Chapter 4, 5, and 6 Review Questions

Beta oxidation is ________. a. the breakdown of sugars b. the assembly of sugars c. the breakdown of fatty acids d. the removal of amino groups from amino acids

c. the breakdown of fatty acids

Which statement correctly describes carbon fixation? a. the conversion of CO2 to an organic compound b. the use of RuBisCO to form 3-PGA c. the production of carbohydrate molecules from G3P d. the formation of RuBP from G3P molecules e. the use of ATP and NADPH to reduce CO2

a. the conversion of CO2 to an organic compound

The energy currency used by cells is _____. a. ATP b. ADP c. AMP d. Adenosine

a. ATP

Which of the following is not true about enzymes? a. They are consumed by the reactions they catalyze. b. They are usually made of amino acids. c. They lower the activation energy of chemical reactions. d. Each one is specific to the particular substrate(s) to which it binds.

a. They are consumed by the reactions they catalyze

Which of the following fermentation methods can occur in animal skeletal muscles? a. lactic acid fermentation b. alcohol fermentation c. mixed acid fermentation d. propionic fermentation

a. lactic acid fermentation

The individual chromosomes become visible with a light microscope during which stage of mitosis? a. prophase b. prometaphase c. metaphase d. anaphase

a. prophase

Plants produce oxygen when they photosynthesize. Where does the oxygen come from? a. splitting water molecules b. ATP synthesis c. the electron transport chain d. chlorophyll

a. splitting water molecules

What two products result from photosynthesis? a. water and carbon dioxide b. water and oxygen c. glucose and oxygen d. glucose and carbon dioxide

c. glucose and oxygen

Which eukaryotic cell-cycle event is missing in binary fission? a. cell growth b. DNA duplication c. mitosis d. cytokinesis

c. mitosis

A gene that codes for a positive cell cycle regulator is called a(n) ________. a. kinase inhibitor b. tumor suppressor gene c. proto-oncogene d. oncogene

c. proto-oncogene

Where in plant cells does the Calvin cycle take place? a. thylakoid membrane b. thylakoid space c. stroma d. granum

c. stroma

What is the molecule that leaves the Calvin cycle to be converted into glucose? a. ADP b. G3P c. RuBP d. 3-PGA

b. G3P

Chromosomes are duplicated during what portion of the cell cycle? a. G1 phase b. S phase c. prophase d. prometaphase

b. S phase

What do the electrons added to NAD+ do? a. They become part of a fermentation pathway. b. They go to another pathway for ATP production. c. They energize the entry of the acetyl group into the citric acid cycle. d. They are converted into NADP.

b. They go to another pathway for ATP production

Which statement about thylakoids in eukaryotes is not correct? a. Thylakoids are assembled into stacks. b. Thylakoids exist as a maze of folded membranes. c. The space surrounding thylakoids is called stroma. d. Thylakoids contain chlorophyll.

b. Thylakoids exist as a maze of folded membranes

The cholesterol synthesized by cells uses which component of the glycolytic pathway as a starting point? a. glucose b. acetyl CoA c. pyruvate d. carbon dioxide

b. acetyl CoA

What is the energy of a photon first used to do in photosynthesis? a. split a water molecule b. energize an electron c. produce ATP d. synthesize glucose

b. energize an electron

An organism's traits are determined by the specific combination of inherited ________. a. cells b. genes c. proteins d. chromatids

b. genes

Which color(s) of light does chlorophyll a reflect? a. red and blue b. green c. red d. blue

b. green

What is necessary for a cell to pass the G2 checkpoint? a. cell has reached a sufficient size b. an adequate stockpile of nucleotides c. accurate and complete DNA replication d. proper attachment of mitotic spindle fibers to kinetochores

c. accurate and complete DNA replication

Separation of the sister chromatids is a characteristic of which stage of mitosis? a. prometaphase b. metaphase c. anaphase d. telophase

c. anaphase

Which molecule absorbs the energy of a photon in photosynthesis? a. ATP b. glucose c. chlorophyll d. water

c. chlorophyll

From where does a heterotroph directly obtain its energy? a. the sun b. the sun and eating other organisms c. eating other organisms d. simple chemicals in the environment

c. eating other organisms

________ are changes to the nucleotides in a segment of DNA that codes for a protein. a. Proto-oncogenes b. Tumor suppressor genes c. Gene mutations d. Negative regulators

c. gene mutations

Energy is stored long-term in the bonds of _____ and used short-term to perform work from a(n) _____ molecule. a. ATP : glucose b. an anabolic molecule : catabolic molecule c. glucose : ATP d. a catabolic molecule : anabolic molecule

c. glucose : ATP

Chemiosmosis involves a. the movement of electrons across the cell membrane b. the movement of hydrogen atoms across a mitochondrial membrane c. the movement of hydrogen ions across a mitochondrial membrane d. the movement of glucose through the cell membrane

c. the movement of hydrogen ions across a mitochondrial membrane

A diploid cell has ________ the number of chromosomes as a haploid cell. a. one-fourth b. one-half c. twice d. four times

c. twice

Which of the following is not an example of an energy transformation? a. Heating up dinner in a microwave b. Solar panels at work c. Formation of static electricity d. None of the above

d. None of the above

The glucose that enters the glycolysis pathway is split into two molecules of _________. a. ATP b. phosphate c. NADH d. pyruvate

d. pyruvate

FtsZ proteins direct the formation of a ________ that will eventually form the new cell walls of the daughter cells. a. contractile ring b. cell plate c. cytoskeleton d. septum

d. septum