Chapter 6
the two main components of long-term memory are ____ memory, which consists of our semantic and episodic memories, and ____ memory, which consists of our procedural memories, classical conditioning, and priming.
explicit; implicit
When Don was an undergraduate many years ago, his physics professor shot a flaming arrow across the lecture hall to illustrate a physics theory. Because Don vividly remembers the theory today, this is an example of _____.
imagery
Dr. Wiley asks students to look at real-world problems related to political science, instead of reading and studying textbooks and note cards with definitions. This is because Dr. Wiley is familiar with the research on memory and understands that
memory we can connect to knowledge we already have is recalled better.
Before using memory processes, you must first ____ the information you are about to study.
organizing
____ attention involves focusing on a specific aspect of experience while ignoring other stimuli.
selective
The three stages of memory in the Atkinson-Shiffrin theory are ____ memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.
sensory
You are driving down the highway and see a billboard with a phone number on it. You tell yourself to remember it, but after you drive a little farther, you find you've forgotten it. This describes the limitations of ____-____ memory.
short-term
_____ memory is a limited-capacity memory system in which information is usually retained for less than a minute unless strategies are used to retain it longer.
short-term
Select all of the following that are considered tips for organizing for memory processes.
Review notes that you are preparing to memorize. Organize the material in a way that will allow you to memorize.
____ amnesia occurs when you cannot remember what happened AFTER you fell down and hit your head.
anterograde
H. M. could not remember things that happened after surgery to remove his hippocampus. This is an example of _____.
anterograde amnesia
Which theory states that the passage of time always increases forgetting?
decay
____ theory states that the passage of time always increases forgetting.
decay
Generally speaking, the more ____ the processing, the better memory will be; deep processing is a powerful way to remember information.
elaborate
According to levels of processing, the process of _____ involves three levels.
encoding
The fact that most people aren't able to select the correct picture of a penny out of several variations provides a strong example of ____ failure.
encoding
The initial recording of information into memory is called ____.
encoding
____ failure occurs when the information has never entered into long-term memory.
encoding
The fact that most people aren't able to select the correct picture of a penny out of several variations provides a strong example of _____.
encoding failure
The two main components of long-term memory are _____ memory, which consists of our semantic and episodic memories, and _____ memory, which consists of our procedural memories, classical conditioning, and priming.
explicit; implicit
True or false: There are five levels of processing in the encoding process.
false
Hermann Ebbinghaus was the first person to conduct scientific research on ____.
forgetting
Hermann Ebbinghaus was the first person to conduct scientific research on _____.
forgetting
In order to remember the way to the library, Kareem created a mental picture of all of the things he sees on his usual route. Kareem used mental ____ to remember the necessary route.
imagery
____ theory states that people forget not because memories are lost from storage but because other information gets in the way of what they want to remember.
interference
Dr. Quincy loves to have students in her Abnormal Psychology class work with case studies and reflect upon diagnostic questions, instead of reading and studying material. This is because Dr. Quincy is familiar with the research on memory and understands that _____.
memory of material is better when we think deeply and connect new information with information we already have
Encoding failure occurs when the information was _____.
never entered into long-term memory
Memory is defined as the _____.
retention of information or experience over time
Marisol is reading her textbook while ignoring the argument her younger siblings are having in the same room. Marisol's situation is a good example of _____.
selective attention
When you stand outside on a spring day, you smell flowers, see the sun, and feel the breeze. What type of memory is initially collecting all this information?
sensory
You are at a concert, you hear the orchestra rehearsing, feel the velvet seat you are on, and smell the perfume of the woman in front of you. The best description of this is ____ memory.
sensory
Interference occurs when _____.
the instructor keeps talking as you are trying to write down what she just said
The Atkinson-Shiffrin theory of memory proposed that there are _____ systems in memory.
three
Which of the following involves grouping information into higher-order units that can be remembered as single units?
chunking
____ involves grouping information into higher-order units that can be remembered as single units.
chunking
Which of the following are true regarding the effect of elaboration on encoding? (Select all that apply.)
Retrieval paths are created. The material is easier to remember.
Select all of the following that are considered tips for organizing for memory processes.
Review notes that you are preparing to memorize. Organize the material in a way that will allow you to memorize. Experiment with different organizational techniques.
