Chapter 6 Anatomy - Skeletal System
Which two features make up the hinge joint at the elbow?
trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna
Which facial bone articulates with the frontal bone and the maxilla to complete the lateral wall of the orbit?
zygomatic bone
A movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane is
abduction
The depression that receives the head of the femur is the
acetabulum
A movement toward the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane is termed
adduction
Pads of ________ are often found around the edges of diarthrotic joints to provide protection for the articular cartilages
adipose tissue
Which joint type can perform rotation movements?
ball and socket
Which of the following primary functions of the skeletal system applies to the role of bone marrow?
blood cell production
Red bone marrow functions in the formation of
blood cells
What is defined as a small packet of connective tissue containing synovial fluid, which reduces friction in a joint and acts as a shock absorber?
bursa
The process of depositing calcium salts into a tissue other than bone is called ________.
calcification
Small channels, called ________, radiate through the matrix of bone.
canaliculi
The bones of the wrist form the
carpus
The atlas is classified as a ________ vertebra.
cervical
Moving the arm in a loop is an example of which angular movement?
circumduction
The pectoral girdle consists of the
clavicle and scapula
Which type of synovial joint is described as an oval articular face nestling within a depression on the opposing surface?
condylar
The smooth, rounded, or oval articular process of a bone is termed a
condyle
Osseous tissue is classified as which of the following?
connective tissue
The frontal and parietal bones articulate at the ________ suture
coronal
Which feature is the attachment point for the temporalis muscle, a powerful muscle that closes the jaw?
coronoid process
True ribs are directly connected to the sternum by ________
costal cartilages
Which of the following is a function of synovial fluid?
decrease friction within joint
The C1 vertebra forms a pivot joint with the C2 vertebra through a projection called the
dens
The hormone calcitonin functions to
depress calcium levels in body fluids
The shaft of a long bone is called the
diaphysis
The presence of an epiphyseal line indicates
epiphyseal growth has ended.
Which of the following bones contain the cribriform foramina?
ethmoid
Typical movements at a hinge joint include
extension and flexion
Ribs that have no connection to the sternum are called ________
floating ribs
The areas of fibrous connective tissue that exist between cranial bones at birth are called
fontanels
The coronal suture is the boundary between which bones?
frontal and parietal
A joint with flattened or slightly curved articulating surfaces is called a ________ joint
gliding
The joints between the phalanges are classified as
hinges
The bones of the pelvis
include portions of both axial and appendicular elements
Which of the following is an example of the skeletal system's primary function of providing structural support?
individual bones provide a framework for the attachment of soft tissues and organs.
The paired ________ form(s) the lateral walls of the nasal cavity, and function(s) in slowing airflow and deflecting inhaled air toward the olfactory receptors
inferior nasal conchae
Which coxal bone feature supports the body's weight when one is sitting?
ischial tuberosity
The structure that surrounds a diarthrotic joint is called a
joint capsule
Which suture connects the occipital bone to the parietal bones?
lambdoid
Narrow sheets of calcified matrix are referred to as
lamellae
Found outside or inside a joint capsule, structures that join bone to bone are called
ligaments
The paranasal sinuses function in
lightening the skull and providing an extensive area of mucous epithelium
Which of the following curves develops as a child begins to stand and walk?
lumbar
Regulatory functions of the skeletal system include
maintaining the normal concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions in body fluids
The bone that makes up the lower jaw is the
mandible
The maxillary bones articulate with all other facial bones except the _______
mandible
Which of the following is formed via intramembranous ossification?
mandible
The clavicle articulates with the
manubrium
The point of attachment for muscles that extend and rotate the head is the
mastoid process
Humans have ________ pairs of ribs
12
The appendicular skeleton contains ________ bones.
126
Considering the bony structure of the palate, a cleft palate is a malformation of which bone?
maxillary
Bones of the skull that articulate with the nasal bones include (the)
maxillary bone
Which is the anatomical term for a passageway through a bone?
meatus
The bones that form the palms of the hands are the
metacarpals
The primary function of ________ is exemplified when bones function as levers.
movement
The inferior margin of the vomer articulates with which bone(s)?
palatine bones
The connective tissue covering the outer surface of a bone is (the)
periosteum
Which feature of the ethmoid bone contributes to the nasal septum?
perpendicular plate
A crest on a bone is defined as a
prominent ridge
In anatomical position, when the palm is moved to face posteriorly, the movement of the wrist and hand is called
pronation
The ulnar structure involved in articulation at the proximal radio-ulnar joint includes the
radial notch
Which structural feature of the upper limb marks the attachment site of the biceps brachii muscle, a flexor of the forearm?
radial tuberosity
Choose the distinctive feature of lumbar vertebrae.
relatively massive, stumpy spinous process that projects posteriorly
A compound fracture
results in bone projecting through the skin
Which of the following is part of the axial skeleton?
ribs
Which feature is an important landmark in females during pelvic examinations, and during labor and delivery?
sacral promontory
Which of the following is a carpal bone? scaphoid navicular cuneiform talus calcaneus
scaphoid
An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is termed
scoliosis
The pituitary gland is located in the
sella turcica
Tarsal bones are classified as ________ bones
short
The vertebral arches contribute structurally to surround and protect the
spinal cord
The suture that forms the articulation of the parietal bone with the temporal bone is the ________ suture.
squamous
The jugular notch is a structural feature of the
sternum
Near the external auditory meatus, the long, sharp process called the ________ process is an attachment site for ligaments that support the hyoid bone.
styloid
Most of the anterior surface of the scapula is formed by the
subscapular fossa
Which structural feature of the humerus is a common fracture site?
surgical neck
Skull bones are joined by tight connections called
sutures
Which of the following joints permits slight movement?
syndesmosis
What bone glides over the smooth anterior surface, between the lateral and medial condyles?
the patella
Which of the following is part of the appendicular skeleton?
the scapula
Costal facets are distinctive features of ________ vertebrae
thoracic
The primary curves of the vertebral column are the
thoracic and sacral
The patellar ligament connects the patella to the ________ just below the knee joint
tibial tuberosity
Spongy bone is made up of a network of bony rods or plates called
trabeculae
The typical vertebra's ________, projecting laterally or dorsolaterally from the pedicles, serves as a site for muscle attachment
transverse process
The ribs articulate with the
transverse processes of the vertebrae
Rickets is a condition marked by a softening and bending of bones that occurs in growing children, as a result of ________ deficiency.
vitamin D3
The bony portion of the nasal septum includes which of the following?
vomer and ethmoid
In the skeletal system, compact bone is usually located
where stresses come from a limited range of directions
The most inferior portion of the sternum is called the
xiphoid process
Which of the following is most likely to be damaged during CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation)?
xiphoid process
Paranasal sinuses are located within which of the following bones? (1) frontal bone (2) sphenoid (3) ethmoid (4) maxilla (5) nasal bone
1, 2, 3, 4
A twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole inward is termed
inversion
The bones of the limbs are classified as
long bones
The bony compartment that supports the brain is called the ________
cranium
Movement in the anterior-posterior plane that decreases the angle between articulating bones is which movement?
flexion
Dorsiflexion involves ________ at the ankle joint and ________ of the foot
flexion; elevation of the sole
Which maxillary region feature serves as an opening for a major sensory nerve from the face?
infra-orbital foramen
Ribs that are connected to the sternum by separate cartilaginous extensions are called ________ ribs.
true
The following are major steps in the process of endochondral ossification: 1. Bone forms at the diaphysis surface. 2. Secondary ossification centers form in the epiphyses. 3. Chondrocytes enlarge and calcify. 4. Osteoclasts create a marrow cavity. 5. Blood vessels invade the inner cartilage and new osteoblasts form spongy bone at a primary ossification center. The correct order for these events is
3, 1, 5, 4, 2.
The coccyx is typically composed of ________ fused vertebrae
3-5
The vertebral column contains ________ lumbar vertebrae
5
The vertebral column contains ________ cervical vertebrae
7
Which of the following occurs in intramembranous ossification?
Fibrous connective tissue is converted to bone tissue, which first resembles spongy bone.
What is the function of the sphenoid bone?
It acts like a bridge uniting the cranial and facial bones
What maintains a normal bone structure by recycling the calcium salts in the bony matrix around themselves?
Osteocytes
What provides passageways for linking the blood vessels of the central canals with those of the periosteum and the marrow cavity?
Perforating canals
Which bone serves as a base for muscles associated with the larynx, tongue, and pharynx?
The hyoid bone
The presence of ________ strongly indicates that the long bone is still growing.
an epiphyseal plate
The anterior connection between the two pubic bones is
an example of a symphysis
An increase in the diameter of growing bone is termed ______ growth.
appositional
Which of the following is an example of a synchondrosis?
articulation between the diaphysis and epiphysis in a growing long bone
Bones encased within the temporal bone that are involved in sound detection are called
auditory ossicles
The occipital bone articulates with the first cervical vertebra at the ________
occipital condyles
The special movement of the thumb that allows it to grasp an object and hold onto it is called
opposition
During the process of ________, an existing tissue is replaced with bone.
ossification
Immature, active bone cells that produce new bone matrix are termed
osteoblasts
Bone cells capable of dissolving the bony matrix are termed
osteoclasts
Which of the following is found only in compact bone?
osteons
Functions of the curves of the vertebral column include which of the following?
aligns the body's weight in line with the body axis
One role of the fontanels is to
allow for the change in shape of the skull during childbirth
Which of the following accounts for almost two-thirds of the mass of bone tissue?
calcium phosphate
Fibrous cartilage discs that act as shock absorbers in joints are called
menisci
Which cell populations are particularly sensitive to changes in calcium ion concentration?
neurons and muscle cells
The posterior surface of the bony roof of the mouth is formed by the
palatine bones
Two hormones that work together to elevate calcium levels in the body are ________ and ________.
parathyroid hormone; calcitriol
On the posterior aspect of the femur, the ________ marks the attachment of powerful muscles that adduct the femur.
linea aspera
