Chapter 6 Anatomy - Skeletal System

Which two features make up the hinge joint at the elbow?

trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna

Which facial bone articulates with the frontal bone and the maxilla to complete the lateral wall of the orbit?

zygomatic bone

A movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane is

abduction

The depression that receives the head of the femur is the

acetabulum

A movement toward the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane is termed

adduction

Pads of ________ are often found around the edges of diarthrotic joints to provide protection for the articular cartilages

adipose tissue

Which joint type can perform rotation movements?

ball and socket

Which of the following primary functions of the skeletal system applies to the role of bone marrow?

blood cell production

Red bone marrow functions in the formation of

blood cells

What is defined as a small packet of connective tissue containing synovial fluid, which reduces friction in a joint and acts as a shock absorber?

bursa

The process of depositing calcium salts into a tissue other than bone is called ________.

calcification

Small channels, called ________, radiate through the matrix of bone.

canaliculi

The bones of the wrist form the

carpus

The atlas is classified as a ________ vertebra.

cervical

Moving the arm in a loop is an example of which angular movement?

circumduction

The pectoral girdle consists of the

clavicle and scapula

Which type of synovial joint is described as an oval articular face nestling within a depression on the opposing surface?

condylar

The smooth, rounded, or oval articular process of a bone is termed a

condyle

Osseous tissue is classified as which of the following?

connective tissue

The frontal and parietal bones articulate at the ________ suture

coronal

Which feature is the attachment point for the temporalis muscle, a powerful muscle that closes the jaw?

coronoid process

True ribs are directly connected to the sternum by ________

costal cartilages

Which of the following is a function of synovial fluid?

decrease friction within joint

The C1 vertebra forms a pivot joint with the C2 vertebra through a projection called the

dens

The hormone calcitonin functions to

depress calcium levels in body fluids

The shaft of a long bone is called the

diaphysis

The presence of an epiphyseal line indicates

epiphyseal growth has ended.

Which of the following bones contain the cribriform foramina?

ethmoid

Typical movements at a hinge joint include

extension and flexion

Ribs that have no connection to the sternum are called ________

floating ribs

The areas of fibrous connective tissue that exist between cranial bones at birth are called

fontanels

The coronal suture is the boundary between which bones?

frontal and parietal

A joint with flattened or slightly curved articulating surfaces is called a ________ joint

gliding

The joints between the phalanges are classified as

hinges

The bones of the pelvis

include portions of both axial and appendicular elements

Which of the following is an example of the skeletal system's primary function of providing structural support?

individual bones provide a framework for the attachment of soft tissues and organs.

The paired ________ form(s) the lateral walls of the nasal cavity, and function(s) in slowing airflow and deflecting inhaled air toward the olfactory receptors

inferior nasal conchae

Which coxal bone feature supports the body's weight when one is sitting?

ischial tuberosity

The structure that surrounds a diarthrotic joint is called a

joint capsule

Which suture connects the occipital bone to the parietal bones?

lambdoid

Narrow sheets of calcified matrix are referred to as

lamellae

Found outside or inside a joint capsule, structures that join bone to bone are called

ligaments

The paranasal sinuses function in

lightening the skull and providing an extensive area of mucous epithelium

Which of the following curves develops as a child begins to stand and walk?

lumbar

Regulatory functions of the skeletal system include

maintaining the normal concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions in body fluids

The bone that makes up the lower jaw is the

mandible

The maxillary bones articulate with all other facial bones except the _______

mandible

Which of the following is formed via intramembranous ossification?

mandible

The clavicle articulates with the

manubrium

The point of attachment for muscles that extend and rotate the head is the

mastoid process

Humans have ________ pairs of ribs

12

The appendicular skeleton contains ________ bones.

126

Considering the bony structure of the palate, a cleft palate is a malformation of which bone?

maxillary

Bones of the skull that articulate with the nasal bones include (the)

maxillary bone

Which is the anatomical term for a passageway through a bone?

meatus

The bones that form the palms of the hands are the

metacarpals

The primary function of ________ is exemplified when bones function as levers.

movement

The inferior margin of the vomer articulates with which bone(s)?

palatine bones

The connective tissue covering the outer surface of a bone is (the)

periosteum

Which feature of the ethmoid bone contributes to the nasal septum?

perpendicular plate

A crest on a bone is defined as a

prominent ridge

In anatomical position, when the palm is moved to face posteriorly, the movement of the wrist and hand is called

pronation

The ulnar structure involved in articulation at the proximal radio-ulnar joint includes the

radial notch

Which structural feature of the upper limb marks the attachment site of the biceps brachii muscle, a flexor of the forearm?

radial tuberosity

Choose the distinctive feature of lumbar vertebrae.

relatively massive, stumpy spinous process that projects posteriorly

A compound fracture

results in bone projecting through the skin

Which of the following is part of the axial skeleton?

ribs

Which feature is an important landmark in females during pelvic examinations, and during labor and delivery?

sacral promontory

Which of the following is a carpal bone? scaphoid navicular cuneiform talus calcaneus

scaphoid

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is termed

scoliosis

The pituitary gland is located in the

sella turcica

Tarsal bones are classified as ________ bones

short

The vertebral arches contribute structurally to surround and protect the

spinal cord

The suture that forms the articulation of the parietal bone with the temporal bone is the ________ suture.

squamous

The jugular notch is a structural feature of the

sternum

Near the external auditory meatus, the long, sharp process called the ________ process is an attachment site for ligaments that support the hyoid bone.

styloid

Most of the anterior surface of the scapula is formed by the

subscapular fossa

Which structural feature of the humerus is a common fracture site?

surgical neck

Skull bones are joined by tight connections called

sutures

Which of the following joints permits slight movement?

syndesmosis

What bone glides over the smooth anterior surface, between the lateral and medial condyles?

the patella

Which of the following is part of the appendicular skeleton?

the scapula

Costal facets are distinctive features of ________ vertebrae

thoracic

The primary curves of the vertebral column are the

thoracic and sacral

The patellar ligament connects the patella to the ________ just below the knee joint

tibial tuberosity

Spongy bone is made up of a network of bony rods or plates called

trabeculae

The typical vertebra's ________, projecting laterally or dorsolaterally from the pedicles, serves as a site for muscle attachment

transverse process

The ribs articulate with the

transverse processes of the vertebrae

Rickets is a condition marked by a softening and bending of bones that occurs in growing children, as a result of ________ deficiency.

vitamin D3

The bony portion of the nasal septum includes which of the following?

vomer and ethmoid

In the skeletal system, compact bone is usually located

where stresses come from a limited range of directions

The most inferior portion of the sternum is called the

xiphoid process

Which of the following is most likely to be damaged during CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation)?

xiphoid process

Paranasal sinuses are located within which of the following bones? (1) frontal bone (2) sphenoid (3) ethmoid (4) maxilla (5) nasal bone

1, 2, 3, 4

A twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole inward is termed

inversion

The bones of the limbs are classified as

long bones

The bony compartment that supports the brain is called the ________

cranium

Movement in the anterior-posterior plane that decreases the angle between articulating bones is which movement?

flexion

Dorsiflexion involves ________ at the ankle joint and ________ of the foot

flexion; elevation of the sole

Which maxillary region feature serves as an opening for a major sensory nerve from the face?

infra-orbital foramen

Ribs that are connected to the sternum by separate cartilaginous extensions are called ________ ribs.

true

The following are major steps in the process of endochondral ossification: 1. Bone forms at the diaphysis surface. 2. Secondary ossification centers form in the epiphyses. 3. Chondrocytes enlarge and calcify. 4. Osteoclasts create a marrow cavity. 5. Blood vessels invade the inner cartilage and new osteoblasts form spongy bone at a primary ossification center. The correct order for these events is

3, 1, 5, 4, 2.

The coccyx is typically composed of ________ fused vertebrae

3-5

The vertebral column contains ________ lumbar vertebrae

5

The vertebral column contains ________ cervical vertebrae

7

Which of the following occurs in intramembranous ossification?

Fibrous connective tissue is converted to bone tissue, which first resembles spongy bone.

What is the function of the sphenoid bone?

It acts like a bridge uniting the cranial and facial bones

What maintains a normal bone structure by recycling the calcium salts in the bony matrix around themselves?

Osteocytes

What provides passageways for linking the blood vessels of the central canals with those of the periosteum and the marrow cavity?

Perforating canals

Which bone serves as a base for muscles associated with the larynx, tongue, and pharynx?

The hyoid bone

The presence of ________ strongly indicates that the long bone is still growing.

an epiphyseal plate

The anterior connection between the two pubic bones is

an example of a symphysis

An increase in the diameter of growing bone is termed ______ growth.

appositional

Which of the following is an example of a synchondrosis?

articulation between the diaphysis and epiphysis in a growing long bone

Bones encased within the temporal bone that are involved in sound detection are called

auditory ossicles

The occipital bone articulates with the first cervical vertebra at the ________

occipital condyles

The special movement of the thumb that allows it to grasp an object and hold onto it is called

opposition

During the process of ________, an existing tissue is replaced with bone.

ossification

Immature, active bone cells that produce new bone matrix are termed

osteoblasts

Bone cells capable of dissolving the bony matrix are termed

osteoclasts

Which of the following is found only in compact bone?

osteons

Functions of the curves of the vertebral column include which of the following?

aligns the body's weight in line with the body axis

One role of the fontanels is to

allow for the change in shape of the skull during childbirth

Which of the following accounts for almost two-thirds of the mass of bone tissue?

calcium phosphate

Fibrous cartilage discs that act as shock absorbers in joints are called

menisci

Which cell populations are particularly sensitive to changes in calcium ion concentration?

neurons and muscle cells

The posterior surface of the bony roof of the mouth is formed by the

palatine bones

Two hormones that work together to elevate calcium levels in the body are ________ and ________.

parathyroid hormone; calcitriol

On the posterior aspect of the femur, the ________ marks the attachment of powerful muscles that adduct the femur.

linea aspera