Chapter 18 Review ?s
44. Who was Edward Bellamy? What did he believe in in regards to business?
Bellamy was a novelest, he believed competitive capitalism promoted waste, he proposed a state in which government owned the means of production, outlined this idea in Looking Backward (1888)
18.The 1894 Pullman strike was touched off by George Pullman's decision to
Pullman cut wages to maintain profits and he did not adjust the cost of rent on his housing complex or the cost of goods at his town stores
20.Who was arrested for the 1905 assassination of the ex-governor of Idaho but was later acquitted?
William "Big Bill" Haywood
38.What is a holding company? What do they do? How do they work?
a holding company owns part or total interest in a smaller or competing company
24.The assumption of leadership positions within the Women's Trade Union League by Agnes Nestor, Rose Schneiderman, and Mary Anderson was an indication that control of the union had shifted to
a more forceful and vocal working class woman
13.The Supreme Court's decision in Muller v. Oregon resulted in women being
barred from some occupations because they were potentially too dangerous for them
36. In the search for economic order and stability, many corporation managers of the late nineteenth century
began to create larger companies and form larger economic concentrations
31.Breakfast food was revolutionized in the late nineteenth century by the invention of
corn flakes and grape nuts
35. Corporations received broad judicial protection in the 1880s and 1890s when the Supreme Court ruled that
corporations like individuals were protected under the 14th Amendment
33.Why was the early twentieth century a transitional point with regard to women's fashions?
designers began to use less fabric and place more emphasis on comfort
40.One of the inconsistencies of those who believed in Social Darwinism was their
desire for the government to assist them with high tariffs and putting down strikes this goes against the ideas of survival of the fittest
3.The economic advantages available to large factories are known as
economies of scale
7.Before Ford Motor Company employees could receive the benefits of the Five-Dollar-Day plan, they had to
employees had to meet the company behavior policy/code
10.In practice the "freedom of contract" principle meant that
employers could set the pay as low as workers would accept
26.Between 1890 and 1910 the annual income of most American industrial workers
generally increased, but it did not keep pace with increases in the cost of living
43.What did Henry George, the author of Progress and Poverty (1879), claim?
he claimed a singe property tax based on the rise in property values caused by increased market demand, would prevent profiteering by land specualtors
8.Many employers cut wage costs in the late nineteenth century by
hiring women, children and minorities
46.What was the purpose of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act? What was it lacking?
it did not clearly define what constituted a "restraint of trade"
16.Results of the Haymarket bombing included: (fill in)
many people associated unions with foreign born radicals, people began to feel as if the law needed to act quickly to prevent social turmoil
42.In what ways did writers criticized the trusts?
many writers wrote in opposition of trusts, stating they were unnatural because they originated with greed
22.In the early 1900s, such established national unions as the AFL ....(fill in )
membership had grown to 1 million, no interest in recruiting unskilled laborers, did not recruit women at all, many male unionists did not believe women (or children) should be employed.
45. In which states (think region of the country rather than specific states) were laws passed against trusts and monopolies?
mostly the agricultural south and west
29.The widespread use of the flush toilet is an example of the
plumbing advances belong to the broader democratization of convenience that accompanied mass production and consumerism
6.American workers traditionally considered themselves producers, but during the late nineteenth century they became employees. How can you express the difference between the two terms (producers and employees)?
producers are paid for the quality of the good they make or produce, employees are paid on the basis of the time they spend on the job not necessarily on the final product
9.Why did the proportion of women working as sales clerks increase in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?
sales ons were attractive because they offered better work conditions than factory jobs
19.President Grover Cleveland responded to the 1894 Pullman strike by
sending in federal troops to squash the strike and support the company management
34.Advertising is necessary in a society in which
supply of goods is greater than demand for goods
41.What did tariffs in the late nineteenth century do?
tariffs kept prices of both foreign and domestic goods artificially high
25.The rate at which Americans consumed oranges in 1921 as compared to their 1899 consumption rate indicates that in the early twentieth century
technology had solved transportation and preservation issues of the fruit and that Americans were becoming more affluent overall
14.What conclusions may be drawn from the facts surrounding the general railway strike of 1877?
the companies seemed to recognize that if all else failed the federal government would step in to put down the strike
2. The development of the southern textile industry was aided by which of the following?
the introduction of the electric powered loom which made the northern textile factories obsolete
30. What as most important in making preserved, canned goods more available to consumers, even those who were remote from markets?
the invention of machines that could mass produce cans
1. Thomas Edison's contribution to the search for cheap and efficient indoor lighting was the
the light bulb and an efficient way to generate and distribute energy to power the light bulb and other electrical products
28. What factors explains why upward mobility was more accessible to people in the early 1900s than it had been in 1880?
the spread of public education
27.What is true of the growth of the American labor force between 1890 and 1920?
there was an increase in paid employment but not necessarily an increase in the proportion of Americans working
37.The main problem with pools was that
there was no legal war to enforce the "gentleman's agreement" that created the pool
39.What did advocates of Social Darwinism believe?
they believed wealth was a mark of well deserved power and responsibility, in an unconstrained economy, power and wealth would naturally flow to the most capable people
17.The American Federation of Labor wanted what?
they pressed for concrete goals: higher wages, shorter work hours, and the right to bargain collectively
15. What is true of the Knights of Labor under the leadership of Terence Powderly?
they sought to establish a cooperative society in which the workers owned the means of production
12. In Muller v. Oregon the Supreme Court
this case upheld the law limiting the working hours of women working in laundries
23.What is true of the Telephone Operators' Department of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers?
this union was dominated by women
5.Frederick W. Taylor's theory of scientific management expressed?
time and quality were measures of acceptable work, workers became just another interchangeable part of the assembly line
4.One of the effects of the work of Frederick W. Taylor was that ...
time, as much as quality, became a measure of acceptable work
11.In Holden v. Hardy the Supreme Court
upheld the law limiting the working hours of the miners because the work was so dangerous
32.What is true of the diet of American workers in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?
workers had to spend a high percentage of their income on food, almost half the breadwinners wages, they never suffered severe malnutrition like other nations
21. What are the beliefs of the Industrial Workers of the World?
workers should take over and run the nations industries