Chapter 19 Blood Vessels and Circulation

What do arteries do?

carry blood away from the heart elastic: transport blood away from heart (lg) muscular: transport blood to body through skeletal muscle and internal organs (md) arteriole, poor tunica externa

what do veins do?

carry blood to the heart large: superior inferior vena cava medium: thin tunica media venues: collect blood from capillary beds (small)

What is the first unpaired branch of the abdominal aorta? a. Common hepatic artery b. Splenic artery c. Superior mesenteric artery d. Celiac trunk

celiac trunk

Which of the following would have the greater effect on peripheral resistance? A) doubling the length of a blood vessel B) decreasing the diameter of a blood vessel by 1/2

decreasing the diameter of a blood vessel by 1/2

What is net filtration pressure?

difference between capillary hydrostatic pressure and blood colloid osmotic pressure NFP= CHP-BCOP

What is pulse pressure?

difference between systolic and diastolic pressure PP= SP-DP

If blood pressure doubled, the blood flow through a vessel would be A) 1/4 as much. B) halved. C) doubled. D) unchanged. E) 4 times greater.

doubled

Which of these is found in all blood vessels, regardless of type or size? a. Smooth muscle b. Internal elastic layer c. Endothelium d. Tunica adventitia

endothelium

Each of the following conditions would probably result in an elevation of angiotensin II in the blood of a normal adult, except A) vasoconstriction of the renal arteries. B) decreased cardiac output. C) decreased blood flow to the kidneys. D) increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system. E) essential hypertension.

essential hypertension

Which of the following vessels is NOT associated with the blood supply TO the brain? a. External carotid artery b. Internal carotid artery c. Vertebral artery d. Posterior cerebral artery

external carotid artery

What type of capillary filters blood in the kidneys? a. Continuous b. Fenestrated c. Sinusoid d. Collateral

fenestrated capillaries

The continual movement of fluid through the interstitial spaces functions in all of the following, except to A) help carry toxins and bacteria to cells of the immune system. B) assist the transport of insoluble substances that cannot enter the capillaries. C) flush hormones and wastes from the interstitial spaces. D) flush carbon dioxide from the interstitial spaces. E) accelerate the distribution of nutrients and hormones.

flush carbon dioxide from the interstitial spaces

What atrial pressure?

force by blood against walls of systemic arteries, much higher than venous

Compared to arteries, veins A) have a pleated endothelium. B) hold their shape better when cut. C) have thinner walls. D) have more smooth muscle in their tunica media. E) are more elastic.

have thinner walls

Which of the following is greater? A) heart rate during circulatory shock B) normal heart rate C) Neither is greater.

heart rate during circulatory shock

Each of the following will lead to a decrease in blood pressure except A) increased levels of aldosterone. B) activation of kinins. C) decrease in blood volume. D) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic factor). E) decreased peripheral resistance

increased levels of aldosterone

Anxiety can result in A) increased stimulation of the cardioaccelerator center by higher brain centers. B) decreased heart rate. C) increased stimulation of the cardioinhibitory center by higher brain centers. D) decreased blood pressure. E) both C and D

increased stimulation of the cardioaccelerator center by higher brain centers

Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the A) vessel constricts. B) level of oxygen at the tissue increases. C) pH rises. D) level of carbon dioxide at the tissue increases. E) both A and C

level of carbon dioxide at the tissue increases

What responds to the decrease in O2 and CO2 in blood flow?

local vasodilation

Blood flow through a capillary is regulated by the A) capillary plexus. B) arterial anastomosis. C) precapillary sphincter. D) vasa vasorum. E) central channel.

precapillary sphincter

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ______pressure. A) blood B) pulse C) mean arterial D) critical closing E) circulatory

pulse

Which of these occurs first in response to low blood pressure? a. Activation of angiotensin. b. Secretion of angiotensinogen. c. Release of renin from kidneys. d. Stimulation of aldosterone.

release of renin from kidneys

As blood travels from the aorta toward the capillaries, the A) flow increases. B) viscosity increases. C) resistance increases. D) diameter of the blood vessels increases. E) pressure increases.

resistance increases

What is total peripheral resistance?

resistance of the entire systemic circulatory system (depends on vascular resistance, viscosity, and turbulence)

What are the different blood capillaries?

sinusoidal: flat irregular, allow free exchange of H20 and solutes between slow moving interstitial fluid (LIVER, Bone) fenestrated: pores, permit exchange of H20 solutes (KIDNEYS) continuous: permit diffusion of h20 small solutes and lipids (throughout body)

Which of the following can result from an aneurysm in the brain? A) quadriplegia B) hypertension C) stroke D) myocardial infarction E) all of the above

stroke

Which part of the circulatory system holds most of the blood volume? a. Systemic capillaries b. Heart c. Pulmonary circuit d. Systemic veins

systemic veins

Which of the following contains the greater volume of blood? A) the normal blood volume of the venous system B) the normal blood volume of the arterial system C) Neither is greater.

the normal blood volume of the venous system

What is the systemic circuit?

transports blood to and from the rest of the body, contains upper and lower capillaries of limbs, systemic arteries and veins

What is the thickest or the most prominent layer in the wall of an artery? a. Tunica intima b. Tunica externa c. Tunica media

tunica media

What is causes opposition in blow flow?

turbulence

Compared with other vessels of the human vascular system, __ pressure is usually low. A) peripheral B) blood C) capillary hydrostatic D) venous E) none of the above

venous

What is aided by thoracic pressure changes due to breathing?

venous return

What is the resistance to blood flow?

viscosity

Which of the following blood pressures is greater? A) when the peripheral vessels constrict B) when the peripheral vessels dilate C) Neither is greater

when the peripheral vessels constrict

What provides long-term, continual regulation of blood volume and blood pressure by secreting renin and is the target of ADH and aldosterone activity?

Kidneys

What is MAP?

Mean Arterial Pressure (average pressure in arteries) MAP= DP +PP/3

Which of the following statements regarding blood vessels is FALSE. a. Arteries carry blood away from the heart. b. Veins carry blood to the heart. c. The aorta is a part of the pulmonary circuit. d. The aorta is a part of the systemic circuit.

The aorta is a part of the pulmonary circuit

Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning the movement of fluid between capillaries and interstitial space? A) Blood osmotic pressure moves fluid from the interstitial space to the capillary. B) The blood hydrostatic pressure and the blood osmotic pressure are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction. C) The hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial fluid does not oppose the movement of fluid from the capillary. D) Blood hydrostatic pressure forces fluid from the capillary to the interstitial space. E) The osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid is less than the blood osmotic pressure.

The blood hydrostatic pressure and the blood osmotic pressure are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction.

12. Which of the following statement is TRUE? a.The right subclavian artery gives rise to the right axillary artery. b.The right subclavian artery gives rise directly to the right brachial artery. c.The right subclavian artery gives rise directly to the ulnar artery d.The right subclavian artery gives rise directly to the dorsal

The right subclavian artery gives rise to the right axillary artery.

What is the cardiac output?

Volume of blood ejected by the heart in one minute: cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume

The secretion of ADH and aldosterone is typical of the body's long-term compensation following A) a heart attack. B) heavy exercise. C) hypertension. D) a serious hemorrhage. E) a heavy meal.

a serious hemorrhage

Symptoms of shock include all of the following, except A) hypotension. B) rapid, weak pulse. C) profuse sweating. D) acidosis. E) decreased urine formation.

acidosis

What detects changes in blood pressure?

baroreceptors

Reabsorption of water from interstitial fluid into capillaries is driven by __________. a. Interstitial fluid pressure b. Net filtration pressure c. Blood hydrostatic pressure d. Blood colloid osmotic pressure

blood colloid osmotic pressure

Arterial pressure is equal to A) blood pressure. B) venous pressure. C) capillary hydrostatic pressure. D) peripheral pressure. E) none of the above

blood pressure

Velocity (speed) of blood flow is slowest in and the fastest in?

capillaries vs arterioles

The following is a list of the vessels that blood passes through from the heart and back to the heart. 1. venules 2. arterioles 3. capillaries 4. elastic arteries 5. medium veins 6. large veins 7. muscular arteries The correct order in which blood passes through these structures from leaving the heart until its return is A) 2, 7, 6, 3, 1, 5, 6. B) 6, 5, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4. C) 7, 4, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6. D) 4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6. E) 5, 6, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4.

4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6.

When dehydration occurs, there is A) a recall of fluids. B) an increase in the blood colloidal osmotic pressure. C) accelerated reabsorption of water at the kidneys. D) A, B, and C E) none of the above

A,B, C

What is the venous return?

Amount of blood returning to the heart (R atrium)

what forces water out of a capillary?

CHP (capillary hydrostatic pressure) is greater than BCOP blood colloid osmotic pressure

What reabsorbs water into a capillary?

CHP(Capillary hydrostatic pressure) is less than BCOP Blood colloid osmotic pressure

Vasoconstriction and vasodilation affect the heart in what way? A) change in capillary flow B) change in peripheral blood pressure C) atrial kick D) change in afterload E) all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following affects blood flow through the body? A) turbulence B) vessel diameter C) resistance D) blood viscosity E) all of the above

all of the above

What is blood pressure directly proportional and the inverse to?

atria pressure and inverse to peripheral resistance

What allows peripheral vasodilation and reduction of ADH, release of Aldosterone/ E, NE?

atrial natriuretic and brain natriuretic peptides

What causes immediate local homeostatic response in blood flow?

autoregulation

What is the pulmonary circuit?

blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs, contains pulmonary arteries, veins, and capillaries in the long

Arteriosclerosis can lead to A) hypertension. B) tachycardia. C) coronary artery disease. D) both A and C E) all of the above

both A and C

11. What vessel gives rise to the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery? a. Ascending aorta b. Brachiocephalic trunk c. Aortic arch d. Thoracic aorta

brachiocephalic trunk

Janet has a tumor that causes her to secrete excess amounts of the hormone ADH. Because of the elevated level of hormone, she exhibits A) polycythemia. B) increased blood pressure. C) peripheral vasoconstriction. D) decreased blood volume. E) both B and C

increased blood pressure