majority of northerners, the most outrageous part of the Supreme Court's ruling in the Dred Scott case was
C) that Congress had never had the power to prohibit slavery in any territory.
In the debates of 1850, Senator William H. Seward, as a representative of the northern Young Guard, argued that
Christian legislators must obey God's moral law.
The prime objective of Manifest Destiny in the 1850s was
Cuba
Nativists in the 1850s were known for their
D) anti-Catholic and antiforeign attitudes.
The clash between Preston S. Brooks and Charles Sumner revealed
D) passions over slavery were becoming dangerously inflamed in both North and South.
The decision rendered in the Dred Scott case was applauded by
D) proslavery southerners.
When Abraham Lincoln was the 1860 presidential election, people in South Carolina
D) rejoiced because it gave them an excuse to secede.
The political career of Abraham Lincoln could best be described as
D) slow to get off the ground.
In "Bleeding Kansas" in the mid-1850s, ________________ was/were identified with the proslavery element, and ________________ was/were associated with the antislavery free-soilers.
D) the Lecompton Constitution; the New England Immigrant Aid Society
As a result of the Lincoln-Douglas debates,
E) Douglas defeated Lincoln for the Senate.
The panic of 1857 resulted in
E) clamor for a higher tariff.
In ruling on the Dred Scott case, the United States Supreme Court
E) expected to lay to rest the issue of slavery in the territories.
. Abraham Lincoln opposed the Crittenden Compromise because
E) he had been elected on a platform that opposed the extension of slavery.
The central plank of the Know-Nothing party in the 1856 election was
E) nativism.
"Lame-duck" President James Buchanan believed that the Constitution
E) the Constitution did not authorize him to force southern states to stay in the Union.
James Buchanan won the Democratic nomination for the presidency in 1856 because he
E) was not associated with the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
Presidential candidates in the 1848 election included
Martin Van Buren, Lewis Cass, and Zachary Taylor
The man who opened Japan to the United States was
Matthew Perry
For a short time in the 1850s, an American seized control of
Nicaragua
The most brazen scheme for territorial expansion in the 1850s was expressed in the
Ostend Manifesto
Daniel Webster's famed Seventh of March speech in 1850 resulted in
a shift toward compromise in the North.
Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel Uncle Tom's Cabin
a) intended to show the cruelty of slavery
When the people of Britain and France read Uncle Tom's Cabin, their governments
a) realized that intervention in the Civil War on behalf
Stephen A. Douglas argued in his Freeport Doctrine during the Lincoln-Douglas debates that
b) action by territorial legislatures could keep slavery out of the territories
The Free Soilers condemned slavery
because it destroyed the chances of free white workers to rise to self-employment.
Southern delegates met at a convention in Nashville in the summer of 1850 to
condemn the compromises being worked out in Congress.
Most American leaders believed that the only way to keep the new Pacific Coast territories from breaking away from United States control was to
construct a transcontinental railroad.
Southerners insisted that the first transcontinental railroad should run through the Southwest because
construction would be less difficult there and the railroad would pass through already organized territory of the United States
As a result of reading Uncle Tom's Cabin, many northerners
d) swore that they would have nothing to do with the enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law
In the Compromise of 1850, Congress determined that slavery in the New Mexico and Utah territories was to be
decided by popular sovereignty.
In light of future evidence, it seems apparent that in the Compromise of 1850 the South made a tactical blunder by
demanding a strong fugitive-slave law.
The Fugitive Slave Law included all of the following provisions:
denial of a jury trial to runaway slaves; denial of fleeing slaves' right to testify on their own behalf; the penalty of imprisonment for northerners who helped slaves to escape; and a higher payment if officials determined blacks to be runaways.
President Zachary Taylor unknowingly helped the cause of compromise in 1850 when he
died suddenly and Millard Fillmore became president.
Uncle Tom's Cabin may be described as
e) a powerful political force
The Lecompton Constitution proposed that the state of Kansas
e) have black bondage regardless of whether the document was approved or not
Hinton R. Helper's book The Impending Crisis of the South argued that those who suffered most from slave labor were
e) non-slaveholding southern whites
After John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry, the South concluded that
e) the North was dominated by the "Brown-loving" Republicans
The impact of the Kansas-Nebraska Act was to
enrage the antislavery abolitionists, and lessen the prospects for future compromises between North and South
Harriet Tubman gained fame by
helping slaves to escape to Canada.
The public liked popular sovereignty because
it fit in with the democratic tradition of self-determination.
The election of 1852 was significant because
it marked the end of the Whig party.
Of those people going to California during the gold rush, a distressingly high proportion were
lawless men.
In his Seventh of March speech, Daniel Webster called for a
new, more stringent fugitive-slave law.
The United States' scheme to gain control of Cuba was stopped when
northern freesoilers fiercely protested the effort.
The key issue for the major parties in the 1848 presidential election was
personalities
Stephen A. Douglas proposed that the question of slavery in the Kansas- Nebraska Territory be decided by
popular sovereignty
The Wilmot Proviso, if adopted, would have
prohibited slavery in any territory acquired in the Mexican War
The Young Guard from the North were most interested in
purging and purifying the Union.
By 1850, the South was
relatively well off, politically and economically.
In the 1848 presidential election, the Democratic and Whig parties
remained silent on the issue of slavery.
Stephen A. Douglas's plans for deciding the slavery question in the Kansas- Nebraska scheme required
repeal of the Missouri Compromise
During the 1850s, slaves gained their freedom most frequently by
self- purchase.
In order to maintain the two great political parties as vital bonds of national unity, early nineteenth-century politicians avoided public discussion of
slavery
The fatal split in the Whig party in 1852 occurred over
slavery
The Free Soldiers argued that
slavery would cause more costly wage labor to wither away.
The debate over slavery in the Mexican Cession threatened to
split national politics along North-South lines
In 1848, the Free Soil party platform advocated all of the following:
support of the Wilmot Proviso; free government homesteads for settlers; opposition to slavery in the territories; and an end to slavery in the District of Columbia
Many northern states passed "personal liberty laws" in response to
the Compromise of 1850's provision regarding runaway slaves
In 1850, the South was deeply worried because
the Underground Railroad was carrying away hundreds of slaves each year and California sought admission as a free state
The most alarming aspect of the Compromise of 1850 to northerners was
the decision concerning the new Fugitive Slave Law.
The event that brought turmoil to the administration of Zachary Taylor was
the discovery of gold in California.
John C. Calhoun's plan to protect the South and slavery involved
the election of two presidents, one from the North and one from the South.
The United States' victory in the Mexican War resulted in renewed controversy over
the issue of extending slavery into the territories, a possible split in the Whig and Democrat parties over slavery, the cession by Mexico of an enormous amount of land to the United States, and a rush of settlers to new American territory in California
A southern route for the transcontinental railroad seemed the best because
the railroad would be easier to build in this area.
The consequences of the Kansas-Nebraska Act included
the splitting of the Democratic Party and demise of the Whig party
According to the principle of "popular sovereignty," the question of slavery in the territories would be determined by
the vote of the people in any given territory
During the debate of 1850, William H. Seward argued that
there was a "higher law" than the Constitution that compelled him to demand the exclusion of slavery from the territories.
The new Free Soil party in 1848 found major support from
those who favored high tariffs, had wanted all of Oregon up to the 54 40' line, condemned slavery as immoral, wanted to keep slavery out of the territories; and believed that slavery harmed white labor
One of Stephen Douglas's mistakes in proposing the Kansas-Nebraska Act was
underestimating the depth of northern opposition to the spread of slavery
For his position in his Seventh of March speech, Daniel Webster
was viciously condemned by abolitionists.
In his raid on Harpers Ferry, John Brown intended to
A) foment a slave rebellion.
President James Buchanan's decision on Kansas's Lecompton Constitution
A) hopelessly divided the Democratic party.
The Republicans lost the 1856 election in part because of
A) southern threats that a Republican victory would be a declaration of war.
Secessionists supported leaving the Union because
A) they were dismayed by the success of the Republican party. B) they believed that the North would not oppose their departure. C) the political balance seemed to be tipping against them. D) they were tired of abolitionist attacks. E) all of the above.
