chapter 5

grid computing

a collection of computers, often geographically dispersed, that are coordinated to solve a common problem.

network

a communications system created by linking two or more devices and establishing a standard methodology in which they can communicate

client

a computer designed to request information from a server

data center

a facility used to house management information systems and associated components, such as telecommunications and storage systems.

enterprise architect

a person grounded in technology, fluent in business, and able to provide the important bridge between MIS and the business.

hot site

a separate and fully equipped facility where the company can move immediately after a disaster and resume business.

cold site

a separate facility that does not have any computer equipment but is a place where employees can move after a disaster.

warm site

a separate facility with computer equipment that requires installation and configuration.

emergency

a sudden, unexpected event requiring immediate action due to potential threat to health and safety, the environment, or property

vulernability

a system weakness, such as a password that is never changed or a system left on while an employee goes to lunch, that can be exploited by a threat

cloud fabric controller

an individual who monitors and provisions cloud resources, similar to a server administrator at an individual company

emergency notification service

an infrastructure built for notifying people in the event of an emergency.

web accessibility initiative (WAI)

brings together people from industry, disability organizations, government, and research labs from around the world to develop guidelines and resources to help make the web accessible to people with disabilities, including auditory, cognitive, neurological, physical, speech, and visual disabilities

green personal computer (green PC)

built using environment-friendly materials and designed to save energy. Building sustainable MIS infrastructures is a core initiative and critical success factor for socially responsible corporations.

three pressures driving sustainable MIS infrastructures

carbon emissions, energy consumption, and ewaste

agile MIS infrastructure supports

change

disaster recovery cost curve

charts (1) the cost to the company of the unavailability of information and technology and (2) the cost to the company of recovering from a disaster over time

storage virtualization

combines multiple network storage devices so they appear to be a single storage device.

network virtualization

combines networks by splitting the available bandwidth into independent channels that can be assigned in real time to a specific device.

server virtualization

combines the physical resources, such as servers, processors, and operating systems, from the applications. (This is the most common form and typically when you hear the term virtualization, you can assume server virtualization.)

corporate social responsibiility

companies' acknowledged responsibility to society.

server

computer dedicated to providing information in response to requests.

hardware

consists of the physical devices associated with a computer system,

incident record

contains all of the details of an inciden

virtualization

creates multiple virtual machines on a single computing device

software as a service

delivers applications over the cloud using a pay-per-use revenue model. Before its introduction, companies often spent huge amounts of money implementing and customizing specialized applications to satisfy their business requirements.

smart grid

delivers electricity using two-way digital technology

infrastructure as a service (laaS)

delivers hardware networking capabilities, including the use of servers,

Information MIS infrastructure

dentifies where and how important information, such as customer records, is maintained and secured.

scalability

describes how well a system can scale up, or adapt to the increased demands of growth. If a company grows faster than anticipated, it might experience a variety of problems, from running out of storage space to taking more time to complete transactions

sustainable or green MIS

describes the production, management, use, and disposal of technology in a way that minimizes damage to the environment.

business continuity planning (BCP)

details how a company recovers and restores critical business operations and systems after a disaster or extended disruption

capacity planning

determines future environmental infrastructure requirements to ensure high-quality system performance.

emergency preparedness

ensures that a company is ready to respond to an emergency in an organized, timely, and effective manner.

reliability or accuracy

ensures that a system is functioning correctly and providing accurate information

technology recovery strategies

focus specifically on prioritizing the order for restoring hardware, software, and data across the organization that best meets business recovery requirements. A technology recovery strategy details the order of importance for recovering hardware, software, data centers, and networking (or connectivity)

sustainable MIS infrastructure components

grid computing, virtualization, cloud computing

serviceability

how quickly a third party can change a system to ensure it meets user needs and the terms of any contracts, including agreed levels of reliability, maintainability, or availability.

business impact analysis

identifies all critical business functions and the effect that a specific disaster may have on them

sustainable MIS infrastructure

identifies ways that a company can grow in terms of computing resources while simultaneously becoming less dependent on hardware and energy consumption.

agile MIS infrastructure

includes the hardware, software, and telecommunications equipment that, when combined, provides the underlying foundation to support the organization's goals.

MIS infrastructure

includes the plans for how a firm will build, deploy, use, and share its data, processes, and MIS assets.

hybrid cloud

includes two or more private, public, or community clouds, but each cloud remains separate and is only linked by technology that enables data and application portabilit

carbon emissions

including the carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide produced by business processes and systems, are not reduced.

backup

is an exact copy of a system's information

recovery

is the ability to get a system up and running in the event of a system crash or failure that includes restoring the information backup.

web accessibility

means that people with disabilities, can use the web

performance

measures how quickly a system performs a process or transaction.

high availability

occurs when a system is continuously operational at all times

technology failure

occurs when the ability of a company to operate is impaired because of a hardware, software, or data outage.

failback

occurs when the primary machine recovers and resumes operations, taking over from the secondary server.

disaster recovery as a service (DRaaS)

offers backup services that use cloud resources to protect applications and data from disruption caused by disaster.

Information MIS infrastructure supports

operations

administrator access

or unrestricted access to the entire system. Administrator access can perform functions such as resetting passwords, deleting accounts, and shutting down entire systems.

public cloud

promotes massive, global, and industrywide applications offered to the general public

ewaste

refers to discarded, obsolete, or broken electronic devices.

maintainability or flexibility

refers to how quickly a system can transform to support environmental changes. Maintainability helps to measure how quickly and effectively a system can be changed or repaired after a failure.

portability

refers to the ability of an application to operate on different devices or software platforms, such as different operating systems.

sustainable MIS disposal

refers to the safe disposal of MIS assets at the end of their life cycle.

availablity

refers to the time frames when the system is operational

accessibility

refers to the varying levels that define what a user can access, view, or perform when operating a system

capacity

represents the maximum throughput a system can deliver; for example, the capacity of a hard drive represents its size or volum

upcycle

reuses or refurbishes ewaste and creates a new product.

community cloud

serves a specific community with common business models, security requirements, and compliance considerations.

private cloud

serves only one customer or organization and can be located on the customer's premises or off the customer's premises.

failover

specific type of fault tolerance, occurs when a redundant storage server offers an exact replica of the real-time data, and if the primary server crashes, the users are automatically directed to the secondary server or backup server

cloud computing

stores, manages, and processes data and applications over the Internet rather than on a personal computer or server.

clean computing

subset of sustainable MIS, refers to the environmentally responsible use, manufacture, and disposal of technology products and computer equipment

platform as a service (PaaS)

supports the deployment of entire systems, including hardware, networking, and applications, using a pay-per-use revenue model

sustainable infrastucture supports

sustainability

fault tolerance

the ability for a system to respond to unexpected failures or system crashes as the backup syste

energy consumption

the amount of energy consumed by business processes and systems

multi tenancy

the cloud means that a single instance of a system serves multiple customers

usability

the degree to which a system is easy to learn and efficient and satisfying to use

incident management

the process responsible for managing how incidents are identified and corrected

software

the set of instructions the hardware executes to carry out specific tasks

cloud fabric

the software that makes possible the benefits of cloud computing, such as multi-tenancy

incidents

unplanned interruption of a service

cloud bursting

when a company uses its own computing infrastructure for normal usage and accesses the cloud when it needs to scale for peak load requirements, ensuring that a sudden spike in usage does not result in poor performance or system crashes.

unavailable

when it is not operating and cannot be used.

single tenancy

which each customer or tenant must purchase and maintain an individual system

disaster recovery plan

which is a detailed process for recovering information or a system in the event of a catastrophic disaster

dynamic scaling

which means the MIS infrastructure can be automatically scaled up or down based on requirements.

moores law

which refers to the computer chip performance per dollar doubling every 18 months.

three primary elements of info infrastructure

Backup and recovery plan Disaster recovery plan Business continuity plan

MIS infrastructures

Info, Operations, Agile